Method For Determination Of Cu Research Articles

Determination of High Concentration Copper Ions Based on Ultraviolet—Visible Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis

With the rapid development of industrialization, the problem of concentration determination based on the copper production process has been widely concerned, and the accurate determination of high-concentration copper ions (Cu2+) is of great significance for enterprise production, resource utilization, and pollution prevention. The characteristics of different spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Cu2+ are discussed, and it is found that these methods are suitable for the determination of trace or low concentration of Cu2+ (0.5 μg/L–5 mg/L), whereas for the determination of high Cu2+ concentration pre-treatments such as dilution, complexation, and coloring are required. In this study, a method based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) combined with partial least squares regression analysis (PLS) was proposed for the determination of high copper ions (>100 mg/L), which performs rapid and accurate determination of high Cu2+ concentration by preprocessing and feature extraction of UV-Vis spectral data, followed by model construction with PLS analysis, which is easy to operate and applicable to a wide range of concentrations. The correlation coefficient (R2), mean relative error (MRE), and root mean square error (RMSECV) of the model prediction of Cu2+ concentrations were 0.99946, 0.006343, and 11.237 mg/L, respectively, indicating that the accuracy of the model prediction is very high. This study not only provides an efficient method for the precise determination of high Cu2+ concentration but also enables the simultaneous determination of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions, which provides a new technical means for environmental monitoring and pollution prevention.

Fast and Greener Ultrasound-Assisted Acid Extraction for the Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Fluorescent Lamp Waste Using ICP OES.

Understanding the chemical composition of fluorescent lamp residue, particularly potentially toxic elements is crucial for reducing environmental impacts and human health risks after disposal. However, the challenge lies in effectively analyzing these heterogeneous solid samples. Techniques involving quantitative dissolution become imperative, playing a fundamental role in quantifying trace elements. The aim of this work is to develop and present a new, faster, and more efficient and environmentally friendly method using ultrasound-assisted acid extraction to quantify potentially toxic elements (Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn) present in fluorescent lamp waste using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry technique. An ultrasound-assisted acid extraction method for the quantification of potentially toxic elements in fluorescent lamp waste was developed and applied as a greener alternative to conventional digestion methods. For variables optimization a full factorial design with two levels and two variables (time and temperature) was used to found which factors significantly affect the observed response. The results obtained for the developed extraction method were compared with a reference method employing a heating acid digestion (mixture of HCl, HClO4 and HF) using statistical tools. The best results were obtained using extraction time of 10 min and temperature of 25 °C. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was applied for element quantification. The proposed extraction method showed good results for Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn. Furthermore, the proposed method based on ultrasound radiation presents additional criteria that align with the concepts of the green analytical chemistry. A greener alternative method for determination of Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn in fluorescent lamp waste was developed. Optimal conditions for ultrasound extraction of potentially toxic elements were achieved in 10 min at temperature of 25 °C. Environmentally friendly aspects of ultrasound align with the requirements of green analytical chemistry.

THE METHOD FOR Cu AND Zn ISOTOPE RATIO DETERMINATION BY MC ICP-MS USING THE AG MP-1 RESIN

The isotopic composition of copper is of great interest for researchers in various fields of science, geochemistry and hydrology in particular, wherein the consideration is being given to the variations in the isotopic composition of the Earth’s crust, extraterrestrial matter, and water basins, as well as to the origin and transfer of matter. Zn isotopes appear to be promising for identifying the sources and pathways of the environmental pollution. The aim of this study involves the refinement and validation of the zinc and copper isotopic ratio determination methodology covering the whole process from sample digestion to MC ICP-MS measurements. For this reason, as well as to assess the suitability of the methodology for the analysis of environmental samples, Zn and Cu isotopic analysis of the BHVO-2, BCR-2 and AGV-2 USGS certified reference materials has been performed. The method for determination of Cu and Zn stable isotope ratios by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in environmental samples is developed. The application of the AG MP-1 resin with optimized layer parameters (resin bed height 3.5 cm, diameter 1 cm) provides the high-purity Cu and Zn fractions. The method is characterized by high throughput and adequate analytical figures of merit when using the standard-sample bracketing technique for mass bias correction. The procedural blanks related to chemical dissolution and ion exchange procedures are lower than 1 and 3 ng for Cu and Zn, respectively, assuring no blank effect on the isotopic composition of samples. The accuracy and precision obtained for Cu and Zn isotope measurements in the BHVO-2, BCR-2 and AGV-2 geological certified reference materials demonstrate good agreement with the reference values published.

Some Aspects of Cu(0)-Mediated Radical Polymerization

Certain quantitative parameters characterizing the Cu(0)-mediated SET polymerization of methyl acrylate, that is, the kinetic orders of the polymerization rate with respect to the concentration of the monomer and initiator and the rate constants of initiation under various conditions, are determined. A method for the separate determination of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions during polymerization is developed. A new effective form of the catalyst, a copper mirror, is proposed, which makes it possible to multiply the specific rate of polymerization and decrease the residual copper content in the polymer.

Minimal-Invasive Analytical Method and Data Fusion: an Alternative for Determination of Cu, K, Sr, and Zn in Cocoa Beans

In the present study, a minimal-invasive analytical method for determination of Cu, K, Sr, and Zn in cocoa beans was performed using energy X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with multivariate calibration. Partial least squares (PLS) chemometric technique was applied to modeling the data, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) technique was the reference method for the chemical elements concentration levels, after microwave acid mineralization. The figures of merit estimated for Cu, Sr, Zn, and K showed good performance, with acceptable trueness values (85–120%). Data fusion strategy between EDXRF and LIBS data was used to enhance the predictive capability of K. In addition, lower standard error of cross-validation (SECV) (872 mg kg−1) was obtained, showing better performance than those obtained by individual data.

Visual assay for determination of copper ions based on anti-etching of gold nanorods induced by cuprous ions.

The authors describe a colorimetric method for the determination of copper ions (Cu2+) based on anti-etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs) induced by cuprous ions (Cu+). The formation of Cu+ from the reaction between Cu2+ and sodium ascorbate causes the deactivation of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which is used as the catalyst for the reaction of 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), resulting in a decrease in the amount of TMB2+ product that can etch AuNRs, which is accompanied by the color changes from yellow to light orange. Thus, determination of Cu2+ is achieved on the basis of AuNR absorbance at 450nm. A determination limit as low as 0.28nM at the 3Sblank level, and the detection of 0.4nM Cu2+ in solution can be achieved with naked eyes, and a dynamic range of 0 to 1.6nM toward Cu2+ was obtained. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of a colorimetric method for determination of Cu2+ based on the anti-etching of gold nanorods induced by Cu+, which is from the reaction of Cu2+ with sodium ascorbate.

Water-soluble ZnO quantum dots modified by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane: The promising fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Cu2+ ion in drinking water

Copper, as an essential element in human body, can have adverse impact on environment and healthy individuals if it is excessive. So it is necessary to establish a rapid and effective method for detecting Cu2+. In this work, we describe a method for determination of Cu2+ based on water-soluble ZnO quantum dots (QDs) modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTEs). The ZnO QDs functionalized with APTEs (NH2–ZnO QDs) synthesized by a simple sol-gel method and displayed strong yellow-green fluorescence with a peak at 535 nm under 350 nm excitation. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, luminescence, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the NH2–ZnO QDs. In addition, the emission from NH2–ZnO QDs was selectively quenched upon addition of Cu2+. Therefore, this finding was used to design a fluorescent probe based on NH2–ZnO QDs to detect Cu2+ in water solution, and the linear relationships were 2–20 nM and 1–100 μM respectively, with detection limit for Cu2+ at 1.72 nM (on the basis of 3σ/slope criterion). This fluorescent probe had also been applied in real water sample to testify its availability in drinking water. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism was studied by measurements of UV–visible absorption spectra and fluorescent lifetime of ZnO QDs, which may be attributed to the aggregation induced by Cu2+ and the dynamic quenching existing energy transfer between QDs and Cu2+.

Silica Gel‐Immobilized 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide: A novel sorbent for solid phase extraction of Cu, Zn and Pb from natural water samples

A novel silica sorbent, silica gel‐immobilized 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide (SiO2‐APH), was prepared by the condensation of 3‐chloropropyl‐functionalized silica gel with 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide (APH) derived from dimethyl 5‐aminoisophthalate as a starting material and used for separation and preconcentration of Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in water samples using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The characterization of the new sorbent was carried out by Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Important analytical parameters including as pH, amount of sorbent, type and amount of eluting solvent, sample volume, vortex and ultrasonic bath time, matrix ions that effect the developed SiO2‐APH‐solid phase extraction (SPE) method were investigated and optimum parameters were detected. Recoveries of examined metals were obtained as 98% for Cu and Pb and 101% for Zn. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 8) of Cu, Zn and Pb metals were 3.2, 2.8 and 1.6%, respectively. Limit of detections (LODs) (n = 10) were found as 2.7 μg L−1 for Cu, 7.4 μg L−1 for Zn and 3.5 μg L−1 for Pb μg L−1. The accuracy of the new method was assessed by analyzing of TMDA‐51.4 and TMDA‐70.2 certified reference materials. The results obtained for metals were in a good agreement with certified values. Addition/recovery test was applied to the real well, river, dam and stream water samples to check the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the developed SiO2‐APH‐SPE method can be effectively used as an alternative method for determination of Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in water samples.

Microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry for multielement determination in instant soups

This paper presents the use of microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) for food analysis. A method for determination of Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn in instant soups by MIP OES with N2 plasma was developed. Sample preparation procedure consisted of microwave-assisted digestion with dilute nitric acid solution. Accuracy was evaluated based on the analysis of three certified reference materials: NIST 1515 (apple leaves), NIST 1568b (rice flour) and NIST 3234 (soy flour). Recoveries ranged from 83.3–107.5 % for target elements in these materials. Addition and recovery experiments were performed and recoveries ranged from 86.0–106.0 %. All determinations were performed using external calibration. Limits of detection for Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn were 0.09, 4.9, 1.0, 0.04, 5.4 and 0.88 mg kg-1, respectively. Concentrations ranges of Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P and Zn in various types of instant soups samples were found between 1.31–13.8, 1135 - 17.824, 172–567, 1.72–12.1, 608 - 1826 and 2.90–12.1 mg kg-1, respectively. The use of N2 microwave-induced plasma is demonstrated as a low cost alternative for routine analysis.

Surfactant-Assisted Emulsification and Surfactant-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for Determination of Cu(II) in Food and Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract Background: Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for humans at certain concentrations. However, it can be toxic at higher concentrations. Therefore, determination of Cu content of foodstuff is important. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly surfactant-mediated extraction method for the determination of Cu using surfactants and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Methods: A nonionic surfactant-assisted emulsification and surfactant-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of Cu by FAAS. Triton X-15 nonionic surfactant, which is insoluble in water, was used as an extractive agent. Triton X-114 (TX-114) nonionic water-soluble surfactant was used as a disperser solvent. Dithizone was used as a complexing agent for complexation of Cu(II) at pH 4. Results: The detection and quantitation limits of the method were determined as 1.61 and 3.82 μg/L, respectively. The preconcentration factor was obtained as 50. Relative SD based on 10 replicates was obtained as 3.7%. Accuracy of the developed method was proved using certified standard reference materials. Cu(II) content of edible mushroom samples was determined between 12 and 19 μg/g. Recoveries were obtained between 96 and 101%. Conclusions: The developed surfactant-assisted emulsification and surfactant-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method has represented the wide linear ranges, low detection limit, and high preconcentration factor for Cu ions. Highlights: TX-114 surfactant was used as both sticking agent and disperser solvent. The method does not require expert personnel and high operational costs. The method is environmentally friendly because mainly surfactants and low-toxicity organic solvents are used in the recommended procedure.

Polyvinylpyrrolidine-functionalized silver nanoparticles for SERS based determination of copper(II).

A simple, rapid and ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) assay was developed for detection of Cu2+. It is based on the use of polyvinylpyrrolidine-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Detection is enabled because of the presence of N and O atoms in PVP which have specific coordination capability for Cu2+. Coordination is accompanied by the appearance of the change in the intensity ratio of the 845cm-1 and 899cm-1 peaks (I845/I899) that is associated with pyrrolidinone ring torsion in PVP. The intensity of the band increases linearly in the 0.01 to 2μM Cu2+ concentration range, and the limit of detection is as low as 3nM. The assay potentially is a promising tool for monitoring of Cu2+ in environmental water. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of a method for determination of Cu2+ using polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized AgNPs as a SERS nanoprobe. Cu2+ can coordinate with PVP through the N and O atoms. This effect induces AgNP aggregation and affects the electronic structure of PVP. The changes of the Raman spectra are proportional to the Cu2+ concentration.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS

Simple, selective and highly sensitive extraction-photometric methods for determination of Cu, Hg, У Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni are developed using dimercaptophenols (DF) and hydrophobic amines (Am) (2,6-dimercaptophenol(DMP), 2,6-dimercapto-4-methylphenol(DMMP), 2,6-dimercapto-4-ethylphenol(DMEP), 2,6-dimercapto-4-propylphenol(DMPP), and 2,6-dimercapto-4-tertbutylphenol(DMBP)) as complexing reagents. Optimal conditions for formation and extraction of heteroligand compounds (HLC) are specified and the ratios of the components in the complexes are determined. The optimum pH value providing maximum and constant optical density ranges within 3.0-8.1, chloroform (extraction ratio: 98.4-99.6%) being used as an extractant. Optimal concentrations of DP and Am are (0.6 - 0.8) x 10-3and (0.8 - 1.2) x 10-3mol/liter, respectively. HLC are stable and do not decompose for three days in aqueous and organic solvents, and after extraction for more than a month. The maximum analytical signal for M(II) complexing with DP and Am is observed at 464 - 630 nm (εk= 1.82 - 4.40 x 104). The structure of the HLC was studied using thermogravimetry and IR-spectroscopy Comparison of the analytical capabilities of the studied reagents showed that the contrast and sensitivity of the reaction decreases in the series DMBP — DMPP — DMEP — DMMP — DME The interfering impact of ions can be eliminated through changing pH of the medium, masking substances and extraction. The limits of photometric detection and quantitative determination of M (II) in the form of HLC were calculated using calibration graphs. The developed procedures have been successfully used in determination of the trace amounts of Cu, Hg, У Mn, Fe, Co, Ni in different soils: sod-podzolic sandy and sandy-loamy sod-podzolic loamy and clayey, gray forest, black soils, chestnut and river (soil of river floodplains) soils. The determination limits range within 27 - 43 ng/cm3.

Surfactant-Assisted Emulsification and Surfactant-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method for Determination of Cu(II) in Food and Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

Background: Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for humans at certain concentrations. However, it can be toxic at higher concentrations. Therefore, determination of Cu content of foodstuff is important. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly surfactant-mediated extraction method for the determination of Cu using surfactants and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Methods: A nonionic surfactant-assisted emulsification and surfactant-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of Cu by FAAS. Triton X-15 nonionic surfactant, which is insoluble in water, was used as an extractive agent. Triton X-114 (TX-114) nonionic water-soluble surfactant was used as a disperser solvent. Dithizone was used as a complexing agent for complexation of Cu(II) at pH 4. Results: The detection and quantitation limits of the method were determined as 1.61 and 3.82 μg/L, respectively. The preconcentration factor was obtained as 50. Relative SD based on 10 replicates was obtained as 3.7%. Accuracy of the developed method was proved using certified standard reference materials. Cu(II) content of edible mushroom samples was determined between 12 and 19 μg/g. Recoveries were obtained between 96 and 101%. Conclusions: The developed surfactant-assisted emulsification and surfactant-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method has represented the wide linear ranges, low detection limit, and high preconcentration factor for Cu ions. Highlights: TX-114 surfactant was used as both sticking agent and disperser solvent. The method does not require expert personnel and high operational costs. The method is environmentally friendly because mainly surfactants and low-toxicity organic solvents are used in the recommended procedure.

Integrated analyses of phenolic compounds and minerals of Brazilian organic and conventional grape juices and wines: Validation of a method for determination of Cu, Fe and Mn

The phenolic profile and antioxidant activity (AOX) of “organic vs. conventional” Brazilian wines and grape juices were analyzed. A simple method for the determination of minerals Cu, Fe and Mn by F-AAS was validated and used to characterize the samples studied. In the validation of the Cu, Fe and Mn determination method, the protocol for samples preparation by hot digestion with HNO3 + H2O2 proved to be more suitable for the grape juice and wine matrices. The validation parameters were considered satisfactory. Conventional products presented higher anthocyanins content, and no significant differences were observed on other phenolic compounds, AOX and Cu, Fe and Mn minerals. All the evaluated samples presented similar results between the same cultivars and in products from grapes of the two cultivation systems. The AOX of juices and wines, organic and conventional, was high, and correlated with procyanidin B1, petunidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside.

Nanocomposite Bead (NCB) Based on Bio-polymer Alginate Caged Magnetic Graphene Oxide Synthesized for Adsorption and Preconcentration of Lead(II) and Copper(II) Ions from Urine, Saliva and Water Samples

The present study describes the successful fabrication of bio-polymeric nanocomposite bead (NCB) of alginate caged magnetic graphene oxide (Alg-MGO). NCB was obtained by crosslinking of sodium alginate and calcium ions in the presence of MGO. Analytical techniques Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the Alg-MGO. Analytical application is conducted with magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method for determination of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in urine, saliva and river water sample. The linear concentration range obtained were 0.33–25.00 µg L− 1 with appropriate coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99) and low limit of detection (LOD = 0.21–0.71 µg L− 1, n = 3). The newly developed MSPE-NCB was successfully validated with standard reference material (SRM 2670a, NIST). Metal ions removal process was studied at high concentration level (1–200 mg L− 1) and isotherm models were applied. Langmuir isotherm is well fitted to experiments due to high value of coefficient of determination (R2) and proper adsorption capacity 96.13 and 103.09 mg g− 1 obtained for Cu(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Thermodynamic model is suggested spontaneous process, endothermic nature and physical sorption mechanism for uptake of selected metal ions from aqueous solution.

Determination of Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn in Edible Oils Using Reversed-Phase Ultrasonic Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A simple and green reversed-phase ultrasonic assisted liquid−liquid microextraction method for determination of Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn in edible oils was developed. Detection was carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of main parameters including ultrasonic time and temperature, disperser solvent, volume of extracting solvent and centrifuging time on the extraction efficiency of target analytes were investigated and optimized. In the proposed method, a few microliters of water (containing 3%, v/v, nitric acid) as extracting solvent was injected into the oil sample and mixture transferred to ultrasonic bath. Then, the mixture was centrifuged in order to accelerate in phase separation. Finally, the aqueous phase was removed and delivered to flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Calibration curves for all metals were linear in the range of 5‒100 ng/mL. The limit of detections for Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn were 0.8, 0.3, 0.5, 1.5 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values were in the range of 0.6‒1.9%. The recoveries were in the range of 95.2–101.2% with RSD values ranging from 0.8 to 1.9%. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of interested metals in commercial edible oils.

A new dual-channel optical signal probe for Cu2+ detection based on morin and boric acid.

In this work we utilized the common analytical reagent morin to develop a new a dual-channel, cost-effective, and sensitive method for determination of Cu(2+). It is found that morin is only weakly fluorescent by itself, but forms highly fluorescent complexes with boric acid. Moreover, the fluorescence of complexes of morin with boric acid is quenched linearly by Cu(2+) in a certain concentration range. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence quenching efficiency was linearly proportional to the concentration of cupric ions in the range of 0.5-25 μM with high sensitivity, and the detection limit for Cu(2+) was 0.38 μM. The linear range was 1-25 μM determined by spectrophotometry, and the detection limit for cupric ions was 0.8 μM. Furthermore, the mechanism of sensitive fluorescence quenching response of morin to Cu(2+) is discussed.

Sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of Cu(2+) in aqueous medium via aggregation of thiomalic acid functionalized Ag nanoparticles.

A simple and effective colorimetric method for determination of Cu(2+) in real samples was developed. In this method, thiomalic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (TMA-AgNPs) were prepared and changes in solution color, induced by the aggregation of TMA-AgNPs in the presence of Cu(2+), were employed for quantitative analysis. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of our synthesized TMA-AgNPs was located at 392 nm and shifted to a longer wavelength after aggregation due to the interactions between carboxylate and Cu(2+). A band intensity ratio of A455/(A392-A455) was constructed and used to correlate with the concentration of Cu(2+). A linear relationship was found with a linear response up to 50 nM of Cu(2+). Due to the formation of a stable carboxylate Cu(2+) complex, highly sensitive detection of Cu(2+) was achieved with the estimated detection limit approaching 1 nM. Moreover, the formation of the stable complex leads to high selectivity in the detection of Cu(2+), which was verified by examination of 12 other metal ions. In the detection of Cu(2+) in real samples, results indicated that our proposed method is simple, sensitive and selective for application in such measurements.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as Copper Piperazine

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Cu(II) in the trace quantities was developed by using piperazine as ligand in ammonium acetate medium. The Procedure developed was applied for the estimation Cu(II) in microgram quantities in the samples of alloys and the method was found to be simple, rapid and comparable to routine analytical methods for trace level analysis of metal ions in environmental samples in any laboratory where sophisticated and expensive instruments are not available. UV visible spectrophotometer is cost effective and available in almost all laboratories. The complexes of piperazine in aqueous solutions are not reported so far and this is the first attempt in this area of spectrophotometric analysis.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as Copper Piperazine

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Cu(II) in the trace quantities was developed by using piperazine as ligand in ammonium acetate medium. The Procedure developed was applied for the estimation Cu(II) in microgram quantities in the samples of alloys and the method was found to be simple, rapid and comparable to routine analytical methods for trace level analysis of metal ions in environmental samples in any laboratory where sophisticated and expensive instruments are not available. UV visible spectrophotometer is cost effective and available in almost all laboratories. The complexes of piperazine in aqueous solutions are not reported so far and this is the first attempt in this area of spectrophotometric analysis.