Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of Breast Research Articles

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Presenting as Small Bowel Obstruction and Ruptured Appendix: A Rare Case Report and Review

Introduction: Metastasis of breast carcinomas to the GI tract is uncommon, and when present is usually of the invasive lobular carcinoma subtype. This case report presents an even more unusual example of invasive ductal carcinoma metastasizing to the GI tract, and with the unusual presentation of a ruptured appendix and Small bowel obstruction. Case presentation: This case report describes a 52-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma, which had an extremely unusual presentation of severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting and perforation of the appendix and small bowel obstruction. Although tumors themselves are not an uncommon cause of SBO, metastatic breast cancer is extremely uncommon. Suspicion of breast carcinoma was initially considered after CT scan performed for abdominal pain revealed a previously unknown breast nodule. Subsequent worsening of symptoms, caused by rupture of an appendiceal metastasis, required laparotomy revealed mass of the appendix. Conclusion: This case report and review highlights that it is essential to keep an open mind regarding nonspecific symptoms, and always consider unusual presentations. Early diagnosis from appropriate and timely workup results in better patient outcomes and reduces morbidity and mortality. Invasive Ductal carcinomas of the breast very rarely metastasize to the GI tract, Invasive lobular carcinomas more commonly metastasize to the GI tract whereas invasive Ductal carcinoma metastasizes to lungs and liver. Throughout 23 years reviewing about 8699 appendectomy specimens only about 15 cases of secondary appendiceal tumors were identified.

Corrigendum: Genomic profiling of pelvic genital type leiomyosarcoma in a woman with a germline CHEK2:c.1100delC mutation and a concomitant diagnosis of metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma

Corrigendum: Genomic profiling of pelvic genital type leiomyosarcoma in a woman with a germline <i>CHEK2</i>:c.1100delC mutation and a concomitant diagnosis of metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma

Circulating tumor cells count and characterization in a male breast cancer patient

A 64-y-old man presented to Medical Oncology Department a metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma, positive for estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and Her2/neu negative. The patient was treated with different lines of therapy, with rapid radiological progression of disease. After four courses of a third-line chemotherapy, a radiological stable disease was maintained. The patient was followed by serial blood drawings for the characterization and count of circulating tumor cells (CTC). This is the first report concerning the predictive and prognostic value of CTC in a male breast cancer patient.

Metastasis of Breast Cancer to the Sphenoid Sinus Presenting as Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Breast cancer with sphenoid sinus metastasis has rarely been reported. A 57-year-old woman presented with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome 1 year after undergoing surgery and chemoradiation therapy for ductal breast cancer. The diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was based on a computed tomography scan and granulomatous pathologic findings from the ethmoid sinuses. Magnetic resonance images revealed an enhanced soft tissue mass mainly in the right sphenoid sinus; the second sinoscopic biopsy revealed metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma with intact surface epithelium. The patient died 20 days after the second biopsy. In this report, we discuss the possible metastatic pathway and choice of imaging modalities for the diagnosis of this rare metastatic sphenoid sinus cancer.

Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein and Transforming Growth Factor Activities in an Extract from a Breast Cancer Associated with Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

The pathogeneses of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia which developed in a patient with metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma were studied. The patient had low plasma levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25(OH)2D, increased nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion and low TmPO4/GFR, suggesting the presence of humoral PTH-like activity. The tumor extract showed activities which would stimulate bone resorption in vitro and cAMP generation in the osteogenic cell line, MC3T3 E1, and in the rat kidney cortex. In addition, the extract stimulated epidermal growth factor (EGF)-independent colony formation of the NRK 49F cells in soft agar, and inhibited the binding of EGF to A431 cells, indicating it to have transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha activity. The extract contained appreciable amounts of immunoreactive PTH-related protein (PTH-rP) but negligible amounts of immunoreactive PTH. Thus, the PTH-like activity for stimulating cAMP generation in the bone and kidney was attributed to PTH-rP. Chromatographic analyses on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated the PTH-rP activity from that of TGF-alpha and the bone resorbing activity in vitro was found only in the fractions of PTH-rP. It was concluded that this breast cancer produced PTH-rP as well as TGF-alpha, and the former was thought to have a major role to play in the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy observed in this patient.