Metastatic Bronchogenic Carcinoma Research Articles

Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma with myocardial and endocardial secondaries.

Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma with myocardial and endocardial secondaries.

Multimodal medical image fusion algorithm in the era of big data

AbstractIn image-based medical decision-making, different modalities of medical images of a given organ of a patient are captured. Each of these images will represent a modality that will render the examined organ differently, leading to different observations of a given phenomenon (such as stroke). The accurate analysis of each of these modalities promotes the detection of more appropriate medical decisions. Multimodal medical imaging is a research field that consists in the development of robust algorithms that can enable the fusion of image information acquired by different sets of modalities. In this paper, a novel multimodal medical image fusion algorithm is proposed for a wide range of medical diagnostic problems. It is based on the application of a boundary measured pulse-coupled neural network fusion strategy and an energy attribute fusion strategy in a non-subsampled shearlet transform domain. Our algorithm was validated in dataset with modalities of several diseases, namely glioma, Alzheimer’s, and metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, which contain more than 100 image pairs. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation verifies that the proposed algorithm outperforms most of the current algorithms, providing important ideas for medical diagnosis.

Case-based discussion: a case of misdiagnosis of primary lung malignancy

A 69-year-old man was initially referred to urology outpatient clinic for investigation of frank haematuria. His medical history included transurethral resection of prostate in 2008, autoimmune hepatitis, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension....

Edges identification based on the derivative filters and fractal dimension

The purpose of this paper is to offer a comparative study on the fractal dimension (D) used to differentiate edges in brain images processed using first-order derivative filters (Prewitt, Roberts) and second-order derivative filters (Laplacian and Laplacian of Gaussian). PDw (proton density) and T2w (T2-weighted type) brain images of healthy patients and patients diagnosed with metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma (MBC) are used. Experimental results showed that second-order derivative filters clearly separate healthy controls from diseased patients while the first-order derivative filters create false edges that affect the fractal dimension (D) values. The Kullback-Leibler divergence (DKL) determines that the probability distribution of the "real" fractal measurements, specific to healthy patients is different from the probability distribution of the "arbitrary" fractal dimensions, specific to patients with MBC. The highest value to the distance DKL is for Prewitt filter.  The value of distance DKL is close to zero for Laplacian, LoG and Roberts filters.

Grade III bone cement implantation syndrome in malignant lung cancer patient: a case report

BackgroundBone cement implantation syndrome is a known complication causing mortality during perioperative period particularly in patients with malignancy. With rise in aging population with malignancy in low income country, the syndrome is more likely to be encountered.Case presentationWe present a case of 66 years old male patient with metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma of lung with pathological proximal femur fracture of left hip that underwent a cemented endoprosthesis under combined spinal epidural anesthesia who succumbed to intraoperative mortality due to grade III bone cement implantation syndrome even after aggressive fluid resuscitation, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsCareful identification of risk factors with aggressive vigilance and intervention in part of surgeons and anesthesia both during intraoperative and postoperative period can mitigate the risk of bone cement implantation syndrome.

Classification using deep learning neural networks for brain tumors

Deep Learning is a new machine learning field that gained a lot of interest over the past few years. It was widely applied to several applications and proven to be a powerful machine learning tool for many of the complex problems. In this paper we used Deep Neural Network classifier which is one of the DL architectures for classifying a dataset of 66 brain MRIs into 4 classes e.g. normal, glioblastoma, sarcoma and metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma tumors. The classifier was combined with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) the powerful feature extraction tool and principal components analysis (PCA) and the evaluation of the performance was quite good over all the performance measures.

Merkel cell carcinoma versus metastatic small cell primary bronchogenic carcinoma

Introduction: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the skin is a rare, aggressive, malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm. The tumor classically demonstrates positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for chromogranin A(ChrA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and/or achaete-acute complex-like 1 (MASH1). The newly identified Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been found to be associated with most MCC cases. The primary histologic differential diagnoses of cutaneous MCC is small cell primary bronchogenic carcinoma (SCLC); moreover, both are of neuroendocrine origin. SCLC accounts for approximately 10-15% of all primary lung cancer cases; this histologic subtype is a distinct entity with biological and oncological features distinct from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contradistinction to MCC, SCLC is classically IHC positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and transcription factor (TTF-1). Similar to SCLC, MCC cell lines may be classified into two different biochemical subgroups designated as Classic and Variant. In our review and case report, we aim to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the approach to this difficult differential diagnosis. We also aim to comment about features of the cells of origin of MCC and SCLC; to summarize the microscopic features of both tumors; and to review their respective epidemiologic, clinical, prognostic and treatment features. We want to emphasize the initial workup study of the differential diagnosis patient, including evaluating clinical lymph nodes, a clinical history of any respiratory abnormality, and chest radiogram. If a diagnosis of primary cutaneous MCC is confirmed, classic treatment includes excision of the primary tumor with wide margins, excision of a sentinel lymph node, and computed tomography, positron emission tomography and/or Fluorine-18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan studies.

An MR Brain Images Classifier System via Particle Swarm Optimization and Kernel Support Vector Machine

Automated abnormal brain detection is extremely of importance for clinical diagnosis. Over last decades numerous methods had been presented. In this paper, we proposed a novel hybrid system to classify a given MR brain image as either normal or abnormal. The proposed method first employed digital wavelet transform to extract features then used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the feature space. Afterwards, we constructed a kernel support vector machine (KSVM) with RBF kernel, using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the parameters C and σ. Fivefold cross-validation was utilized to avoid overfitting. In the experimental procedure, we created a 90 images dataset brain downloaded from Harvard Medical School website. The abnormal brain MR images consist of the following diseases: glioma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, meningioma, sarcoma, Alzheimer, Huntington, motor neuron disease, cerebral calcinosis, Pick's disease, Alzheimer plus visual agnosia, multiple sclerosis, AIDS dementia, Lyme encephalopathy, herpes encephalitis, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, and cerebral toxoplasmosis. The 5-folded cross-validation classification results showed that our method achieved 97.78% classification accuracy, higher than 86.22% by BP-NN and 91.33% by RBF-NN. For the parameter selection, we compared PSO with those of random selection method. The results showed that the PSO is more effective to build optimal KSVM.

Hepatic Arterial Therapy with Drug-Eluting Beads in the Management of Metastatic Bronchogenic Carcinoma to the Liver: A Multi-Institutional Registry

Introduction. There has been limited information reported on the use of hepatic arterial therapy in liver dominant hepatic metastases arising from lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial therapy in the treatment of liver dominant hepatic metastases arising from lung cancer. Methods. Thirteen patients underwent a total of 30 treatment sessions with Drug-Eluting Beads. Eight of the thirteen received only doxorubicin DEB (17 of the total treatments), and four patients received Irinotecan DEB (7 of the total treatments). Results. The planned preprocedural dosage was a median of 75 mg (range 19–200), with total hepatic dose exposure being a median of 150 mg (range 0–458), with a technical success rate of 97% in all 29 treatments. There were 4 adverse events related to treatment, but no evidence of hepatic insufficiency. Overall 6-month and 12-month response rates were 50%. After a median followup of 24 months, the median overall survival in this cohort was 14 months (range 7–48 months). Conclusion. Drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin (DEBDOX) or irinotecan (DEBIRI) can be safely and effectively used in treatment of patients with liver predominant metastatic disease from lung cancer.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-directed Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions: Initial Egyptian Experience

Mediastinal lesions represent a diagnostic challenge and often require invasive approaches. We evaluated the role of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound-directed transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the evaluation of mediastinal lesions. Between March 2005 to February 2006, 30 consecutive patients with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes from unknown etiologies or suspicious for metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma and mediastinal masses underwent EBUS-TBNA and were clinically followed up. EBUS-TBNA was applied under topical anesthesia, midazolam sedation with a mean dose of 4.6+1.7 mg and prolonged the examination by 14.7 minutes on average. EBUS-directed TBNA was performed in 17 lymph nodes and 13 mediastinal masses, achieving specific diagnosis in 82.3% (14/17) and 84.6% (11/13) of examined lesions, respectively, with an overall yield of 83%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinal lesions were 89.4%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively. EBUS was well tolerated by most of the patients with no TBNA-related complications. In conclusion, EBUS-TBNA of mediastinal lesions is a minimally invasive safe diagnostic technique with high yield, even in the hands of those with initial experience. This initial study is convincing and stimulating for widespread application of EBUS-TBNA in Egyptian bronchoscopy practice.

Docetaxel-Induced Mitotic Arrest in Epithelium of Gallbladder: A Hitherto Unreported Occurrence

Chemotherapeutic agents that bind tubulin cause mitotic arrest, which may be seen histologically. Such mitotic arrest has been reported to occur in the skin, alimentary canal, lungs, liver, bone marrow, endometrium, breasts, or in ascites following treatment with paclitaxel, vincristine, colchicine, podophyllotoxin, or maytansine. Mitotic arrest as a result of docetaxel, a taxane that binds tubulin, has yet to be reported. Mitotic arrest in the gallbladder has also yet to be reported. We recently encountered a case of dramatic mitotic arrest as a result of docetaxel, involving the gallbladder of a 66-year-old man with metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma. Strikingly abundant bizarre mitoses initially prompted a diagnosis of primary carcinoma. Carcinoma was eventually excluded based on the absence of dysplasia in all cells at interphase and the history of recent administration of docetaxel. This is the first case of mitotic arrest involving docetaxel or the gallbladder. Awareness of this phenomenon is necessary to avoid misdiagnosing carcinoma.

Metastatic pulmonary hydatidosis from a primary hepatic cyst misquandering as metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma: A Case Report

Metastatic pulmonary hydatidosis from a primary hepatic cyst misquandering as metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma: A Case Report

A Pulmonary Lesion Which Is More Than Meets the Eye

In Brief A 69-year-old female smoker presented with dyspnea, anorexia, weight loss, and bone pain. Chest radiography showed a large pulmonary mass. Initial clinical investigations suggested probable metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, but biopsy revealed that the lesion represented primary pulmonary lymphoma. The pathogenesis of primary pulmonary parenchymal lymphoma is discussed, and differential diagnosis of this entity is reviewed. Primary pulmonary lymphoma is rare, accounting for 1% of all malignant lymphomas. This case report is followed by a brief review of this disease. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the possibility of primary lung lymphoma in patients presenting with lung lesions as its management greatly differs.

Bronchogenic metastasis involving the frontal sinus and masquerading as a Pott’s puffy tumour: a diagnostic pitfall

A case is reported of metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma involving the frontal sinus and masquerading as a Pott’s puffy tumour. A pathological fracture and persistent lung radiographic changes prompted fine needle aspiration of the mass, which showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Needle Aspiration of Extrathoracic Metastases from Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Five patients with suspected metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma underwent needle aspiration of peripheral metastatic lesions instead of a diagnostic bronchoscopy. Aspirates were from the soft tissue of the proximal arm (three patients), an axillary mass (one patient), and a skin nodule (one patient). Two patients had non-small cell carcinoma, two had small cell carcinoma, and one patient had a nondiagnostic aspirate. The procedure had insignificant morbidity, was easy to perform, quickly established a diagnosis of metastatic disease, and obviated the need for a more invasive diagnostic procedure in four of the five patients.

Metastatic Bronchogenic Carcinoma of the Iris and Ciliary Body

Tumor metastasis to the iris and ciliary body is a rare complication of lung neoplasia and, infrequently, can be the first sign of the primary malignancy. In these instances, distinguishing between a diagnosis of primary neoplasia and metastatic carcinoma can be difficult. In the case we report, it was necessary to enucleate the patient's eye to obtain information about the origin of the tumor and to exclude the rare possibility of a primary tumor. Report of a Case. —A 79-year-old man presented at our outpatient clinic complaining of progressive loss of vision, pain, and redness in his left eye during the previous 3 weeks. Ocular examination of the left eye showed corneal edema, an ocular pressure of 56 mm Hg, and a saddle-shaped tumor involving the iris in the superior-temporal quadrant. This mass filled much of the anterior chamber and also protruded posteriorly. A hypopyon occupied one fifth of the

Aclacinomycin A. Phase II evaluation in bronchogenic squamous-cell carcinoma.

Aclacinomycin A (ACLA-A) was administered to 22 patients with metastatic measurable bronchogenic squamous-cell carcinoma in a Phase II trial of the drug. Sixteen patients were fully assessable for response and toxicity. The initial dose of ACLA-A was 85 mg/m2 weekly for 4 consecutive weeks; however, due to severe myelosuppression, the weekly dose was reduced to 65 mg/m2. Fifteen patients were previously untreated. Toxicity was primarily hematological. Complete or partial responses were not observed on this treatment schedule. ACLA-A administered on this schedule lacks therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced bronchogenic squamous-cell carcinoma.

Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma masquerading as a felon

Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma masquerading as a felon

Jejunal perforation secondary to metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma

Jejunal perforation secondary to metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma

CAMP chemotherapy for metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A 7-year experience (1975-1981) with 160 patients.

Between January 1975 and December 1981, 160 patients with metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma (MNOBC) were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP), or with a CAMP-like regimen. Forty-two (26%) of these patients demonstrated an objective response to the chemotherapy with a median survival of 61 weeks. Thirty-nine (24%) patients had stable disease (SD) with a median survival of 45 weeks. Seventy-nine patients (49.4%) were nonresponders with a median survival of 15 weeks. There was a significant difference in survival times between the responders and the SD patients, and between the responders and SD patients and the nonresponders. Responses were seen in 11% of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in 37% of the patients with adenocarcinoma. There was a significant difference in the response and SD categories in favor of adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma. Once a response was achieved, the median survival of the patients with adenocarcinoma was not significantly longer than that of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma.