Metaphorical Death Research Articles

Мотивный анализ драмы Г. Л. Вагнера «Детоубийца»

The aim of this study is to reveal the features of the motif structure of the drama “The Child Killer” (1776) by Heinrich Leopold Wagner (1747-1779). The scientific novelty of our study lies in the fact that we turn to the unexplored aspect of the drama of the German playwright, whose creative work has been little studied. The paper provides an analysis of researchers’ views on the motifs and their typology. The authors study the motifs of the drama by H. L. Wagner, classify and consider them from the point of view of idyllic and anti-idyllic discourse, which helps to identify the specifics of the artistic world of this work. As a result of the study, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the same motif can be either free and dynamic, or connected and static, depending on which character it is associated with. In addition, the same motif (for example, food or its absence) can be both idyllic and anti-idyllic. These motifs demonstrate the ability to transform and deform. In the leitmotif of the ordeal, which is always dynamic, the authors identified 4 stages, namely: the isolation of the hero from the social environment, from a certain locus, metaphorical death, the resurrection of the hero.

Supplemental Material for Legacies and last words: Exploring expressed experiences of robot death.

As robots are increasingly designed and marketed for social adoption, questions emerge about manufacturers’ ethical responsibilities for ensuring continuity of their creations. However, addressing such questions first requires advancing empirical understandings of how humans experience robots’ metaphorical death (i.e., functional cessation). This study advances that aim by exploring an interstitial: public reactions to a known robot’s functional cessation (RFC). Focusing on a specific RFC event—the official announced demise of the “Opportunity” Mars rover—this study unpacked experience dimensions by inductively analyzing public tweets about the event. Semantic network analysis of N = 10,303 tweets is interpreted as indicating 11 key expressed themes (robot legacy, journey, last words, persistence, contributions, and death finality; physiological and emotional reactions; formal and meme-based salutations and memorializing). Interpretation of network content suggests three potential overarching orientations toward the RFC event: cessation as death, as milestone, and as material loss.

Legacies and last words: Exploring expressed experiences of robot death.

As robots are increasingly designed and marketed for social adoption, questions emerge about manufacturers’ ethical responsibilities for ensuring continuity of their creations. However, addressing such questions first requires advancing empirical understandings of how humans experience robots’ metaphorical death (i.e., functional cessation). This study advances that aim by exploring an interstitial: public reactions to a known robot’s functional cessation (RFC). Focusing on a specific RFC event—the official announced demise of the “Opportunity” Mars rover—this study unpacked experience dimensions by inductively analyzing public tweets about the event. Semantic network analysis of N = 10,303 tweets is interpreted as indicating 11 key expressed themes (robot legacy, journey, last words, persistence, contributions, and death finality; physiological and emotional reactions; formal and meme-based salutations and memorializing). Interpretation of network content suggests three potential overarching orientations toward the RFC event: cessation as death, as milestone, and as material loss.

Partition and its echoes in Karachi: The political agencies of Fahmida Riaz and Perween Rahman

This article, shaped as a conversation between a scholar and an artist, critically examines the mapping of the lived experience of Karachi after Partition through a discussion of the poetic journey of the feminist activist Fahmida Riaz and urban planner and architect Perween Rahman.1These two activists were directly affected by the Partition, albeit in different ways, and it is through their creative practice that we try to understand the hauntings of the past in the present. This helps us to move beyond linear ways of interpreting the Indian Partition’s many effects on lived experiences of communities in Karachi. While Riaz writes of the death of metaphor and the inability of verse to capture the harsh realities of everyday life in a dystopian city, Rahman gives agency to the disenfranchised and dispossessed within the urban settlements of Karachi’s poor through a participatory model of community-based mapping. What emerges from the dialogue is a recreation of several voices across time and space that carry the echoes of Partition and the conditions that surround us now. It thereby offers a way to re-envision and reclaim an embodied form of mapping through memory and walking across disciplines to engender cultural change.

METAPHORICAL DEATH ACCEPTANCE (MDA) TECHNIQUE IN COUNSELING RELIGIOUS

The Metaphorical Death Acceptance (MDA) technique contains a symbolic thought, the experience, a game of someone about accepting the death process they will experience. It prepares the client in a relaxed condition and then brought to the spiritual experience he meets the angel of revocation to face his God. Conditions imagine this process of death to be the starting point of change in the client because the client is invited to think about whatever hopes, desires, and final judgments of himself and others when he will die. The researcher compiles this module from using action research. The researcher used the MDA technique when carrying out the group and individual counseling. The samples in this study were 50 students and 30 housewives. The results of these techniques helped clients perceive the problems they experience, instill their Islamic faith and become missionary missions for counselors. This is one of counseling religious for the client to get the meaning of life.

‘Never Just a Game’: Storytelling, Gaming, and Death in Luka and the Fire of Life and Joseph Anton

Salman Rushdie's Luka and the Fire of Life and Joseph Anton both reflect on his concerns with death along with an attempt to keep the process of storytelling alive. This article explores Rushdie's addressing of the literal threat of death in the memoir and the metaphorical death of storytelling abilities in the children's fiction. The emphasis of this article is on Rushdie's usage of gaming and virtual reality to retain his authority in the storytelling world.

A Study of Physical and Figurative Death in Hamlet

Hamlet is the most famous work in English literature. In which, Shakespeare‘s brilliance takes the reader to another level of analyzing literary texts. The themes Shakespeare deals with in Hamlet are not new, but it is the first literary work that tries to explore the nature of death. Through Hamlet‘s character, Shakespeare mentions different views of death. Hamlet is a tragic play that is full of bloodsheds, not only because it tries to define the nature of death, but also there is already the death of social values in Hamlet‘s society. This study aims at analyzing the concept of death for Hamlet taking into consideration the different views and doubts about death. It also analyzes the metaphorical death of social and moral values in Elsinore society. These physical and figurative deaths lead to make Hamlet one of the most tragic works in human history. What the reader concludes at the end of this study is that death is something abstracting, and it is inevitable for everyone. However, only one character survives the bloodbath at the end of the play because of his moral attitude.

Agon, los a może fatum? Milana Kundery zmagania z Europą Środkową

The aim of the paper is to reconstruct the Central European idea in Milan Kundera’s work. The study analyses key works for the Central European category: The Book of Laughter and Forgetting and The Stolen West or The Tragedy of Central Europe. This text is an attempt to create the Kundera’s dictionary of Central Europe, and therefore it addresses such categories as fate and fate, memory and forgetfulness, scapegoat theory and the metaphorical death of the novel. The article highlights the key role of culture as a matter of Central European identity in opposition to the dominant historical-political discourse.

Death in the Garden of Eden

This article examines how the references to death and dying in Gen 2–3 should be understood. Here I bring the scholarly discussion up to date by summarizing significant views from the last decade. I then present a threefold argument for the conclusion that the type of death with which YHWH threatens the man in the story is imminent physical death—not metaphorical death or the loss of immortality. First, YHWH's statement to the man prohibiting any eating from the tree of knowledge fits the model of Neo-Babylonian conditional verdicts issued in an administrative context. Such verdicts contained penalties that were to be imposed very soon after the commission of any wrongdoing and that could be reduced in severity. Second, other biblical occurrences of expressions like [inline-graphic 01] ("you will die") show that the expression in Gen 2:17 most likely represents an ordinary death sentence. Third, the text's treatment of knowledge and immortality, the two chief characteristics of divinity in the story, supports this overall understanding. The death penalty is not carried out, but the possibility that the original penalty could be changed was part of the nature of conditional verdicts. Thus, in the end, YHWH imposes on the man and the woman punishments less severe than death.

Echoes of Rachel’s Weeping: Intertextuality and Trauma in Jer. 31:15

Abstract The image of Rachel’s inconsolable weeping for her lost children in Jer. 31:15 presents a specific kind of response to a cultural trauma. As this paper argues, understanding this response is enriched both by analyzing the extra-textual literary strategy of the passage itself and by engaging in an intertextual reading of the ancient text with a contemporary artistic response to trauma. By means of an allusion to Genesis 37, Jer. 31:15 makes a case both for the continued existence of the people of Israel and for the legitimacy of experiencing the exile as a metaphorical death. What Jer. 31:15 accomplishes textually for a sixth century BCE Judean audience, the Witness Blanket accomplishes in a visual medium for threatened Canadian native cultures. Both texts stage a protest against the threat to the continued existence of culture by asserting the persistent potency of its cultural symbols.

Deadly Desires, Dubious Pleasures – Grievability, Status, and the Subjection of Female Autonomy in Eliza Haywood’s Love in Excess (1719)

ABSTRACT Following recent feminist scholarship on Haywood and specifically Love in Excess (1719), this article re-reads Haywood’s first novel intersectionally, combining the established focus on female desire with questions of social status, financial independence, and what Judith Butler has called grievability (2009; 2015). Thus diversifying the notion of “women” in the text, and taking up Kathryn R. King’s suggestion that some of Haywood’s representations are “undeniably misogynistic” (2012), I inquire into the politics of rewarding and punishing female desire and how the novel registers the suffering and loss of women with specific positionalities. Indeed, it is a significant though overlooked aspect that the women who are particularly socially and financially independent – and pursue beau Count D’Elmont with greatest force and cleverness, i.e. Alovysa, Melantha, Ciamara, and Violetta – are far from rewarded: they are killed (Alovysa), married off pregnant to save their reputation (disappearance from the novel and metaphorical death; Melantha), commit suicide (Ciamara), and die of an unspecified illness (Violetta). Reading the novel for its treatment of femininities deemed “too audacious” and “too excessive,” and inquiring into the underlying dynamics of gendered power, I explore the extent to which Haywood renders the subjection of female autonomy not only acceptable, but gratifying.

Bennett, intention and the DDE – The sophisticated bomber as pseudo-problem

Arguing against the doctrine of double effect, Bennett claims that the terror bomber only intends to make his victims appear dead. An obvious reply is that he intends to make them appear dead by killing them. I argue that the alleged refutations of this reply rest on a mistaken test question to determine what an agent intends, as Bennett's own test question confirms, and that Bennett is misled by confusing metaphorical death and literal death. Moreover, Bennett's argument is half-hearted anyway, and going the whole way would not only undermine the DDE but also Quinn's revision of it.

The Orientation of Poetic Labor in Auden's 'In Memory of W.B. Yeats' and Yeats's 'The Circus Animals' Desertion'

SCHOLARS have noted intriguing echoes of Yeats’s language in Auden’s poetry, and in a few cases they have discovered pointed allusions to specific poems.1 Joost Daalder suggests that this approach holds further potential: ‘[W]e may … not have found everything that there is to find.’2 Following Daalder’s hint, this present investigation of Auden’s ‘In Memory of W.B. Yeats’ (a meditation on poets, poetry, and poetic work written one month after Yeats’s death) reveals an especially striking imitation of Yeats’s style and thought. Portraying Yeats as a master labourer who writes poetry for and in a troubled world, Auden suggests that the centrepiece of Yeats’s legacy is his wisdom about poetic labour. Emphasizing the physical nature of that poetic labour, Auden harks back to the ancient conception of the poet (in Latin, poeta) as maker.3 Scholars have found aspects of Yeats’s style in Auden’s elegy and have even indicated the possibility of allusions,4 Samuel Hynes naming it ‘the most Yeatsian of Auden’s poems’;5 nevertheless, no one has yet explored the elegy’s compelling resonance with ‘The Circus Animals’ Desertion,’ a connection that draws out the idea of poetic labour as embodied art. Alluding to Yeats’s poem, particularly at the end of ‘In Memory of W.B. Yeats’, Auden depicts poetic work as a journey down into the physical life (a metaphorical death suggested by the literal death of Yeats) followed by an ascent toward spiritual vision.

Jacques Khalip, Anonymous Life: Romanticism and DispossessionAnonymous Life: Romanticism and Dispossession. Jacques Khalip. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009. Pp. xi+235.

<i>Jacques Khalip</i>, Anonymous Life: Romanticism and Dispossession<i>Anonymous Life: Romanticism and Dispossession</i>. Jacques Khalip. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009. Pp. xi+235.

Women's Legal Identity in the Context of Gothic Effacement: Mary Wollstonecraft's Maria or The Wrongs of Woman and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper

This essay will analyze how the Gothic representation of wives imprisoned, effaced and even killed by their husbands, literalizes and thereby demystifies the legal abstraction of coverture. Under this legal principle, the wife became an unperson, because her legal identity was “covered” by that of her husband. Through a literal or metaphorical death (enclosure in a castle, convent or a madhouse), the Gothic genre portrays the civil death and the effacement of women's legal identity. The trope of the dangerous male relative (mainly the father or the husband) reflects the patriarchal legal reality responsible for the social death of the woman. Specific attention will be devoted to the novel Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft (posthumously published in 1798), in which Wollstonecraft deconstructs the ideology of marriage by which women are exchangeable commodities and are denied their natural rights, and uses the sexualized female body as a revolutionary medium of communication; the essay will then analyze Catherine Perkins Gilmore's The Yellow Wallpaper (1892), in which the protagonist, enclosed in a room of a country mansion, entrusts her denounce of the punitive, patriarchal set of institutions that require and actually effect the suppression of women's autonomy and self-expression to her writings (her book of evidence), thus claiming her own individual voice and her struggle for the preservation of her identity.

‘Transit’ and ‘Suspension’: Migration Management or the Metamorphosis of Asylum-Seekers into ‘Illegal’ Immigrants

This article explores the historical construction of the ‘transit country’ as one answer to the perceived loss of control over migration that governments of the developed North have increasingly felt. A frenzy of re-conceptualisations has taken place over the past 20 years, leading to a discourse—unquestioned and accepted by policy-makers and many academics—of Migration Management. A consequence of the evolution of Migration Management is captured by the notion of ‘suspension’, which often refers to either the physical or the metaphorical death of a certain minority of illegal migrants. However, I argue that such ‘suspended’ illegal migrants have the capacity to reinvent themselves precisely because they are outside the realm of juridico-political categorisation and enumeration.

Fraud and money laundering: the evolving criminalization of corporate non‐compliance

PurposeThe Corporate Veil is seen not only as a means of limiting individual civil legal liability but also criminal liability. This paper seeks to highlight that this philosophy is fast approaching breaking point, and practices which once may have been considered “just business” are now considered criminal. Innocuous companies, their directors and officers have all of a sudden become sitting ducks for criminal prosecution and asset seizure. Corporations potentially risk metaphorical death sentences: their human controllers being labelled and treated as common criminals and accordingly disgraced, incarcerated and confiscated of a lifetime of accumulated wealth. This paper targets the “directing minds and wills” of companies and aims to invoke thought and action on redefining the notion of corporate compliance.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of recent innovations in mostly UK law regarding fraud and money laundering, with historical comparisons to show the changing community and legal perceptions – “the evolution”. There is also case study analysis and recent examples of community attitudes towards recent high‐profile commercial prosecutions.FindingsThat there is a definite change in how the public, lawmakers and governments perceive corporate non‐compliance, to the extent that most breaches qualify as criminal offences and that due to mutual legal assistance and incentivisation schemes, the risks to corporations and its officers are extremely high and real.Practical implicationsCorporations will need to be genuine about legal compliance beyond merely espousing platitudes and motherhood statements and more towards reinventing the compliance paradigm. This means that merely concentrating on strict legal compliance will no longer suffice. Corporations will need to establish and regularly revisit their values, with more emphasis on embedding a culture of compliance that is attuned to domestic and international community values. To choose to ignore these needs, risks the very existence of the company and also its officers being ostracised both commercially and criminally.Originality/valueTraditionally, papers on this topic tend to concentrate on strictly legal or managerial issues. This paper looks at the issue from a more criminological perspective whilst not compromising legal analysis and business pragmatism, thus allowing an integration of disciplines in a context that can be appreciated by lawyers, managers and social scientists alike.

Sporting Lives: Metaphor and Myth in American Sports Autobiographies (review)

Reviewed by: Sporting Lives: Metaphor and Myth in American Sports Autobiographies Aram Goudsouzian Sporting Lives: Metaphor and Myth in American Sports Autobiographies. By James W. Pipkin. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press. 2008. In his memoir Second Wind, the basketball legend Bill Russell describes an occasional moment of transcendence, a magic spreading over the court as ten players float in perfect rhythm. "We'd all levitate," he writes (85). The game seemed less physical than spiritual. These sublime flights eclipse any concern over winning and losing—they create arenas of self-expression, paths to self-knowledge. As James W. Pipkin explores in Sporting Lives, such descriptions reveal how athletes construct identity. He describes the themes, metaphors, and narrative techniques that govern a wide span of sports autobiographies. Pipkin first examines sports as an "echoing green," a space of eternal childhood. "All I ever wanted was to play baseball forever," wrote Willie Mays, a.k.a. the "Say Hey Kid" (27). As they embrace the pure ideal of sport for its own sake, athletes describe acceding to the authority of paternalistic coaches. They live in a pure Eden, insulated from the harsh world. This passivity has its cost. As illustrated by challenges to the sports establishment such as Jim Bouton's Ball Four, such myths may keep athletes self-centered, self-destructive, and self-unaware. Pipkin next considers "body songs," or understandings of oneself by understanding one's body. "At their best, athletes speak with their bodies: the word is made flesh," he writes (57). Athletes maintain a child's sense of physical vitality into adulthood, and many describe feelings of freedom, power, and limitless possibilities. Yet athletes read their bodies as not only subjects, but also objects. They employ the metaphor of a fine-tuned machine, or they describe playing through excruciating pain. These paradoxes create particular tensions for women and black athletes, who may be particularly sensitive to objectification. Martina Navratilova and Billie Jean King endure stigmas as mannish [End Page 177] freaks; Wilt Chamberlain and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar resent characterizations as big black monsters. Sport offers a particular freedom. It creates opportunities for creativity, clarity, and out-of-body awareness—the "magic" described by Bill Russell. Yet Pipkin shows that when playing careers end, the athletes describe a loss of youth, an alienation from the body, and a disconcerting lack of structure. Though some appreciate the freedoms inherent in leaving the sports cocoon, others describe a metaphorical death. Pipkin concludes by interpreting the four (!) autobiographies of Dennis Rodman as the embodiment of postmodern celebrity. Rodman's image contains multitudes: masculine and feminine, heterosexual stud and gay icon, self-made hero and subversive rebel, workmanlike rebounder and cross-dressing celebrity. Rodman presents himself in fluid terms, packaging himself as a commodity, his sense of self understood only through appeals to a consumer audience. Those seeking a historical understanding of the sports memoir may wish Pipkin offered more case studies like the Rodman chapter. His text-driven analysis can obscure the motives of the individual authors, the evolution of the sports and book industries, and the political ramifications of the athletes' self-presentations. Sporting Lives nevertheless describes themes that pervade autobiographies across the twentieth century, and these insights will benefit all scholars of sport. Aram Goudsouzian University of Memphis Copyright © 2009 Mid-America American Studies Association

The Life and Death of a Metaphor, or the Metaphysics of Metaphor

This paper addresses two issues: (1) what it is for a metaphor to be either alive or dead and (2) what a metaphor must be in order to be either alive or dead. Both issues, in turn, bear on the contemporary debate whether metaphor is a pragmatic or semantic phenomenon and on the dispute between Contextualists and Literalists. In the first part of the paper, I survey examples of what I take to be live metaphors and dead metaphors in order to establish that there is a phenomenon here to be explained. I then propose an explanation of metaphorical vitality (and by implication of metaphorical death) in terms of the dependence of the interpretation of a metaphor on a family or network of expressions specific to its context of utterance. I then argue that only a Literalist account of metaphor — one that posits metaphorical expressions (a la Stern (2000))— and not Contextualist and Gricean approaches can accommodate this explanation. Finally, I discuss some objections to my Literalist account and sketch an explanation of types to counter Platonistic objections to my metaphorical

A semiótica de um enterro prematuro: o feminismo em uma era pós-feminista

Neste artigo, exploro as representações da morte do feminismo para compreender os significados maiores que cercam as declarações do fim simbólico do feminismo. Começarei investigando dois mecanismos pelos quais a morte do feminismo é produzida para expor os valores implícitos dos tanatófilos do feminismo. Depois considerarei versões rivais dos "signos da morte", de forma a explorar como as suposições peculiares sobre a ontologia do feminismo estão presas a formas específicas de morte metafórica. Dado o tipo particular de distorção implicada no enterro prematuro de um feminismo global florescente, a seção final do artigo situa o contemporâneo dobrar dos sinos pela morte do feminismo no contexto de uma história gendrada de práticas de enterro em vida. Através da escavação e da interpretação de tais práticas arcaicas, relacionarei o enterro retórico do feminismo contemporâneo a um esforço contínuo para minar as lutas feministas por justiça social.