Metals In Aquatic Plants Research Articles

Responses in Plant Growth and Root Exudates of Pistia stratiotes under Zn and Cu Stress.

At present, the situation regarding heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments is becoming more and more serious. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic plants causes obvious phytotoxicity, which can also induce secondary pollution in the aquatic environment. Zinc and copper, as indispensable elements for plant growth, are also prominent heavy metals in water pollution in China, and their concentrations play a crucial role in plant growth. In this study, we investigated the response of Pistia stratiotes (P. stratiotes) to different concentrations of Zn and Cu, and the results showed that plant growth and photosynthesis were inhibited under both Zn (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) and Cu (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg/L) stresses. The relative growth rates of P. stratiotes under 8 mg/L Zn or 1 mg/L Cu stress were 6.33% and 6.90%, which were much lower than those in the control group (10.86%). Meanwhile, Zn and Cu stress caused insignificant change in the relative water contents of plants. The decrease in phlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll contents suggested the significant photoinhibition of Zn and Cu stress. Chemical analysis of plant root exudates showed that the root secretion species obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) mainly included amino acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and more. Compared with the control group, the influence of Zn or Cu on the reduction in relative amounts of exudates was greater than that on the increase. The results of this study provide important data for the utilization of P. stratiotes in heavy metal-polluted water environments.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice and Aquatic Plants Used as Human Food: A General Review.

Aquatic ecosystems are contaminated with heavy metals by natural and anthropogenic sources. Whilst some heavy metals are necessary for plants as micronutrients, others can be toxic to plants and humans even in trace concentrations. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems and can invariably affect human health. Rice, a staple diet of many nations, and other aquatic plants used as vegetables in many countries, can bioaccumulate heavy metals when they grow in contaminated aquatic environments. These metals can enter the human body through food chains, and the presence of heavy metals in food can lead to numerous human health consequences. Heavy metals in aquatic plants can affect plant physicochemical functions, growth, and crop yield. Various mitigation strategies are being continuously explored to avoid heavy metals entering aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the levels of heavy metals in rice and aquatic plants grown for food in contaminated aquatic environments is important. Further, it is imperative to adopt sustainable management approaches and mitigation mechanisms. Although narrowly focused reviews exist, this article provides novel information for improving our understanding about heavy metal accumulation in rice and aquatic plants, addressing the gaps in literature.

Accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic vegetation of the Barguzin River

This study is devoted to the analysis of the distribution of heavy metals in the aquatic system of the Barguzin River. This is one of the largest rivers of the Baikal lake system. The element composition of the aerial scion of Potamogeton pectinatus L. (syn. Stukenia pectinata (L.) Borner), Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Hippuris vulgaris L. and Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmelin) O. Kuntze of the Barguzin River is studied in this research. One of the main results of the study is the establishment of the following sequence of the accumulation of metals in aquatic plants: Mn > Fe > Сu (Zn) > Сr > Ni > Сo > Pb > Cd > Hg. Hippuris vulgaris L. contains the highest concentration of the studied metals. Thus, this research provides one of the important steps for the development of regional environmental standards and environmental risk assessments.

Assessment of heavy metals distribution in Barguzin River aquatic system (Lake Baikal basin)

This study is devoted to the analysis of the distribution of heavy metals in the aquatic system of the Barguzin River. This is one of the largest rivers of the Baikal basin. The element composition of surface water, bottom sediments, water plants ( L., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Hippuris vulgaris L., Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmelin) O. Kuntze) and fish (Abramis brama, Cyprinus rubrofuscus, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus lacustris) of the Barguzin River is studied. The following sequence of the accumulation of metals in aquatic plants: Mn > Fe > u (Zn) > r > Ni > o > Pb > Cd > Hg is established. Hippuris vulgaris L. contains the highest concentration of the studied metals. In the distribution of metals over the body of the studied fish species the following sequence Zn Fe> Cu Mn Cr > Pb> Ni Cd> Hg is observed. There is an accumulation of zinc, manganese and chromium in fish scales, and iron, lead in the liver. The obtained data of the distribution of heavy metals broadens and clarify the understanding of the biochemical characteristics of aquatic system components. This research provides one of the important steps for the development of environmental standards and environmental risk assessments.

Effects of cadmium, inorganic mercury and methyl-mercury on the physiology and metabolomic profiles of shoots of the macrophyte Elodea nuttallii

Macrophytes are known to bioaccumulate metals, but a thorough understanding of tolerance strategies and molecular impact of metals in aquatic plants is still lacking. The present study aimed to compare Hg and Cd effects in a representative macrophyte, Elodea nuttallii using physiological endpoints and metabolite profiles in shoots and cytosol.Exposure 24 h to methyl-Hg (30 ng L−1), inorganic Hg (70 ng L−1) and Cd (280 μg L−1) did not affect photosynthesis, or antioxidant enzymes despite the significant accumulation of metals, confirming a sublethal stress level. In shoots, Cd resulted in a higher level of regulation of metabolites than MeHg, while MeHg resulted in the largest number of regulated metabolites and IHg treatment regulated no metabolites significantly. In cytosol, Cd regulated more metabolites than IHg and only arginine, histidine and mannose were reduced by MeHg exposure. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of data suggested that exposure to MeHg resulted in biochemical changes including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, while the treatment of Cd stress caused significant variations in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and branched-chain amino acids pathways. Data supports an impact of MeHg on N homeostasis, while Cd resulted in an osmotic stress-like pattern and IHg had a low impact. Marked differences in the responses to MeHg and IHg exposure were evidenced, supporting different molecular toxicity pathways and main impact of MeHg on non-soluble compartment, while main impact of IHg was on soluble compartment. Metabolomics was used for the first time in this species and proved to be very useful to confirm and complement recent knowledge gained by transcriptomics and proteomics, highlighting the high interest of multi-omics approaches to identify early impact of environmental pollution.

Bioaccumulation in Miscanthus sacchariflorus grown on cadmium-contaminated sediments: a comparative study between submerged and non-submerged environments

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic plants is significantly affected by hydrological regime and therefore the accumulation and translocation of cadmium in five organs—panicle, leaf, stem, root, and bud—of an emergent plant (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) were compared between the submerged environment and non-submerged environment. In the submerged condition, the cadmium concentration was higher in the panicle and leaf than in the stem, root, and bud. Cadmium concentration in the root exhibited a positive regression with cadmium concentration in the sediment. However, cadmium concentration in the panicle, leaf, stem, and bud exhibited no significant regression with cadmium concentration in the sediment. In the non-submerged environment, the cadmium concentration was higher in the below-ground organs than in the aboveground organs. The mean bioaccumulation coefficient in the 24 investigated plots in the submerged environment was higher than that in the 20 and 40 mg kg−1 cadmium treatments in the non-submerged environment. The mean translocation factor in the submerged environment was nine times higher than that in non-submerged environment. These results indicate that submergence enhanced cadmium bioaccumulation in the aboveground organs and that this plant can be used to remove heavy metals from polluted rivers and lakes.

Study on metal accumulation in aquatic plants of Cuciurgan cooling reservoir

The biomass of plants from the Cuciurgan cooling reservoir of the Moldovan Thermal Power Plant is dependent on the reservoir thermofication and bore considerable modifications. The contents of many metals in aquatic plants were highly correlated with their contents in water: r=0,87-0,91. The dynamics of trace element accumulation depends on seasonal factors. From the beginning of spring to the end of summer and beginning of autumn, the concentrations of trace elements increased by large increments, while with the decrease in temperature below 10 o C, an opposite effect was observed. After plant death, a significant part of accumulated trace elements are released into the water, in the most cases this being associated with organic compounds. More than one half of the amount of trace elements is deposited with the decaying plants in the bottom sediments. Therefore, difficulties may arise, while identifying the role of aquatic plants in biogenic migration of metals in aquatic ecosystems and water purification processes.

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN BIOTA OF VYRLYTSA LAKE

Abstract. The main task was to investigate the pollution by heavy metals of biota of Vyrlytsa Lake. Thecontents of movable forms of heavy metals in aquatic plants, fish and snails was determined by atomicabsorbtion method and were made the conclusions about general state of the water object.Keywords: heavy metals, accumulation, biota, pollution, atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Toxic metals in aquatic plants surviving in surface water polluted by copper mining industry

Concentrations of the metals Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn, as well as the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were measured in water, sediments, and the aquatic macrophytes Potamogeton pectinatus and Myriophyllum spicatum, growing in surface water receiving sewages and solid wastes from a copper smelter and a copper ore processing factory located in the Legnica-Glogow copper district in Southwest Poland. The deposition of mineral wastes in this area belong to the largest repository in Europe. The plants were able to survive at heavily contaminated sites. The concentrations of Cd (up to 0.6–1.7 μg/L in water and up to 10.1–12.9 mg/kg in sediments), Cu (up to 29–48 μg/L in water and up to 4.6–5.6 g/kg in sediments), Pb (up to 1.5–2.2 g/kg in sediments), and Zn (up to 167–200 μg/L in water and up to 1.4–1.8 g/kg in sediments) seriously exceeded background values. P. pectinatus was able to survive tissue concentrations (in mg/kg) of up to 920 Cu, 6240 Mn, 98 Co, and 59 Ni, while M. spicatum survived tissue concentrations up to 1040 Cu, 6660 Mn, and 57 Co for. Enrichment ratios of elements in plant tissue and in water were much higher than those between plant tissue and sediments.

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Plants and Sediments from Water Systems in Macedonia, Greece

Heavy metal concentrations were surveyed in several species of aquatic macrophytes and in sediments of a lake and four rivers from Macedonia, northern Greece. Acid digestion of sediments and plant material and the subsequent use of atomic absorption spectrometry were the analytical methodologies followed for the analysis. Values were variable within each species while differences in metal contamination among the studied water ecosystem were also found. The lake was less contaminated than the rivers, the contamination of which is dependent on the metal species. Sediment had greater Cu, Pb, and Ni contamination than the aquatic plants, whereas the reverse was the case for Zn, Cd, and Mn. The mean heavy metal contents of the sediments and aquatic plants were in the descending order of Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd, whereas in the accumulation of metals by plant tissues, the corresponding order was root > rhizomes > leaf > flower > stem > seed.

Heavy metals in aquatic plants, clams, and sediments from the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. implications for waterfowl

Dry weight concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were measured in clams, submerged aquatic macrophytes and sediments from several locations in the Chesapeake Bay region. Clam species included Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, and Rangia cuneata; plant taxa included Najas spp., Potamogeton spp., Ruppia maritima, Vallisneria americana, and Zostera marina. Cadmium and lead concentrations were generally greater in whole plants than in soft tissues of clams, while the reverse was true for zinc; no marked trend was observed in copper concentrations. These results suggest that the changes occurring in the food habits of some Chesapeake Bay waterfowl towards increased clam utilization as a result of declining submerged plant abundances is not increasing ingestion of the nonessential metals cadmium and lead. Highest lead, copper and zinc concentrations were observed in sediments from the Patapsco River, which is probably due to the proximity of Baltimore Harbor. Highest cadmium concentrations were observed in sediments in the Port Tobacco River, a tributary of the Potomac River. These observations were generally consistent with high concentrations of the respective metal(s) in biota from these locations. Concentrations of the four metals in sediments were highly correlated to organic matter content.

COMPARISON OF HEAVY METALS IN AQUATIC PLANTS ON CHARITY ISLAND, SAGINAW BAY, LAKE HURON, U.S.A., WITH PLANTS ALONG THE SHORELINE OF SAGINAW BAY

The concentrations of 15 heavy metals in aquatic plants on Charity Island was compared to those in plants on the shoreline of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, U.S.A. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by neutron activation analysis. Charity Island was found to have significantly higher levels of nine of fifteen metals investigated. This indicates that distance from known pollution source was not the only factor affecting the heavy metal accumulation of the aquatic plants.

Comparison of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Plants on Charity Island, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, U.S.A., with Plants Along the Shoreline of Saginaw Bay

Comparison of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Plants on Charity Island, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, U.S.A., with Plants Along the Shoreline of Saginaw Bay

Factors affecting the distribution of trace elements in aquatic plants Waterhyacinth

Those factors that affect the uptake and distribution of trace metals in aquatic plants are considered and include solubility, utilization and alteration of solubility by naturally occurring chelating agents. The waterhyacinth, which infests waterways in considerable sections of the world, has been used as a model system and the distribution of selected trace metals in three different parts (leaves, stems and roots) of the plant has been determined. Relative concentrations of five metals in the three segments have been related to the solubility (as log K sp of the metal carbonate. Inorganic carbon is likely to be a dominant species in natural waters, though the correlation was tested with solubilities of the sulfates, hydroxides and phosphates, and none correlated as well as a group. The correlation of relative distribuion of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium and manganese in plant segments was valid for plants taken from two different rivers at three different times. The correlation did not apply to cobalt(II), and solubility data for cobalt(III) carbonate were not available.