Method For Determination Of Acetaminophen Research Articles

Development and validation of a rapid derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, ibuprofen and caffeine

A zero-crossing derivative spectrophotometric method was used for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, ibuprofen and caffeine. The derivative spectra of standard solutions of each compound were obtained at different orders to find out the suitable zero-crossing points. Under the optimized conditions, determination of acetaminophen was performed at wavelengths of 311 and 270 nm using the third order (Δλ = 24.5) and fourth order (Δλ = 12.0) derivative spectra, respectively. Ibuprofen and caffeine were determined at wavelengths of 235 and 300 nm using the second order (Δλ = 21.0) and fourth order (Δλ = 27.0) derivative spectra. The method was found to be linear (r2 > 0.998) in the range of (μg/mL) 5–50 for acetaminophen, 5–30 for ibuprofen and 1–7 for caffeine in the presence of other compounds. The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy of the proposed method were acceptable (CV < 3% and error < 2%) for all three components and the proposed method was satisfactory for quality control purposes. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, ibuprofen and caffeine in pharmaceutical dosage forms without any interference from excipients and there was no need to any prior separation before analysis.

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Acetaminophen with N-Bromosuccinimide

A simple, sensitive, and selective method for determination of acetaminophen based on its oxidation using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to produce a highly fluorescent product. Optimization of reaction variables was carried out concerning NBS concentration, pH, temperature, reaction time, and stability time. Under optimal analytical conditions, the fluorescent intensity was measured at lambda emission. 442 nm (excitation at lambda 330 nm). The linearity range is 120-800 ng/mL with lower detection limit of 33.6 ng/mL acetaminophen. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the compound in pharmaceutical preparations, with average recovery of 100.3 +/- 2%. The method was also applied successfully to the determination of the drug in spiked plasma samples, with an average recovery of 101.2 +/- 1%. Interference effects of some compounds, present in combination with acetaminophen, were studied and the tolerance limits of these compounds were determined.

Application of a chemometric method for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and diclofenac in content-uniformity and drug-dissolution studies

A new, repeatable, and rapid method has been developed for resolution of binary mixtures of acetaminophen and diclofenac with minimum sample pretreatment and without separation of the analytes. The method, based on the PLS1 processing of absorbance data in the UV region, was successfully used for quantification of the drug content of three tablet preparations. The results obtained were in good agreement with HPLC recovery data. The method also enabled determination of drug-dissolution profiles of these commercial tablets, by simultaneous determination of both analytes during the dissolution test.

LC Method for the Determination of Multiple Components in a Compound Cold Formulation

An isocratic liquid chromatographic method for determination of acetaminophen (AMP), caffeine (CAF), chlorphenamine maleate (CPM) and guaiacol glyceryl ether (GGE) in a compound cold formulation is described. Separation and quantitation were achieved on a Diamonsil C18 column using a binary mixture of methanol and 1.5% aqueous acetic acid (55: 45, v/v, pH 3.6) as mobile phase delivered at 0.4 mL min−1. Single wavelength detection was at 220 nm for all four drugs and the run time was < 10 min. The linearity, accuracy and precision of the method were found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges: 16.0–127.8 μg mL−1 for AMP, 6.0–48.2 μg mL−1 for CAF, 5.0–40.0 μg mL−1 for CPM and 10.1–80.6 μg mL−1 for GGE.

Routine methods in toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring by high-performance liquid chromatography. I. Rapid method for determination of acetaminophen in plasma, including a STAT procedure.

A method has been developed for rapid determination of acetaminophen levels in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) including a STAT procedure. Most often, determination of acetaminophen levels is requested in emergency situations. In such situations, hepatic toxicity can occur, in severe cases leading to hepatic failure. Hepatic toxicity is correlated with serum drug concentrations and, in particular, with biological half-life (t1/2). Because hepatic injury only becomes biochemically apparent 24-48 h after overdose ingestion, the potential for developing severe hepatic damage can be much more quickly assessed by determining the serum levels of acetaminophen. Certain concentrations in serum at 4 and 12 h after overdose are associated with probable hepatic damage. Therefore, one must know the levels as soon as possible; thus, STAT is most often ordered. The method described in this article was developed for running acetaminophen stats and is a microscale method, requiring only 10 microliter of the specimen; thus, it is also suitable for pediatric patients. The procedure involves precipitation of proteins and injection of the top clear liquid into the chromatogram.

Colorimetric assay for acetaminophen in serum.

A colorimetric method for determination of acetaminophen in serum, based on its reaction with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid, is described. The method is sensitive, rapid, and free from the interferences of serum matrix and most common drugs. The method can be performed manually or can be semiautomated. The results from this method correlate well with values determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

First-Derivative Spectroscopic Determination of Acetaminophen and Sodium Salicylate in Tablets

A first-derivative spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and sodium salicylate in tablets was developed. Solutions of this drug combination in acidic ethanol were analyzed using their respective spectral responses at 258.5 and 317.0 nm. The method, which can be used for tablet composite assay and content uniformity analysis, is linear for acetaminophen concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 21.6 micrograms/mL, and for sodium salicylate concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 36.0 micrograms/mL. Relative standard deviations for the assay of both drugs in commercial tablets were less than 2%, and recoveries of acetaminophen and sodium salicylate from spiked samples were 99.7 and 100.1%, respectively. The results obtained by first-derivative spectroscopy were in agreement with the results of a liquid chromatographic procedure for acetaminophen and a fluorometric method for sodium salicylate. The technique used for the selection of wavelengths for analysis is also described.

A Simple Electrochemical Method for the Quantitative Determination of Acetaminophen in Serum

Abstract A simple electrochemical method for the determination of acetaminophen in serum is described. The eleotrode and associated electronics are simple, reliable, and inexpensive to build. The apparatus can be operated at a rate of 2–3 determinations per minute using only 10 μl serum per determination. The procedure includes extraction of acetaminophen in ethyl acetate and subsequent oxidative amperometric detection of the drug by a form of flow-injection analysis. The system parameters of buffer, pH, and redox potential have been optimized to permit measurement of less than 10 μg/ml of acetaminophen. The determination is linear over the range of 10–300 μg/ml with a C.V. of less than 3% for replicate analysis of the same sample.