Methanolysis Of Sodium Borohydride Research Articles

Bifunctional CoNi/Fe3O4@GO catalyst for hydrogen generation through NaBH4 in different solvolytic environments: The effect of sequential metal introduction

In the present study, an easily-prepared binary metal supported on a magnetic nanocomposite of graphene oxide was synthesized with a particular focus on the sequence of metal introduction. Specifically, the Co/Ni/Fe3O4@GO, Ni/Co/Fe3O4@GO, and CoNi/Fe3O4@GO samples were synthesized, and subjected to a comprehensive characterization. Following the incorporation of nickel into the cobalt-based catalyst, the surface areas of the samples and the dispersion of the particles were notably enhanced. The positive effect of nickel introduction was found to be more pronounced in the CoNi/Fe3O4@GO nanocatalyst, which was synthesized via the simultaneous impregnation-reduction of cobalt and nickel nanoparticles. The prepared catalysts were found to be efficient catalysts in the sodium borohydride hydrolysis/methanolysis/ethanolysis process. Notably, the results revealed that the CoNi/Fe3O4@GO exhibited superior performance in the methanolysis reaction compared to the other catalysts. Impressively, this catalyst yielded a high hydrogen generation rate of 8200 mL/min.gcat. A thorough kinetic analysis of the catalyzed methanolysis reaction revealed a remarkably low activation energy of 21.45 kJ/mol. Furthermore, a thermodynamic study yielded an activation entropy (ΔS) of -97.75 J/K, which is indicative of a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type mechanism for the methanolysis of sodium borohydride.

Hydrogen generation from methanolysis of sodium borohydride using boric acid as a catalyst

ABSTRACT Hydrogen plays a critical role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and combating climate change as a clean, highly efficient, and renewable energy source. In this study, hydrogen production via methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) has been investigated in the presence of boric acid (H3BO3) catalyst. The effect of various parameters on hydrogen generation rate has been reported and the effect of temperature, H3BO3 catalyst concentration, methanol volume and NaBH4 concentration has been studied in the range of 20–50°C, 0.539–2.695 mM, 2–20 mL, and 0.176–0.881 mM, respectively. The kinetic parameters are estimated with the power law model and the reaction order and activation energy are found as 2 and 33.25 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The highest hydrogen generation rate (HGR) is achieved as 628,117 mL·min−1·g cat−1 at 50°C with 1.078 mM H3BO3 and 0.352 M NaBH4 concentrations and 15 mL methanol volume. This study’s notable result is the emphasis on the effect of using a very small amount of boric acid. Because the use of a high amount of boric acid as a catalyst causes steric hindrance in the methanolysis reaction of trimethyl borate, which is the product of the equilibrium reaction between boric acid and excess alcohol in the solution. This situation has been avoided by using a lower amount of boric acid. Thus, it demonstrates that environmentally friendly, efficient, and cost-effective boric acid has great potential in hydrogen production via methanolysis and that its performance can be further improved with more work on the optimization of catalyst concentration.

ZnSnO3 - SnO2 nanocomposite as a catalyst for efficient hydrogen production through sodium borohydride methanolysis

In this work, we describe a straightforward modified sol gel approach for producing zinc stannate-tin oxide (ZnSnO3-SnO2) nanocomposite particles by combining tin chloride and zinc acetate using EDTA ammonium salt as an electrosteric inhibition agent. The acquired samples were characterized using simultaneous thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalyst activity of ZnSnO3-SnO2 particles in hydrogen production was determined by the methanolysis reaction from NaBH4. The hydrogen generation rate TOF (Turnover Frequency) The hydrogen generation rate, activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values of the hydrogen production reaction were calculated as 374.11 ml min−1.g−1 (832.38 h−1), 43.19 kJ mol−1, 40.65 kJ mol−1 and -178.96 J/mol.K, respectively. The prepared ZnSnO3-SnO2 composite can be recycled and used without obvious loss of activity; This makes the procedure economical and environmentally friendly.

Microwave-assisted sumac based biocatalyst synthesis for effective hydrogen production

AbstractHydrogen (H2), a renewable energy source with a high energy density and a reputation for being environmentally benign, is being lauded for its potential in various future applications. In the present context, the catalytic methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is of considerable importance due to its provision of a pathway for the efficient production of hydrogen gas (H2). The main aim of this research attempt was to assess the viability of utilizing refuse defatted sumac seeds as an unusual precursor in microwave-assisted K2CO3 activation to produce a biocatalyst.The primary objective that motivated the synthesis of the biocatalyst was to facilitate the generation of hydrogen via the catalytic methanolysis of NaBH4. With the aim of developing a biocatalyst characterized by enhanced catalytic performance, we conducted an exhaustive investigation of a wide range of experimental parameters. The activation agent-to-sample ratio (IR), impregnation time, microwave power, and irradiation time were among these parameters.Significantly enhanced in catalytic activity, the biocatalyst produced under particular conditions achieved a peak hydrogen production efficiency of 10,941 mL min− 1 g.cat− 1. In particular, it was determined that the ideal conditions were as follows: 0.5 IR, 24 h of impregnation, 500 W of microwave power, and 10 min of irradiation. This novel strategy not only demonstrates the impressive potential of eco-friendly biocatalysts, but also positions them as a viable alternative material for the sustainable production of hydrogen via NaBH4 methanolysis.Three significant parameters contribute to the value and renewability of this study. The first is that waste is used as the primary material; the second is that the activator is less hazardous than other activators; and the third is that microwave activation is a green chemistry technique. Graphical Abstract

Preparation of chromium barium oxide catalysts for hydrogen evolution from sodium borohydride methanolysis

This paper describes the synthesis of Cr2O3, Cr1.7Ba0.3O3, and Cr1.4Ba0.6O3 nanoparticles as catalysts to enhance hydrogen evolution in sodium borohydride methanolysis. Various characterization techniques, comprising X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and others were utilized to characterize the prepared nanoparticles. The XRD analysis showed that the formed Cr2O3 exhibits a hexagonal crystal structure, with an estimated mean crystallite size of 24 nm. SEM micrographs showed nanoparticles with homogeneous distributions, exhibiting spherical or distorted spherical shapes. XPS analysis showed that all synthetic Cr2-xBaxO3 materials consist of Cr, O, and the presence of Ba for doped samples. The energy gap for pure Cr2O3 nanoparticles was determined to be 3.28 eV. Inclusion of Ba into the Cr2O3 nanostructure modified the band gap, resulting in values of 2.8 and 1.5 eV at 15 % and 30 % barium content. The hydrogen production rate from NaBH4 methanolysis for Cr2O3, Cr1.7Ba0.3O3, and Cr1.4Ba0.6O3 catalysts were 5984, 31176 and 11913 mL/g.min, respectively.

Investigation of electrooxidation and methanolysis of sodium borohydride on activated carbon supported Co catalysts from poplar sawdust

At present, the chemical activation method is used to prepare activated carbon from poplar sawdust. Co/activated carbon (Co/AC) is synthesized by the sodium borohydride (SBH, NaBH4) reduction method. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy dispersion (SEM-EDX) analytical techniques. The catalytic activity, stability, and resistance of the Co/AC catalysts are determined by electrochemical analyses such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. The 1 % Co/AC catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity at a specific activity of 3.964 mA/cm2 compared to other catalysts. Furthermore, it has shown long-term stability and low resistance. The effect of the catalyst, sodium borohydride and methanol amounts, and temperature parameters on the initial hydrogen generation rate are determined. The initial hydrogen generation rate of the 1 % Co/AC catalyst is obtained as 26053.2 mL/min.gcat at optimum parameters such as 0.025 g catalyst, 0.15 g NaBH4, 6 mL methanol, and 60 °C temperature. As a result, 1 % Co/AC catalyst is promising both as an anode electrode material and catalyst for sodium borohydride methanolysis.

Waste ceramic frit as novel catalyst triggering sodium borohydride methanolysis reaction

Hydrogen energy is remarkable as a clean and efficient energy source alternative to fossil fuels. In recent years, hydrogen production from methanolysis of borohydride species has been the subject of many studies. Catalysts are of critical importance in hydrogen production with NaBH4. The widespread and commercial availability of this process depends on the cost and sustainability of the catalysts. Due to the cost and environmental impacts of metal-containing or metal-doped support materials used as catalysts, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and high-activity catalysts are being investigated. For this purpose, waste ceramic frits were used as catalysts in the NaBH4 methanolysis reaction. The hydrogen generation rates (HGR) of 11 different frits were compared. The oxide contents of these frits were determined by XRF analysis, and the two frits with the highest HGR values were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX methods. For the two frits identified by code F1 and F2, initial rates of 10,027 mL/min.gcat and 8839 mL/min.gcat were obtained at 30 °C with 0.05 g catalyst and 1.25 % NaBH4, respectively. The activation energies of F1 and F2 frits were calculated as 18.27 kJ/mol and 29.71 kJ/mol, respectively.

Processing of new efficient Cr1-xNaxO3 catalysts for sodium borohydride methanolysis

This study reports the development of a novel Cr1-xNaxO3 catalyst using a simple cost-effective method for hydrogen production from NaBH4 methanolysis. The properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by employing XRD, FTIR, SEM and XPS characterization techniques. The XRD diffraction peaks confirmed the rhombohedral crystal structure of Cr1.xNaxO3 nanoparticles. The average crystal size of these nanoparticles was found to be ranging from 25.0 to 20 nm. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic absorption bands of Cr1.xNaxO3 nanoparticles. The SEM images of Cr2O3 and Cr1.7Na0.3O3 demonstrated that the nanoparticles are irregular in shape, while Cr1.4Na0.6O3 has a porous surface texture. XPS spectra of Cr2O3, Cr1.7Na0.3O3 and Cr1.4Na0.6O3 confirmed the presence of chromium, oxygen, and sodium in the samples. The optical band gaps of Cr2O3 Cr1.7Na0.3O3 and Cr1.4Na0.6O3 nanoparticles were approximately 3.28 eV, 1.61 and 0.81 eV, respectively. Cr1.4Na0.6O3 exhibited the most significant level of activity in terms of hydrogen production of 19144 mL/g.min.

Synthesis and characterization of magnesium zinc ferrite nanoparticles for catalytic hydrogen evolution

We have prepared Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles (x values varying from 0.0 to 0.8 by 0.2 increments) for use as catalysts for hydrogen production in the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The catalytic performance of the Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles with different zinc content for hydrogen production were evaluated in the methanolysis of NaBH4 inside glass vessels. Different characterization techniques were used to analyse the prepared nanoparticles such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron microscopy STEM. The average size of Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles was 10 nm. The largest energy band gap value was 4.77 eV for MgFe2O4 nanoparticles, while the lowest value was 2.89 eV for Mg0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 nanoparticles. Mg0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles were proven as the catalysts with the highest hydrogeneration rate with a value of 15,957 mL min−1 g−1.

The catalytic activity of halloysite-supported Ru nanoparticles in the methanolysis of sodium borohydride for hydrogen production

Finding environmentally friendly new energy sources is very urgent for a sustainable and clean energy future. It is vital to reach clean energy sources such as hydrogen, which does not create a polluting by-product when burned with oxygen. In this study, for a livable clean universe, hydrogen production studies were carried out from sodium borohydride (NaBH4), which is a very good hydrogen storage material, in a methanolysis environment, over ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru (0) NPs) impregnated on halloysite (Hall) support material (Ru (0)@Hall) at room conditions. The catalytic performance of the newly synthesized Ru (0)@Hall nanocatalyst was tested in the NaBH4 methanolysis reaction for hydrogen production. It was determined that Ru (0)/Hall nanocatalyst showed excellent activity (initial turn-over frequency (TOFinitial) = 1882 h−1; 31.37 min−1) and reusability (at the end of the 5th cycle, it retained 90% of its initial activity) performance in the catalytic methanolysis of NaBH4. The analyzes of the Ru (0)@Hall nanocatalyst, both fresh and at the end of the 5th catalytic cycle, were made with advanced analytical methods (ICP-OES, XRD, XPS, SEM, HRTEM, TEM, TEM-EDX, BET) and the nature of the catalytic material was clarified. The results showed the homogeneous distribution of Ru (0) NPs on the Hall surface (mean size = 1.53 ± 0.17 nm). Kinetic studies of hydrogen production from catalytic methanolysis reaction of NaBH4 were performed based on nanocatalyst [Ru (0)@Hall], substrate [NaBH4] concentrations, and temperature (298–318 K). From the kinetic data, the kinetic parameters (Ea, ΔH≠, and ΔS≠) were calculated and the rate equation was determined.

Investigation of the performance of metal-free catalyst prepared from black tea and green tea waste for hydrogen production via methanolysis of sodium borohydride and optimization using response surface methodology

This study uses a waste biomass-based (green tea leaves and black tea leaves) catalyst for hydrogen production by methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in two ways. The Response Surface Methodology was used for parameter optimization of HGR using AAPC-WGTL and AAPC-WBTL at various parameters such as amounts of catalysts, NaBH4, and reaction temperature. In the case of the AAPC - WBTL catalyst, the highest HGR of 7676 ml min−1 g catalyst−1 was observed at 0.25 g NaBH4, 0.1 g catalyst, and 10 ml methanol (CH3OH) at 50 °C. For the AAPC - WGTL catalyst, the highest HGR of 9084.75 ml min−1g catalyst−1 was observed at 0.15 g NaBH4, 0.1 g catalyst, and 10 ml CH3OH at 50 °C. Moreover, the activation energies were found to be 47.06 kJ/mol and 47.89 kJ/mol for the AAPC-WBTL and AAPC-WGTL catalysts, respectively. FTIR, BET, SEM-EDS, HRTEM and XPS characterized the catalyst. The BET analysis shows that AAPC – WGTL and AAPC-WBTL catalysts have surface areas of 22.96 m2/g and 3.28 m2/g, pore diameters of 1.72 nm and 1.70 nm and pore volumes of 0.0047 cm3/g and 0.0331785 cm3/g respectively. Furthermore, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. The AAPC-WGTL and AAPC-WBTL electrode shows 121 mF/cm2 and 63.77 mF/cm2 capacitance, respectively. Therefore, it can be said that WGTL and WBTL are both biomass capable of producing H2 using methanolysis of NaBH4.

A novel hazelnutt bagasse based activated carbon as sodium borohydride methanolysis and electrooxidation catalyst

In this study, activated carbon is produced from defatted hazelnut bagasse at different activation conditions. The catalytic activities of activated carbons are evaluated for NaBH4 methanolysis and electrooxidation. These materials are characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, SEM-EDS and XPS and results show that these materials are prepared successfully. N2 adsorption-desorption results reveal that activated carbon (FH3-500) has the highest BET surface area as 548 m2/g, total pore volume as 0.367 cm3/g and micropore volume as 0.205 cm3/g. On the orher hand, as a result of hydrogen production studies, FH3-500 activated carbon catalyst has the highest initial hydrogen production rate compared to other materials. At 50 °C, this metal-free activated carbon catalyst has a high initial hydrogen production rate of 13591.20 mL/min.gcat, which is higher than literature values. Sodium borohydride electrooxidation measurements reveal that FH2-500 also has the highest electrocatalytic activity and stability. Hazelnut pulp-based activated carbons are firstly used as a metal-free catalyst in the methanolysis and electrooxidation of sodium borohydride, and its catalytic activity is good as a metal-free catalyst. The results show that the hazelnut pulp-based activated carbon catalyst is promising as a metal-free catalyst for the methanolysis and electrooxidation of sodium borohydride.

In Situ Polycondensation Synthesis of NiS-g-C3N4 Nanocomposites for Catalytic Hydrogen Generation from NaBH4.

The nanocomposites of S@g-C3N4 and NiS-g-C3N4 were synthesized for catalytic hydrogen production from the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Several experimental methods were applied to characterize these nanocomposites such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The calculation of NiS crystallites revealed an average size of 8.0 nm. The ESEM and TEM images of S@g-C3N4 showed a 2D sheet structure and NiS-g-C3N4 nanocomposites showed the sheet materials that were broken up during the growth process, revealing more edge sites. The surface areas were 40, 50, 62, and 90 m2/g for S@g-C3N4, 0.5 wt.% NiS, 1.0 wt.% NiS, and 1.5 wt.% NiS, respectively. The pore volume of S@g-C3N4 was 0.18 cm3, which was reduced to 0.11 cm3 in 1.5 wt.% NiS owing to the incorporation of NiS particles into the nanosheet. We found that the in situ polycondensation preparation of S@g-C3N4 and NiS-g-C3N4 nanocomposites increased the porosity of the composites. The average values of the optical energy gap for S@g-C3N4 were 2.60 eV and decreased to 2.50, 2.40, and 2.30 eV as the NiS concentration increased from 0.5 to 1.5 wt.%. All NiS-g-C3N4 nanocomposite catalysts had an emission band that was visible in the 410-540 nm range and the intensity of this peak decreased as the NiS concentration increased from 0.5 to 1.5 wt.%. The hydrogen generation rates increased with increasing content of NiS nanosheet. Moreover, the sample 1.5 wt.% NiS showed the highest production rate of 8654 mL/g·min due to the homogeneous surface organization.

Bacillus thuringiensis Based Ruthenium/Nickel Co-Doped Zinc as a Green Nanocatalyst: Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity, Mechanism, and Efficient H2 Production from Sodium Borohydride Methanolysis

Today, the development of green nanocatalysts is among the popular topics due to the need for energy production and the cleaning of organic pollutants. In this approach, Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium, was used as a biosupport of ruthenium/nickel co-doped zinc nanoparticles (btRNZn NPs) to release hydrogen from the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). In addition, their photocatalytic activity was reported against Methyl Orange (MO) organic dye. This study focused on the preparation, characterization, and catalytic and photocatalytic activity of the btRNZn biocatalyst for the release of hydrogen from the methanolysis of NaBH4 and removal of MO dye. According to TEM analysis, the average size of btRNZn NPs was found to be 11.78 nm; in addition, btRNZn NPs showed a photodegradation effect of 68.2% against MO dye at 90 min, and its photocatalytic mechanism was discussed. The effects of the catalyst, substrate, and temperature in the methanolysis reaction of NaBH4 in the presence of the catalyst were investigated extensively. The reaction kinetics was calculated, and TOF, activation energy, and enthalpy energy were measured as 2497.14 h–1, 14.89 kJ/mol, and 12.35 kJ/mol, respectively. It was observed that the methanolysis process is a first-order reaction based on the amount of the catalyst and substrate. This study aimed to synthesize a nanobiocatalyst (btRNZn NPs) by a biological method, and it will be used as a great photocatalyst to prevent wastewater pollution; also, it can be an excellent catalyst to produce hydrogen from NaBH4 methanolysis. The application of btRNZn NPs in solar photocatalysis to prevent wastewater pollution and to research it for energy production through hydrogen creation are both made clear by these studies.

Highly active hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis reactions using protonated chitosan-zeolite hybrid metal-free particles

Herein, the synthesis of low-cost, non-toxic and recyclable protonated chitosan-zeolite hybrid metal-free catalysts was carried out. The metal-free hybrid catalysts were used for the first time for efficient H2 production from NaBH4 methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis. The prepared chitosan-zeolite-H composite was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray analyser (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The different chitosan/zeolite ratios and different calcination temperatures, the effect of temperature and NaBH4 amount and reusability parameters were investigated. Also, the possible mechanism of H2 formation in methanol and ethylene glycol with chitosan-zeolite-H is discussed. HGR values of NaBH4 (0.25 g) methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis were 17,500 and 10,428 ml min−1g−1, respectively. Ea values obtained for the NaBH4 methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis were found to be 37.29 kJ mol−1 and 50.00 kJ mol−1, respectively.

Synthesis of Poly(ginger oil) Organo Particles as a Metal Free Catalysis and Their Use in Hydrogen Production from Sodium Borohydride Methanolysis

Synthesis of Poly(ginger oil) Organo Particles as a Metal Free Catalysis and Their Use in Hydrogen Production from Sodium Borohydride Methanolysis

Facile bio-fabrication of ZnO@AC nanoparticles from chitosan: Characterization, hydrogen generation, and photocatalytic properties

In this work, activated carbon-supported zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO@AC NPs) were studied using the thermal synthesis method. The activated carbon-supported zinc oxide catalyst was characterized by UV–Vis spectrometry techniques, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Transmissive electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. XRD characterization measurements showed that the average size of the crystal NPs was 6.89 nm. According to the TEM analysis results, the nanoparticles' average size was 11.411 nm, and the particles had a spherical structure. The catalytic properties of the synthesized material were determined using the sodium borohydride methanolysis reaction. A kinetic study was performed regarding the effects of temperature, catalyst, and substrate concentration on the methanolysis reaction. Reusability experiments showed that the catalyst had excellent catalytic activity (85%), stability, and selectivity. As a result of the kinetic study, activation energy, enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and hydrogen production rate activation parameters were found to be 42.52 kJ/mol, 39.98 kJ/mol, −181.42 J/mol.K, 1257.69 mL/min. g, respectively. Also, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO@AC NPs was analyzed against Rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and the maximum degradation percentage was observed to be 76% at 120 min. This study aimed to develop the ZnO@AC NPs into an efficient photocatalyst to prevent industrial wastewater pollution and as a catalyst for hydrogen synthesis as an alternative energy source.

Polymeric ionic liquid forms of PEI microgels as catalysts for hydrogen production via sodium borohydride methanolysis

• Ionic liquid (IL) forms of polyethyleneimine (PEI) as metal free catalyst for H 2 . • NaBH 4 methanolysis via PEI-X (X:Anion) catalyst for green H 2 production. • Highly reusable IL colloidal polymeric catalyst with low Ea in H 2 generation. • Green energy carrier, H 2 release from NaBH 4 via highly regenerable PEI-X catalyst. Ionic liquid (IL) forms of polyethyleneimine (PEI) microgels were prepared using anion exchange and direct acid treatment techniques employing tetrafluoroborate (TFB) and hexafluorophosphate (HFP) anions as well as their corresponding acids, tetrafluoroboric acid (TFBA) and hexafluorophosphoric acid (HFPA), respectively. Then, these polymeric ionic liquids (PIL) of PEI microgels were used as metal-free catalysts for hydrogen (H 2 ) production from sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) solution in methanol (methanolysis). The parameters affecting H 2 production rates such as the types of anions, the methods of PIL preparation, temperature, reusability, and regeneration of PEI-based microgels were investigated. In the dehydrogenation reaction of NaBH 4 in methanol catalyzed by PEI-based PIL microgels, the lowest Ea value in the temperature range of −10–40 °C was calculated as 16.0 ± 0.8 kJ/mol for PEI-HFP PIL microgel, prepared by anion exchange method. The reusability studies of PEI-TFB PIL microgels revealed that the catalytic activity was decreased to 89 ± 5% after 5 consecutive use with 100% conversions for every use. Additionally, independent of the anion exchange methods, PEI-based PIL microgels afford catalytic H 2 production from NaBH 4 methanolysis in a wide range of temperatures including subzero temperatures with facile regenerations by the treatments with TFBA and HFPA resulting in 100% recovery of catalytic activities at each regeneration. The metal-free PIL form of PEI microgel catalyst renders much better catalytic performances and advantages than metal nanoparticle-based catalysts for green H 2 production offering viable alternatives in industrial application.

Hydrogen Production from Methanolysis of Sodium Borohydride by Non-metal p(CO) Organo-particles Synthesized from Castor Oil

Hydrogen Production from Methanolysis of Sodium Borohydride by Non-metal p(CO) Organo-particles Synthesized from Castor Oil

Hydrogen generation from methanolysis of sodium borohydride using waste coffee oil modified zinc oxide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activities

In this study, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles (CO–ZnO NPs) were synthesized using coffee oil (CO) waste. The synthesized biogenic CO–ZnO NPs were analyzed by UV–Visible spectrometry (UV–Vis), Fourier-transformed infrared spectrum (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization methods. According to the UV–Vis spectrum, a double peak was observed at 281 nm and 323 nm in the waste coffee sample, and a single peak at 273 nm was observed for ZnO NPs. According to XRD analysis, the size of the ZnO NPs was determined as 16.37 nm. In the presence of Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) substrate, CO–ZnO NPs were observed to play a role as a catalyst with high activity in hydrogen production. According to the results obtained, Turnover of frequency (TOF), activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy values (ΔS) were calculated as 805.17 s−1, 17.45 kJ/mol, 14.87 kJ/mol, −194.37 J/mol.K, respectively. In addition, it was determined that CO–ZnO NPs showed excellent photocatalytic activity. In photocatalytic measurements of the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight, it was observed that MB degraded by 96% and nanoparticles had high photocatalytic activity. This study aimed to synthesize a catalyst that can be used in the future as a high photocatalytic against pollutant wastewater and eco-friendly catalyst for hydrogen generation.