Nano Metal Research Articles

An Extensive Study of Metal Matrix Composites and their Various Properties for Different Uses

This study examines the creation and development of composite materials, from conventional techniques to their innovative uses in numerous industries. Composite materials that are robust, versatile, and resilient have advanced significantly, especially with the application of nanotechnology and hybrid fiber reinforcements. Composite materials are difficult to machine due to their anisotropic and non-homogeneous structure, as well as the high abrasiveness of their reinforcing parts. This typically results in the workpiece becoming damaged and the cutting tool wearing down very rapidly. On composite materials, traditional machining methods such as turning, drilling, and milling can be applied with the appropriate tool design and operating parameters. An overview of the various issues related to the conventional machining of the main types of composite materials is given in this work. This article examines novel matrix materials, forms of reinforcement, and production procedures to show how advanced metallic matrix nano composites and fiber-reinforced polymers are replacing traditional composites. Special emphasis is given to the strict manufacturing conditions in addition to the homogenous dispersion of nanoparticles and damage-free machining of fiber composite materials. The essay also discusses how sustainable alternatives, including reinforcements made of natural fibers, affect the ecosystem. This study aims to offer a comprehensive analysis and case studies.

Innovative strategies for characterizing and managing huanglongbing in citrus.

Huanglongbing is a severe citrus disease that causes significant tree and crop losses worldwide. It is caused by three Candidatus liberibacter species and spread by psyllids and infected budwood. Various methods have been used to diagnose and understand HLB, including recent advances in molecular and biochemical assays that explore the pathogen's mode of action and its impact on the host plant. Characterization is essential for developing sustainable HLB management strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly nano sensors and metal nanoparticles, shows potential for precise disease diagnosis and control. Additionally, antibiotics, nanomaterials, and genetic engineering techniques like transgenesis offer promising avenues for mitigating HLB. These diverse approaches, from conventional to cutting-edge, contribute to developing integrated HLB management strategies for sustainable citrus cultivation. The review highlights the significant advancements in conventional and advanced molecular and biochemical characterization of HLB, aiding in early detection and understanding of the infection mechanism. It emphasizes the multidimensional efforts required to characterize disease and devise innovative management strategies. As the citrus industry faces unprecedented challenges, exploring new frontiers in HLB research provides hope for sustainable solutions and a resilient future for global citrus cultivation.

The effect of scattering of phonons, size and grain boundary on electrical properties for (Co and Ni) nano metals

Abstract In this study of the electrical properties of metals (Nickel, Cobalt), we utilize the Fuchs-Sondheier model to analyse the surface scattering of electrons, commonly known as the surface scattering coefficient (p). Our findings reveal the impact of thickness on electrical resistivity for these metals. the Mayadas-Shatzkes model show speaks to all sorts of scattering that influence grain boundaries and known as grain boundary reflection coefficient (R), two of the foremost critical essential components that utilized in assessing measure impact agreeing to theoretical considers. influences electrical resistivity for Cobalt and Nickel. where the electrical characteristics of metal shift depending on the substance’s concentration (impurities, point defects and vacancies). The comes about at that point illustrated that the electrical resistivity at all temperatures increases with diminishing thickness, which shows that Cobalt and Nickel has surface scattering coefficient p(Co)=0.64, p(Ni)=0.543, Cobalt has R=0.0434 and Nickel R=0.011 as the grain boundary reflection coefficient.

Study on tool wears in turning Al2219, unhybrid and hybrid metal matrix nano composites by CCD design of experiment

In this article, Aluminum (Al2219) as a matrix, and particles of n-B4C and MoS2 were chosen as reinforcements. By means of the stir casting technique, the unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites were prepared. The turning experiment was done through CCD design of experiment with TiN coated carbide insert using a Computer Numerically Controlled Lathe. Also, for turned inserts tool wear measurement was done using a Mitutoyo profile projector with digital readout. By ANOVA the significant contribution for tool wear of each parameter can be identified and the confirmation test is performed in sort to validate the tool wear results. Furthermore, the formation of chips during turning nano MMCs (unhybrid and hybrid) are studied for different feed rates ( f) and cutting speeds ( v) at 0.5 mm constant depth of cut. The outcome showed that both increases in cutting speed and feed rate increase the tool wear. For Al 2219, unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites feed rate is the important factor. The value of tool wear of the Al2219 matrix is minimal and for unhybrid nano composite is maximum. The leading wear mechanism in unhybrid nano composite is abrasion. Moreover, with the addition of 2%MoS2 in the hybrid nanocomposite the tool wears is decreased. The development of Build Up Edge (BUE) was seen on the flank face of the cutting tool for hybrid nanocomposite at 0.5 mm depth of cut, (v = 114.64 m/min) and (f = 0.441 mm/rev). The obtained % error among the modeled and experimental values is <5% and it is well within the limit. The analysis of chip formation was studied for nanocomposites at lower as well as higher feed rates, cutting speeds, and constant depth of cut during turning.

A Review of Recent Curcumin Analogues and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities.

Curcumin, as the main active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been demonstrated with various bioactivities. However, its potential therapeutic applications are hindered by challenges such as poor solubility and bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and pan-assay interference properties. Recent advancements have aimed to overcome these limitations by developing novel curcumin analogues and modifications. This brief review critically assesses recent studies on synthesising different curcumin analogues, including metal complexes, nano particulates, and other curcumin derivatives, focused on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects of curcumin and its modified analogues. Exploring innovative curcumin derivatives offers promising strategies to address the challenges associated with its bioavailability and efficacy and valuable insights for future research directions.

In-situ prepared co exsolution nano catalyst for efficient hydrogen generation via ammonia decomposition

Active and durable catalytic material for ammonia (NH3) decomposition reaction is attracting attentions for utilization of NH3 as an innovative hydrogen carrier. In this study, diverse single metal and alloy nano catalysts are prepared via in-situ exsolution method and their NH3 decomposition properties are evaluated. Transition metal cations (Ni, Co, Fe ions) are doped into the La0.43Ca0.37MxNyTi1-(x+y)O3-δ (LCMNT) perovskite oxide structure and exsolved on its surface as supported nano particles under reduction condition. The maximum doping level and chemical composition of exsolution catalysts are investigated to optimize their NH3 decomposition activity. The exsolution catalyst demonstrates improved NH3 decomposition characteristics compared to conventionally prepared infiltration catalysts, indicating higher conversion efficiency and H2 production rate. The exsolved nano catalysts also exhibit great thermochemical stability against catalyst agglomeration or surface nitriding. The results obtained in this study suggest the potential utilization of exsolution catalysts for on-site production of H2 through NH3 decomposition catalysis.

Synthesis of innovative Daphne mucronata extract/Cu-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber as high-performance anticancer and antimicrobial agent

Nanofibers’ unique physical properties include mechanical strength, compressive strength, and high specific surface area, making them highly valuable and significant. Nanofiber can be containing nano compounds such as metal nano oxides, metal–organic framework, etc., as well as plant extracts. Plant extracts have had a special place in human life since the past and used in traditional medicine. The synthesis of new nanofibers containing plant extracts and metal–organic framework was the idea that we focused on it. For this purpose, Daphne mucronata extract and copper metal–organic framework, considering the high biological properties were used. For the synthesis of Daphne mucronata extract/Cu-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber, electrospinning method and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used. The final product’s structure was examined and verified using XRD (X-Ray diffraction analysis), EDAX (Energy dispersive X-ray analysis), CHNO EA (Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen elemental analysis), SEM (Scanning electron microscope images), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), contact angle (Hydrophilic properties), mechanical strength and compressive strength. The specific surface area of the synthesized nanofiber and the diameter size of the synthesized particles were observed to be area 1102 m2/g and 80 nm, respectively. High hydrophilic properties (29°), high flexural strength (17.3 N/mm2), and high compressive strength (65.7 N/mm2) were among other characteristics of the synthesized nanofiber. Biological properties of the synthesized nanoparticle, such as anti-skin cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties, were tested. In the anticancer study, IC50 was 21 μg/mL, and in the antimicrobial studies (antibacterial and antifungal activity), the MIC was between 2 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL. Thus, the synthesized nanofiber can be incorporated as a bioactive compound in the medical industry, such as being utilized as bioactive medical bandages after other tests have been completed.

Novel Approaches and Applications of Nanotechnology in the Delivery of Topical Drugs for Psoriasis via Nanocarriers

Psoriasis is a non-contagious, continuing, auto-immune disease that mostly affects the skin, and about 2%-3% of the world's population suffers from it. In this review article, the primary focus is on the strategies involved in conventional therapies and the latest advances that have been recorded in metallic nano, polymer-based, and lipid-based formulations in the spectrum of anti-psoriatic drugs. Liposomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and dendrimers are only some of the nanocarrier systems that have been extensively researched in relation to their potential use in nano formulations. This study incorporates patent applications that illustrate the nanoparticle's function in treating psoriasis. Hence, on the basis of an extensive literature survey, it is concluded that nano-formulations are a promising medium to treat a disease like psoriasis as they offer enhanced penetration, target-specific delivery, and improved efficacy. When applied to the study of biological systems and the development of novel medical technologies, nanobiotechnology offers potentially promising possibilities for the efficient use of nanoscale materials and processes. In this approach, nanotechnology and biotechnology are combined in order to develop nanoscale devices, materials, and systems that can be used for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psoriasis. The future of the therapeutic effect of antipsoriatic drugs is dependent on both the benefits they have the ability to bring and the progress being made in the mass production of these carriers. Researching novel carrier systems or combination therapies is essential, but so is working to scale up existing technologies so they may be commercialised and used to benefit society at large.

A design of compact plasmonic lens consisting of high index dielectric gratings and metal nano-film

In this paper, a hybrid ultra-thin planar subwavelength focusing structure consisting of a high refractive index dielectric grating and a nano metal film was designed. The thickness of this structure is only 200 nm. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) were excited from the nano metal film, propagated along the metal-air interface, and were then converted into a radiation field by the dielectric grating, forming a focused spot in free space. By adjusting the grating position and width parameters, the shape of the focused optical field could be controlled. The simulation results showed that, under 532 nm light irradiation, the lens could produce a 270 nm (full width at half-maximum, FWHM) spot size at a focal length of 2.46λ. Moreover, under the illumination of 633 nm and 780 nm light, the designed lenses were found to produce focal spot sizes of 304 nm (0.48λ) and 364 nm (0.47λ), respectively, which were smaller than the diffraction limit. The simplicity of this plasmonic lens design, coupled with its reduced thickness and minimal absorption loss, offered significant advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and ease of fabrication.

Designofhighperformancealuminum-airbatterybasedoncheapnon-preciousmetalcathodes

With the rapid development of areas such as mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles, environmental problems and energy problems have become increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop green, safe, efficient, cheap, sustainable energy storage and large-scale application of energy storage devices. Aluminum-air battery is a device that converts the chemical energy of anode aluminum directly into electric energy through electrochemical reaction. The theoretical voltage of aluminum-air battery is high (2.75 V), large specific capacity (2.98 Ah/g), high specific energy (8.1 Wh/g), and metal aluminum is a high strength energy carrier, has the advantages of rich resources, low price, environment friendly, perfectly matching the current situation of power supply requirements. However, the existing aluminum-air batteries face the economic problem of high cost, due to the slow oxygen reduction reaction dynamics of the cathode and the use of the expensive precious metal Pt/C as a catalyst. In order to reduce the cost of aluminum-air batteries, this paper plans to use the cheap non-precious metal nano carbon materials as the cathode catalyst, and flexibly use the structural design to construct the structure of the aluminum-air battery with double cathodes, which effectively increases the cathode reaction area. In this paper, the discharge performance was studied by experimental method, and its peak power is 1.42 times that of the traditional single cathode battery, which has good catalytic performance and stability, and shows that the non-precious metal double-cathode structure battery is both practical and economical.

Space-confined growth of two-dimensional manganese oxide nanosheets in plant-cell structures for efficient tetracycline degradation

Manganese oxides (MnxOy) stand out as promising candidates for various redox reaction involved applications due to their diverse valence states. The expansive surface area of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an abundance of active sites for reactions, thereby gathering significant interest for catalytic applications. Nonetheless, facile synthesis of 2D nano metal oxides remains a challenge. In this study, cabbage leaf cells were employed as bio-scaffolds to fabricate 2D MnxOy nanomaterials, leveraging the confined space within the cells. The resulting 2D MnxOy nanosheets, featured by multiple valence states and composed of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 nanocrystals, exhibit a planar size of 32 nm and a lamellar thickness of about 3.95 nm. The distinctive 2D structure, coupled with the material’s multivalent manganese, facilitates efficient electron transfer, enhancing its function as a hetero-catalyst. Consequently, 2D MnxOy nanosheets demonstrate remarkable efficiency, achieving an 89 % removal of tetracycline (40 mg·L–1) with the assistance of H2O2. This study paves the way for employing biological templates to meticulously synthesize nanomaterials with precise morphologies, with applications extending across various fields.

Heat Transfer of Casson Nanofluid Flow Between Double Disks: Using Buongiorno Model

Purpose: Fluid thermal efficiency is crucial in major industrial sectors. Traditional fluids often lack the heat transmission needed for various operations. To address this, researchers introduced metallic and non-metallic nano additives, creating a new type of fluid called Nanofluid. This article explores the squeezing flow of Casson nanofluid between parallel disks, considering suction/injection, thermophysical impacts, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction. Methodology: The study uses the Buongiorno nanofluid theory to analyze thermophoresis and Brownian motion, reducing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Numerical technique (shooting approach) is employed to solve these equations, and the results are presented graphically. Conclusions: The study reveals that axial velocity decreases as the Casson fluid parameter increases. Near the intersection point of the velocity field with varying magnitudes of the linear thermal convection parameter, radial velocity increases. It is observed that the thermal field intensifies with a higher linear thermal convection parameter. Additionally, elevated values of the thermal radiation parameter lead to an increase in temperature distribution estimates. Applications of Current Model: Casson fluid, classified as a non-Newtonian fluid, exhibits characteristics of both an elastic solid at low shear strain and a Newtonian fluid at high stress. It is characterized by infinite viscosity at zero shear rate and infinite viscosity at infinite shear rate. Examples of Casson fluids in everyday life include tomato juice, human blood, soup, and orange juice.

Metal(Cu)-graphdiyne modified anion doped Mn0.3Cd0.7S used for photocatalytic hydrogen production

The filling strategy of defect engineering and metal-semiconductor based co-catalysts are effective means to improve photo generated electron transfer and enhance photocatalytic performance. Herein, metal nano copper is used to catalyze the coupling of acetylene groups to form metal-graphdiyne, which is introduced into Mn0.3Cd0.7S with anionic filling vacancies. The maximum hydrogen evolution rate can reach 5063.69 umol·g−1. The initial guidance of photo generated electrons is achieved by filling them with heteroatoms. At the same time, the potential barrier formed between metals and semiconductors hinders the recombination of photo generated electrons and holes, once again playing a guiding role in photo generated electrons. Ultimately achieving the goal of improving photocatalytic activity.

Enhancing gamma radiation shielding properties of iron metal and natural rubber composites

AbstractA comparative study was conducted to investigate the gamma and neutron radiation shielding properties of composites made from iron metal (micro and nano) dispersed within natural rubber (NR). The aim was to attenuate neutron and γ‐rays. The study utilized the gamma spectroscopy technique and the Monte Carlo FLUKA code. To assess the gamma ray shielding, a 3×3 Nal (Tl) detector and radioactive point sources were employed. Two comparative studies were carried out, one using Fe loaded NR (Fe/NR) composites in microsize and the other using Fe/NR composites in nanosize. The objective was to determine the impact of iron nanoparticles on the shielding ability of the composites. The findings revealed that the Fe/NR composites in nanosize exhibited superior gamma radiation shielding ability compared with the Fe/NR composites in microsize. These results were supported by the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, which demonstrated good agreement with both the experimental and theoretical XCOM data.

Metallic allies in drought resilience: Unveiling the influence of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on enhancing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) resistance through oxidative stress regulation

The escalating influence of environmental changes has heightened the physiological challenges faced by plants, with drought stress increasingly recognized as a critical global issue significantly impeding affecting the crop productivity. This study investigates the effectiveness of metal nano particles such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in mitigating drought stress in Solanum lycopersicum. The foliar application of ZnO NPs (500 ppm) and/or Ag NPs (500 ppm), individually or in combination, significantly alleviated drought stress-induced. This mitigation was evidenced by enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity viz., catalase (64%), peroxidase (76%), superoxide dismutase (78%), chlorophyll content (31%) & photosynthesis (37%), and protein levels (15%). Furthermore, ZnO NPs and Ag NPs effectively mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, as evidence by reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde (11%). Remarkably, the combined application of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs expedited the water-splitting capacity and facilitated electron exchange through redox reactions under drought stress. Consequently, these enhancements positively influenced the morpho-physiological characteristics such as height (28%), fresh weight (31%), dry weight (29%) and net photosynthetic rate (37%) of S. lycopersicum. These findings underscore the promising potential of metal NPs, such as ZnO NPs and Ag NPs, in mitigating drought stress, offering valuable insights for sustainable crop production amidst evolving environmental challenges.

A Review on Metallic Nanoparticles

Metallic nano-particles are nano scale metals that fall between one to one hundred nano meters in length, breadth, and thickness. Faraday looked into the possibility of metallic nanoparticles in solution for the first time in 1856. These days, it is possible to create and modify these nanomaterials with different chemical functional groups, enabling them to engage with medicines, ligands, and antibodies. Applications for metallic nanoparticles in biotechnology, therapeutics, and medication and gene delivery are numerous. The features, benefits, drawbacks, and attributes of metal nanomaterials are outlined in this review. This review also highlights how metallic nanomaterials work as catalysts, which is necessary for stabilization. It provides the readers with detailed information on the synthesis by various methods and characterization, with a particular focus on therapeutic application along with potential side effects and their future perspectives. Recent headway has opened the way to site-specific targeting and drug delivery by these metallic nano particles. Keywords: Surface Atom and Quantum Dot, Metal Nano particle, Gold, Platinum, and Silver Nano particle, Catalyst.

A Review on Distribution of Reinforcement and tensile Strength of Aluminum Lithium Alloy based Nano Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by STIR Casting

Aluminum Alloy (AA) parts are employed in lightweight engineering fields and have poor mechanical, wear, and corrosion resistance. Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) are materials created by incorporating hard reinforcing particles into an aluminum matrix alloy. The new material has improved characteristics, including higher specific stiffness and strength, as well as higher corrosion resistance, elastic modulus, wear resistance, and low weight. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are composite materials in which metal serves as the matrix and hard particles or ceramics serve as reinforcement. MMCs are used to improve the functionality of a wide range of technical materials. It could be used in many different fields, including aerospace, automotive, space travel, and medicine. In this paper, the reviewer investigates the distribution of reinforcement and Tensile Strength (TS) of Aluminum Lithium (Al-Li) Alloy/Nano Al2O3 MMC fabricated by stir casting. Finally, the authors provide a comparative analysis of prior reviewed research papers. After comparative analysis, TiB2/2195 composite has higher Tensile Strength (115.4%) than the other composite such as AA7010-TiB2 (260%), Al2O3 + SiC (72%), A356/SiC (21.87%), and Al-SiC (37%).

Facile and an efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles promoted by transition metal oxide nano catalyst

The advantages and an efficient path way of process for 2-arylbenzoxazole can be obtained by transition metal oxide Nano catalyst. The transition metal nano TiO2 catalysed and a tandem reaction between substituted 2-aminophenols and substituted aromatic aldehydes to produces scaffold series of 15 smoothly forming benzo heterocycles with good to excellent yields (80-94%). The synthesized benzoxazole compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy. This article describes a one-stage coupling technique that provides a unique way to access variously functionalized benzoxazole scaffolds. This methodology consists of a one-pot combination of condensation followed by oxidative addition reactions. It was shown that nano TiO2 in ethanol encouraged the formation of 2-aryl benzoxazole scaffolds and this catalyst quickly boosted the cascade reaction that produced a variety of collections of named derivatives. These protocols are atom-economic, efficient, reusable and modular means of accessing restricted named derivatives that have a substantial substrate tolerance and over ten points of diversity.

Investigations on the microbial activity and anti-corrosive efficiency of nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesised through green route

Abstract Researchers have shown considerable interest in the environmentally friendly synthesis of several nanoparticles particularly metal nano particles due to their multifaceted applications. The target of the current research includes the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) through the green route using the bark extract from Acacia Nilotica, and analyzed their chemical and surface morphological features using XRD, SEM, EDX, IR, UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In addition, the corrosion inhibition ability and antimicrobial activity of the extract were also studied. The XRD analysis indicated that the NiO exist in the form of nanoparticles. It showed the formation of pure cubic NiO-NP with a prominent peak at 43.28° reflected from the plane (200). The crystallite size was found to be 15.83 nm. The SEM micrographs revealed that NiO-NPs appeared to be a bulk cluster-like structure on their surface.The EDX analysis displayed the presence of Ni and oxygen atoms. The photoluminescence spectrum demonstrated that the green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles have a modified emission band due to the presence of oxygen deficiencies and induced surface imperfections. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the association of peaks with the C–H and Ni–O bonds. The UV–vis study showed a maximum absorption at 264 nm. A study on the inhibition efficiency towards microbes confirmed that the prepared NiO-NPs have a good inhibition against selected microbes such as S. aureus, E. coli, Candida albicans, A. Niger. The mass loss system showed restraint 93.68 % effectiveness in the mild steel, and the electrochemical study supported the formation of a defensive protective layer on the cathodic locales of the carbon steel surface inhibiting corrosion.

Evaluation of shielding properties of a developed nanocomposite from intercalated attapulgite clay by Cd/Pb oxides nanoparticles

The study investigated new nanocomposites’ γ-ray and neutron shielding properties based on raw attapulgite, a clay matrix intercalated with different weight percentages of mixed nano metal oxides CdO and PbO. The various percentages were as follows: (100–2x)% Attapulgite + x%CdO + x%PbO, abbreviated as (AT100–2x CdxPb x ), where x = 5, 10, 15%. The nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and EDX, confirming their successful preparation. SEM images revealed that the mixed oxide nanoparticles were successfully intercalated into the layers of attapulgite clay, with an average particle size of approximately 31.46 nm. The bulk densities of the prepared nanocomposites were measured to be in the range of 2.034 to 2.555 g/cm3. GEANT4 simulations were employed to evaluate the nanocomposites’ γ-ray and neutron shielding performance in the photon energy range of 0.015 to 15 MeV. Phys-X code was used for verification. The simulation results showed a maximum difference of approximately 9.5% between GEANT4 and Phys-X predictions. To assess the γ-ray shielding performance, various shielding parameters were calculated at selected photon energies. The μ m values ranged from 4.589 to 0.020 cm2.g−1, 6.311 to 0.021 cm2.g−1, 8.350 to 0.022 cm2.g−1 and 10.804 to 0.023 cm2.g−1 for raw attapulgite, AT90Pb5Cd5, AT80Pb10Cd10, AT70Pb15Cd15 across the photon energy range. The AT70Pb15Cd15 nanocomposite exhibited the highest μ m , Z eff , Z eq , and the lowest T 1/2, T 1/10, and MFP values. Notably, it also demonstrated the highest FNRCS (approximately 0.1 cm−1). These findings suggest that clay-based nanocomposites represent a new class of low-cost, locally available advanced materials with potential applications in γ-ray and neutron shielding characteristics.