Metal Punching Research Articles

Wound Healing Effect of Lippia sidoides and Myracrodruon urundeuva Nanogel.

Wound healing is a natural regenerative response to tissue injury and the conventional treatments consists of the use wound dressings with local administration of medicines, but, in some cases, are only partially effective and limited by toxicity or ineffective anti-microbial protection. Medicinal plants such as Lippia sidoides and Myracrodruon urundeuva have shown interesting pharmacological activities, allied to this, the association of these medicinal plants and nanotechnology, could mean an advantage in relation to classical approach. This study investigated the effect of a nanogel loaded with Lippia sidoides essential oil and Myracrodruon urundeuva extract (NAA) in an excisional wound healing model in rats. Animals were anesthetized and skin wounds were made using a metal punch. The groups were treated with vehicle, NAA or collagenase gel, for 7, 14 or 21 days and then sacrificed for tissue analysis. NAA did not show acute dermal irritation, further significantly reduced (p<0.05) the final wound area, accelerated the wound contraction and organization of collagen in the group treated for 14 days. The data presented here demonstrate the therapeutic potential for the use of nanotechnology associated with medicinal plants and provides evidence that corroborate with the use of L. sidoides and M. urundeuva as healing medicinal plants.

Simulation of metal punching and trimming using minimal experimental characterization

Simulation of metal punching and trimming using minimal experimental characterization

Investigation of Sheet Thickness and Punch Force in Die Surface Angled Hydro-mechanical Deep Drawing Method

In this study, the effect of die surface angled hydro-mechanical deep drawing method (HMDDM) on sheet metal cup wall thickness and punch force was investigated as experimental and numerical analysis. In the works, 0.9 mm thick DIN EN 10130-1999 sheet metal material was used. The effect of variables on the test results was investigated by using die surface/blank holder angle, punch nose radius, die shoulder radius, chamber pressure and blank holder force as experimental parameters. Numerical analysis experiments were carried out using ANSYS 15.0 package program. Besides, experiments were performed according to the Taguchi experiment plan and L18 orthogonal array. The obtained data were analysed statistically by ANOVA analysis of variance in MINITAB 17.0 package program, and the effect of each parameter on the results was determined as a percentage. As a result, it was determined that the thinning was approximately 15% at most and the thickening was 10%.

Development of IoT Based Pneumatic Punching Machine

Building effective industrial systems are now possible with the help of the Internet of Things abbreviated as IoT. In nowadays automatic systems are recommended over manual systems. IoT is the latest and rising internet technology. IoT is a developing network of everyday products, from industrial machinery to consumer goods which exchange information and carry out tasks while consumers are attending to other responsibilities. A machine tool is used to punch sheet metals to increase the static stability of the section of the sheet. The movement of the piston in the pneumatic punching machine is from the compressed air which generates high pressure on the piston. The focus of this project is on the development of an IoTenabled sheet metal punching machine. The main objective of this project is to develop an IoT-based pneumatic punching machine that is capable of monitoring the production parameters of the pneumatic punching machine through an easily manageable web interface. Additionally this technology is innovative in that it allows the control of the punching machine through the Internet of Things as well as the tracking of production data or production values.

Large deflection of foam-filled Y-shape sandwich beams under lateral loading

Under lateral load, this article aims to discuss the large deflection and yield criterion of Y-shape sandwich beams filled with foam. Considering the effect of metal foam strength, a yield criterion of Y-shape sandwich structure filled with foam is proposed. An analytical solution for large deflection of clamped foam-filled Y-shape sandwich beam under lateral load is derived using yield criterion, considering the interaction between stretching and bending due to large deflection. The corresponding numerical calculation of sandwich beams under lateral load is carried out. It is shown that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the calculated results. The effects of metal foam strength, face-sheet thickness and punch width on large deflection are studied in detail. The results show that the analytical model could predict the large deflection of foam-filled Y-shaped sandwich beam under lateral load really well.

Fabrication of Pneumatic Punching and Bending Machine Powered by Solar Panel

The sheet metal is majorly used in automobile and medical platforms. These are used in several places mainly, in small scale industries because the cost of hydraulic machine is not affordable in small scale industries. It gives major advantage in cost reduction. Therefore, many small scale and medium scale industries involving in sheet metal operations, punching, and bending works. This process is done by using compressor so the pressurized air is used in the process. This concept is used in construction and mechanical industries. Small scale mechanical industries and others which change sheet metal into various shapes by many operations such as cutting, punching, bending, blanking, trimming etc. Using different machining as per our search there is no machine which has bending and punching machine. The main drawback of this process is which is not having continuous power supply so we have concluded to make a supporting machine which can do both bending &amp; punching operations in a same machine by using solar energy in this method we can overcome the lack of continuous power supply.

Effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes on the healing of infected skin wounds.

Tissue engineering focuses on wound healing and tissue regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix containing cytokines, growth factors and cells that are gradually released into the wound over time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRF membranes on wound repair and microbial control in infected wounds. Skin wounds were performed on the dorsum of rats using a 6mm diameter metal punch. The defects were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 12/each) accordingly to the treatment: G1, noninfected wound filled only with clot; G2, noninfected wound with PRF; G3, infected wound (S. aureus) without PRF; G4, infected wound (S. aureus) with PRF. After 7 and 14days, macroscopic and histological analyses of the wounds were performed. Furthermore, the quantification of β-defensin in PRF was measured by ELISA. At 14days, the groups with PRF (G2 and G4) had wound sizes significantly smaller than the original defects (6mm) (p < 0.05) and significantly smaller than those not treated with PRF, in both the infected and noninfected groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the groups with infected wounds (G3 and G4) demonstrated a significantly lower inflammation score in the PRF group than in the noninfected groups (p < 0.05). In vitro analysis of β-defensin was performed in all PRF membrane groups, and the median value was 1.444pg/mL. PRF in the wounds of both control and infected rats played an important role in the modulation of tissue healing, most notably in infected sites.

Evaluation of the Microbiological Effect of Colloidal Nanosilver Solution for Root Canal Treatment.

Background: The goal of endodontic treatment, along with the preparation of the root canal and giving it a shape corresponding to the obturation technique, is the drug treatment of the canal. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of a colloidal solution of nanosilver at its various dilutions on root canal microorganism. Materials and methods: A solution of silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 10,000 ppm (1.0%) was diluted in various concentrations (10 solutions from 1% to 0.0025%). Cultures used for research: Str. agalacticae ATCC 3984, E. faecalis ATCC 323, St. aureus ATCC 4785, C. albicans ATCC 10231. After thawing, cultures of microorganisms were introduced into a liquid nutrient medium: cerebral heart broth for bacterial cultures and Sabouraud broth for C. albicans. The cultivation was carried out at a temperature of 37 °C for 24 h. A bacterial suspension for inoculation was prepared from a microbial sediment according to a turbidity standard of 0.5 McFarland in saline. Then, 100 μL of the obtained suspension of microorganisms was inoculated by the “lawn” method using a spatula on the Muller–Hinton medium. Solutions of silver nanoparticles were introduced into wells prepared in agar with a sterile metal punch. Further incubation was carried out for 24 h at 37 °C. Results: colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, 0.5% inhibited the growth of Str. agalacticae ATCC 3984 with a growth retardation zone of 6–7 mm. The E. faecalis ATCC 29212 strain was sensitive to solutions of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, 0.5% with a growth inhibition zone of 6–7 mm. Strain St. aureus 4785 demonstrated sensitivity to solutions of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05% with a growth retardation zone of 6-8 mm. Conclusion: colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial action against gram-positive bacteria (Str.agalacticae ATCC 3984, St. aureus ATCC 4785, E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans 672 and C. albicans D-225M), but this action is strain-specific and depends on the concentration of the solution.

Evaluation of the scientific activity of the leaf of the species Campomanesia pubescens in wound model infected by Staphylococcus aureus

There is an increasing interest in the use of herbal remedies as healing agents, due to their lower cost in relation to other drugs and the vast Brazilian fauna. The objective of this research was to evaluate the cicatrization effect of the guariroba leaf (Campomanesia pubescens) on the healing of infected wounds. We used 45 Wistar rats, distributed in five groups (n = 9) all with surgically induced skin injury, differing in the presence of contamination and treatment, with evaluation periods of 3, 7 and 14 days, being: G1- negative control without contamination, treated with Physiological Solution 0.9%; G2- control with contamination, treated with Physiological Solution 0.9%; G3 negative with contamination, treated with Carbopol in 0.5% gel; G4- positive control with contamination, treated with Colagenase at 0.6 U / g + 0.01 g Chloramphenicol; G5- positive test with contamination treated with Campomanesia pubescens at 3%, whose vehicle was Carbopol at 0.5%. The wound was made with a metal punch 8 mm in diameter, and a cutaneous fragment was removed from the animals' backs and wound infection was applied to S. aureus in groups G2 to G5. Euthanasia was performed for a lethal dose of anesthetic, and the edges of the wounds were removed for histopathological study. The fibrinoleukocytic crust was present in all animals in the groups of 3, 7 and 14 days. The contraction of the wound was also evaluated, and all groups showed low percentage of wound regression in the 3-day treatment and with 14 days presented a high percentage of regression. Of the 5 groups, the only one that presented complete epithelialization was G5. Of the 5 groups, the ones with the best epithelialization were G4 and G5. The group with the highest amount of mature collagen fibers was G4, followed by G5, and the one with the highest proportion of immature fibers was G1. At the end of the experiment, G4 was the group that gained the most weight and G1 the one that had the lowest weight gain. Guariroba leaf extract (Campomanesia pubescens) was able to promote healing in infected skin wounds similar to the group treated with antibiotics.

Recycling of Primary Lithium Batteries Production Residues.

Production waste of primary lithium batteries constitutes a considerable secondary lithium feedstock. Although the recycling of lithium batteries is a widely studied field of research, the metallic residues of non‐rechargeable lithium battery production are disposed of as waste without further recycling. The risks of handling metallic Li on a large scale typically prevent the metal from being recycled. A way out of this situation is to handle Li in an aqueous solution, from where it can be isolated as Li2CO3. However, the challenge in hydrometallurgical treatment lies in the high energy release during dissolution and generation of H2. To reduce these process‐related risks, the Li sheet metal punching residues underwent oxidative thermal treatment from 300 to 400 °C prior to dissolution in water. Converting Li metal to Li2O in this initial process step results in an energy release reduction of ∼70 %. The optimal oxidation conditions have been determined by experimental design varying three factors: temperature, Li metal sheet thickness, and residence time. With 96.9±2.6 % almost the entire Li amount is converted to Li2O, after 2.5 h treatment at 400 °C for a Li sheet thickness of 1.99 mm. Final precipitation with CO2 yields 85.5±3.0 % Li2CO3. Using pure Li sheets, the product Li2CO3 is obtained in battery‐grade quality (>99.5 %). Non‐precipitated Li is recirculated into the process on the stage of dissolving Li2O, thus avoiding loss of material.

Analytical, numerical and experimental analysis of double collar collet chuck holder by combined extrusion and forging processes

The present paper confers about design and analysis of double collar collet chuck holder (DCCCH) by combined extrusion and forging (CEF) process. The current work addresses the problem to estimate the parameters such as metal flow, heat transfer, friction, punch load and ram speed during the CEF process. It should be noted that complexity of shape and volume of the material are two major constitutes which ensign motivation for the present work. In this context, framework of the present in-situ focus on estimation of aforementioned parameters which enables us to develop complex shapes with minimal material wastage using CEF process. Henceforth followed by analytical and numerical solutions have been developed adjacent to the experimental procedure.

A blacksmith's tale: use of a rare earth magnet to facilitate safe removal of a metallic fragment from the face.

A 48-year-old blacksmith presented to A&E after sustaining facial injuries while operating a metal punch press. Radiographs revealed the presence of a metallic foreign body within the cheek, but this was clinically impalpable. By using a neodymium rare earth magnet extraorally, it was possible to identify the position of the fragment several centimetres lateral to the entry wound. Triangulation of the fragment's position allowed retrieval under local anaesthetic through the original penetration wound, without need for cross sectional imaging or extensive exploration under general anaesthetic. This case highlights an application for magnets in detection and removal of impalpable metallic foreign bodies embedded in superficial soft tissues.

Effect of Stamping Clearance in Rapid CNC Punching of WPC Sheets

Wood Plastic Composites are gaining momentum due to their ability to contain recycled materials. The material usage is mostly limited to extruded deck profiles. This paper investigated if punching tools typically used in sheet metal stamping could be directly utilized in feasible post-processing of WPC sheets to enable a wider array of WPC products. A set of punches and dies with variable clearances and various punching speeds were tested and the results were investigated using 3D measurement macroscope. The results indicated that typical sheet metal punch clearances and speeds are suitable for WPC materials with some material specific considerations.

Design and Analysis of Progressive Die for Chain Link Plate

Progressive die follows a sequence of processes in a single die at two or more stations. Design of progressive die is an essential phase in sheet metal manufacturing. Small error at any workplace causes huge manufacturing downtime due to die failure. In this analysis, current die design has low production rate when using multiple stations for sheet metalworking. Each process produced by multiple stations, which increases the loss of time. However, the choice of proper materials for sheet metal plate has become one of the vital features of progressive die design. Due to its long die life has become a requirement for lowering the cost of sheet metal mechanisms. The punch has very short life cycles. The purpose of this paper is to design a new 3D modelling of sheet metal forming die, to optimise a new chain link plate material to improve the performance of the punch component and to analyse the sheet metal punch to increase the punch lifetime cycle. The analysis was conducted by using ABAQUS/CAE to analyse the maximum and minimum stress of punch. The materials used are stainless steel, nickel plate and mild steel. The result of maximum stress obtained from ABAQUS/CAE is used in stress-lifetime prediction calculation. Based on the theory of stress-lifetime prediction, the lower the stress required to deform a material, the longer the life cycle of the punch. From this calculation, we can identify which material is the most suitable for chain link plate production.

Simulation of thin-sheet metal blanking and punching by elastic mediums

The paper describes the processes of thin-sheet workpiece blanking/punching using an elastic tool in an open and closed container. Finite element models are constructed, which describe the process of separation of the workpiece by an elastic workplace tool. A comparative analysis of the geometrical dimensions of the workpieces obtained as a result of theoretical and experimental studies was carried out.

Efeitos da carboxiterapia na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas

INTRODUÇÃO: Novas terapêuticas para as lesões de difícil cicatrização têm-se tornado necessárias e estão sendo pesquisadas. Nesse contexto, a carboxiterapia tem se destacado pelos seus efeitos sobre a microcirculação tecidual. OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos da carboxiterapia, infusão no tecido subcutâneo de CO2 medicinal, na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas em ratos Wistars. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo experimental e quantitativo, com uma amostra de 10 animais, divididos em grupo controle e grupo carboxiterapia. Todos os animais sofreram uma lesão com punch metálico de 5mm de diâmetro na região dorsal e, o grupo com terapia, tratado por 10 dias consecutivos. A região foi fotografada em vários momentos da pesquisa e, em seguida, as imagens foram analisadas pelo software ImageJ. RESULTADOS: Na análise descritiva dos dados o GC apresentou redução progressiva da área de 0,205±0,025 para 0,155±0,017 no 3º dia, 0,109±0,034 no 7º dia e 0,028±0,092 após o 10º dia. O GCa apresentou aumento da área de 0,198±0,040 para 0,207±0,035 no 3º dia, com redução para 0,109±0,012 no 7º dia e 0,044±0,030 após o 10 dia, demonstrando ser menos eficiente na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas do que a ausência de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A carboxiterapia não mostrou resultado significativo para acelerar o processo de cicatrização de lesões cutâneas na fase aguda, sugerindo esse período como não ideal para sua utilização.

Scanning Electron Microscope Observations of Powder Sticking on Punches during a Limited Number (N

To obtain quantitative information and mechanistic insight into the problem of sticking of acetylsalicylic acid tablets on a metallic punch. Low voltage scanning electron microscopy was used to observe punch area coverage and morphology of adhered powder on a flat punch used for a limited number of compactions. Material accumulation in terms of area coverage of the punch per compaction cycle was determined at two pressures over five compactions. The distribution of the adhered material on the punch was non-uniform with more material left on the center of the punch. The sizes of the adhered particles range from 1 to 100μm, with 50% of the punch surface coverage from particles of an equivalent diameter>30μm. Three types of adhered particles were identified after the first compaction: (a) fragments of initial particles with very high aspect ratio, (b) nearly equiaxed fragments with multiple cracks, (c) heavily deformed islands of low profile. Some preliminary ideas that explain these observations are presented and discussed. The ability of SEM to provide quantitative information on sticking from few compactions presents an interesting possibility for a material sparing technique that provides insight on the propensity of sticking.

Validation of Finite Element Model used to Analyze Sheet Metal Punching Process in Automotive Part Manufacturing

Punching process is an operation that a scrap is separated from a metal sheet by a punch. Improper setting of punching conditions may lead to excessive of material deformation around edge region (burr), which may weakening the strength of produced part. Analysis of punching mechanics would be beneficial reducing defective part. One of effective analysing tool for this application is Finite Element (FE) method. The aim of this study is to develop reliable FE model for analysis of punching process. The FE model was developed based on 2D. FE result was validated with experimental testing result by comparing burr height. It was found that FE result is -1.79% difference compared to experimental result. Good agreement between FE and experimental result was obtained.

冲压成形虚拟仿真实验系统构建与关键技术研究

为了解决目前高校机械专业实验设备价格昂贵、数量少、安全性差等问题，本文构建了一套基于Unity3D技术，具有高仿真性、强交互性的冲压成形虚拟仿真实验系统。通过对模型的建立与优化、系统漫游、碰撞检测等关键技术的研究，设计了具有演示模式、操作模式、认知模式的虚拟冲压实验系统。该系统依据板料冲裁间隙实验的实验原理，详细地模拟了金属板料冲裁实验的全过程，实现了冲压实验过程演示、模具拆装展示、设备认知和实验操作，获得了较好的实验教学效果。 In order to solve the problems of high cost, low quantity, poor experimental safety of mechanical equipment in current college, a virtual punching experimental system, based on Unity3D technology, which has high-fidelity simulation and strong interaction is constructed. Virtual punching experimental system which has demonstration mode, operation mode and cognitive mode, is designed through the research on model establishment, optimization technology, system roaming and collision detection technology. According to the experimental principle of sheet punching clearance experiment, the system simulates the whole process of sheet metal punching experiment in detail, implements the punching process demonstration, mold assembly and disassembly display, equipment cognition and experimental operation, and obtains good experimental teaching results.

Pereskia aculeata Miller leaves accelerate excisional wound healing in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe leaves of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae), known as Barbados gooseberry, are used as emollients and to treat skin wounds and inflammatory process in Brazilian traditional medicine. Aim of the studyThis study investigated the topical wound healing activity of gels containing the methanol extract (ME) and hexane fraction (HF) of the leaves of this plant in a model of excisional wound healing in mice. Material and methodsMice were anesthetized and excisional skin wounds were performed using a circular metal punch of 5mm diameter. Next, the animals were treated with 30µL of topical gel formulations containing the gel base (vehicle), HF 5% or ME 5%. The treatments were applied immediately after the injury and every 48h during 14 days. To verify the wound closure kinetics, a digital caliper was used throughout this period. Laser Doppler perfusion image (LDPI) was applied to evaluate the blood flow rate at the injury site. Microscopic examination of the skin tissues was performed by histopathological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori trichrome staining. Picrosirius-red staining was also used for morphometric analysis for collagen quantification. ResultsBoth HF and ME markedly accelerated the closeness of the skin wounds; however the HF activity was more evident, as this fraction induced the increase of blood flow rate and collagen deposition when statistically compared to the vehicle. The mice skin treated with HF and ME also showed less fibroplasia, blood vessels and inflammatory cells on the last day of experiment, which indicated a more advanced wound healing process. ConclusionsAs the wound healing process was considerably accelerated, especially by HF gel formulation, the results of this study not only contributed to better understand the ethnopharmacological application of P. acuelata leaves, but also encouraged further investigations on how to explore the potential uses of this plant in skin therapies.