Method For Analysis Of Sugars Research Articles

VDZ and ICUMSA — 125 years of scientific work for the sugar industry

Starting from the common roots of the Verein Deutscher Zuckertechniker (VDZ) and the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA), which are both allocated in the laboratory of the Verein der Zuckerindustrie (VdZ) in Berlin and can be traced back to its long-term Director Prof. Dr. Alexander Herzfeld, the continuous development of analytical methods, which have been harmonised and standardised worldwide by the ICUMSA, is reviewed. National and international cooperation and information exchange of all involved parties is emphasised as a prerequisite, which was defined as a target already in the first constitutions and bylaws of both, VDZ and ICUMSA. A review of the first and up till now most important achievement of ICUMSA, the international standardisation of the polarimetric determination of sugar contents in 1900, is extended by a description of further amendments till 1994. The determination of colour, an important topic for ICUMSA since the beginning, is highlighted amongst various analytical quality parameters of sugar. Standardisation of analytical ICUMSA methods today includes statistical validations based on collaborative studies, following the protocols of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Contribution to the Method of Sugar Analysis in Legume Grains for Ensiling - A Pilot Study

The quotient of sugar content and buffering capacity (S/BC quotient) serves as an important predictor for the ensilability of green feed and cereal or legume grains. For this, reference values were given which base on the anthrone method for sugar analysis. This method has largely been replaced today, but the consistency of results from different methods is questionable. In this study, the sugar content of legume grains was determined by the anthrone method and compared with results from nowadays more common methods. For this, grains from lupine (Lupinus spp.; var. ‘Bora’, ‘Borlu’), pea (Pisum sativum; var. ‘Lisa’, ‘Phonix’) and field bean (Vicia faba; var. ‘Limbo’) were analysed (n = 4 each) for sugar via anthrone method, a gravimetric method (GRAVI) and HPLC. Following HPLC, either glucose, fructose and sucrose (HPLC-1) or these monomers plus galactose (HPLC-2) or HPLC-2 plus oligomeric carbohydrates (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose; HPLC-3) as sum were referred to as sugar. Results were compared by one-way analysis of variance. None of the alternative methods provided results that are at least similar to the sugar content detected by the anthrone method (P > 0.05). HPLC-3 caused a clear overestimation whereas the other methods (VDLUFA, HPLC-1, HPLC-2) resulted in a remarkable underestimation compared to the anthrone method. The results from legume grains suggest that different methods of sugar analysis provide remarkably different results even though all methods are accepted and applied in routine analysis. Thus, i) sugar contents should not be interpreted without knowledge of the applied method, and ii) as long as reference values base on anthrone method, the forecast of ensilability via the S/BC quotient should only be performed when anthrone method was used to determine the sugar content. The comparison of results from different methods of sugar analysis should be extended to grasses and further more conventional material for ensiling.

Analysis of biomass sugars and galacturonic acid by gradient anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection without post-column addition

While the most accurate method for analysis of sugars in biomass is based on gas chromatography of trimethylsilane or alditol acetate derivatives of sugars, the derivation method is time consuming and laborious. In comparison, sample preparation for sugar analysis of hydrolyzed biomass samples using liquid chromatography is a simple dilution procedure with water. A gradient HPLC method using a anion-exchange column and pulsed-amperometric detection modified to reduce analysis time from 75 to 40 min was further improved. The new method no longer requires post-column addition to stablilize the baseline using a pulsed-amperometric detector with the mobile phase gradient. The method provides good resolution of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, and galacturonic acid in both standards and hydrolyzed citrus waste materials. By changing the waveform used with the PAD detector, the requirement for post-column addition was eliminated while maintaining a stable baseline.

A Rapid Method for Sugar Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Summary A simple and rapid method was developed for preparing and analysing the “degraded polysaccharide” (DPS) fraction virtually corresponding to the polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from cells of Gram-negative bacteria without separating LPS. Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was used as a standard for establishing the method. It was successfully applied not only to S. typhimurium but also to Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica, Plesiomonas shigelloides , O1 and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio anguillarum . The sugar composition of the samples prepared directly from the cells of each of these strains by the rapid method and that of the DPS fraction isolated from LPS prepared by Westphal's standard phenol-water technique was shown to be identical. However, in the case of O1 and non-O1 V. cholerae and the other three vibrio species, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) was undetectable by the conventional colour test (Weissbach's reaction) under conventional hydrolysis conditions. In spite of this limitation, the rapid method is considered to be suitable to determine the sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of LPS of Gram-negative bacteria with chemotaxonomic studies.

Evaluation of acid and enzyme hydrolytic methods for the determination of edible aroid starch content

AbstractThe starch content of four edible aroid (Araceae) cultivars was determined using acid and enzyme methods of hydrolysis. Hydrolysates were analysed using ferricyanide reduction, glucose oxidase and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Differences in starch values were obtained between the method of sugar analysis used when acid hydrolysis of samples was employed. The results obtained using enzyme hydrolysis, however, showed no significant differences between the methods of sugar analysis used. The results of these experiments indicate that, to obtain accurate starch values for edible aroids using the least expensive options, it is recommended that acid hydrolysis and the glucose oxidase‐peroxidase glucose‐specific assay methods or enzyme hydrolysis and ferricyanide sugar analysis be used. Starch degradation of ungelatinised samples by enzymic hydrolysis was very limited and showed considerable cultivar variation.

Spacing in Acorn Woodpeckers

foraging in a bumblebee, Bombus terricola Kirby. Journal of Comparative Physiology 77:49-64. Herrera, C. M. 1981. Are tropical fruits more rewarding to dispersers than temperate ones? American Naturalist 118: 896-907. 1982. Seasonal variation in the quality of fruits and diffuse coevolution between plants and avian dispersers. Ecology 63:773-785. Hiebert, S. M., and W. A. Calder III. 1983. Sodium, potassium, and chloride in floral nectars: energy-free contributors to refractive index and salt balance. Ecology 64:399402. Hulme, A. C. 1971. The biochemistry of fruits and their products. Volume 2. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA. Inouye, D. W., N. D. Favre, J. A. Lanum, D. M. Levine, J. B. Meyers, M. S. Roberts, F. C. Tsao, and Y-Y. Wang. 1980. The effects of nonsugar nectar constituents on estimates of nectar energy content. Ecology 61:992-996. Mantovani, G. 1974. Dry substance in sugar products other than sugars. Pages 157-167 in Report of the Proceedings of the 16th Session of the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. ICUMSA, Peterborough, England. Martin, A. C., H. S. Zim, and A. L. Nelson. 1951. American wildlife and plants. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, USA. Milton, K., and F. R. Dintzis. 1981. Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for tropical plant samples. Biotropica 13:177-181. Moermond, T. C., and J. S. Denslow. 1983. Fruit choice in neotropical birds: effects of fruit type and accessibility on selectivity. Journal of Animal Ecology 52:407-420. Percival, M. S. 1961. Types of nectar in angiosperms. New Phytologist 60:235-281. i g in a bumblebee, Bombus terricola Kirby. Journal parative Physi logy 77:49-64. era, C. M. 1981. Are tropical fruits mo rewarding to sers than temperate ones? American Naturalist 118:

High-performance liquid chromatography of sugars on copper (II) modified silica gel

A sensitive method of sugar analysis by HPLC is described in which a copper (II) modified silica gel as stationary phase is used. Detection is based on UV absorption of a complex formed between the sugar, copper, and ammonia.

Efflux of beta-galactosidase products from Escherichia coli.

Several different strains of Escherichia coli were grown on a variety of carbon sources under various growth conditions. Lactose was added (usually at mid-log phase), and the concentrations of the products of beta-galactosidase action on this sugar (galactose, glucose, and allolactose) were determined at various times thereafter in the total culture and in the medium. It was found that with each strain, with all carbon sources, and under all of the conditions studied, a very large proportion of the products were found in the medium. Control studies were carried out which showed that these results were not artifacts of the method of separating the cells from the medium. The results also did not arise from the secretion of beta-galactosidase into the medium, from the diffusion of substrates and products into and out of the cells due to leaks in the membrane, or from faults in the method of sugar analysis. In addition, the results showed that there were very high levels of products inside the cells under the conditions used and that the efflux of the products was rapid. The efflux might be energetically advantageous to the cell as well as being a means of storing excess products until needed.

International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis

International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis

The effect of filtration and centrifugation on raw sugar polarisation analysis

In raw sugar analysis, the apparent sucrose content is determined as its polarisation value, a measure of the rotation of plane-polarised light passing through a solution of the sugar, which is directly proportional to sucrose concentration when the impurity level is low.Before taking a reading with a polarimeter, a “normal” raw sugar solution (26·000 g per 100 ml) is clarified by addition of basic lead acetate solution to precipitate impurities, which are removed by simple filtration; about 50 ml of filtrate are needed for analysis. When the solution is filtered, the sucrose concentration increases because of preferential absorption of water by the filter-paper. Initially in the current study, the magnitude of the absorption has been examined, and it has been determined that the first 10 ml of filtrate should be discarded to minimise this effect.Differences of 1 part in 40,000 in the polarisation value of sugar solutions, however, can now be detected by using modern photo-electric polarimeters and the refined analytical techniques described in this paper. This compares with 1 part in 2000 when using older visual instruments and standard techniques. Therefore, an insight into evaporation and humidity effects has also been gained, and a comparison of filtration and centrifugation, an alternative method of clarification, made.Centrifugation has practical advantages over filtration in laboratories in which large numbers of analyses are performed. In addition, it is not subject to preferential absorption and evaporation errors, and currently appears to give the best estimate of polarisation value, as defined and specified by the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA).

Sugars in Plants: A Preliminary Report on the Use of EDTA in the Munson-Walker Sugar Method

Abstract Preliminary studies were conducted on the use of EDTA in the Munson-Walker method for sugar analysis. The method requires less time and attention when the reduced copper is titrated with EDTA instead of sodium thiosulfate. Studies will be continued.

Report on Micro Methods of Sugar Analysis

Report on Micro Methods of Sugar Analysis

Report on Micro Methods of Sugar Analysis

Journal Article Report on Micro Methods of Sugar Analysis Get access Betty K Goss Betty K Goss Associate Referee National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 36, Issue 2, 1 May 1953, Pages 245–250, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/36.2.245 Published: 27 January 2020

Report on Micro Methods of Sugar Analysis

Report on Micro Methods of Sugar Analysis

Report on Determination of Reducing Sugars and the Influence of Overheating on the Determination of Invert Sugar, to the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis, Tenth Session, Brussels, August 15–20, 1949 (Subject 4.)

Report on Determination of Reducing Sugars and the Influence of Overheating on the Determination of Invert Sugar, to the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis, Tenth Session, Brussels, August 15–20, 1949 (Subject 4.)

Report on Refractive Indices of Solutions of Sucrose, Dextrose, Levulose, Raffinose, Invert Sugar and Mixtures, to the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis, Tenth Session, Brussels, August 15–20, 1949 (Subject 7.)

Report on Refractive Indices of Solutions of Sucrose, Dextrose, Levulose, Raffinose, Invert Sugar and Mixtures, to the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis, Tenth Session, Brussels, August 15–20, 1949 (Subject 7.)

A reductometric and biochemical system for analysis of sugar mixtures

A method for sugaranalysis was developed, which enables us to determine all sugars in foods by reductometric and biochemical methods. The results of these analyses were worked up by mathematical methods.

Physical and Chemical Methods of Sugar Analysis

Physical and Chemical Methods of Sugar Analysis

International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. British National Committee Report

International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. British National Committee Report

International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. Report of Proceedings of the Eighth Session

International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. Report of Proceedings of the Eighth Session