Metal Pole Research Articles

Lower-limb inter-joint coordination during balance recovery after trips

BackgroundTrips are one of the most common external perturbations that can lead to accidental falls. Knowledge about postural control attributes of balance recovery after trips could help reveal the biomechanical causes for trip-induced falls and provide implications for fall prevention interventions. Research questionThe objective of the present study was to examine coordinated lower-limb movements during balance recovery after trips. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-three volunteers participated in an experimental study. They were tripped unexpectedly by a metal pole when walking on a linear walkway at their self-selected speed. Lower-limb inter-joint coordination quantified by continuous relative phase measures, including the mean of the absolute relative phases (MARP) and the deviation phase (DP), was analyzed during the execution of the first recovery step after unexpected trips. ResultsCompared to unsuccessful balance recovery, smaller MARPknee-ankle and DPknee-ankle of successful recovery were observed with distal inter-joint coordination on the swing side. Inter-joint coordination of the stance limb did not significantly differ between successful and unsuccessful recovery conditions. These findings indicate that the control of the swing limb’s distal joints is crucial for regaining balance after trips. SignificanceAn implication derived from this study is that greater in-phase coordination and smaller coordination variability in distal joints of the swing limb could be considered as potential targets for interventions aimed at preventing trip-induced accidental.

Limited effects of culling on the behavior of invasive lionfish (Pterois miles) in the Mediterranean.

Invasive species pose serious threats to ecosystems. To reduce ecological and economic consequences of invasions, efforts are made to control invaders and evaluating the effects of such efforts is paramount. Lionfishes (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) are native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean and pose a major threat to local ecosystems in the invaded Atlantic and Mediterranean. Culling via spearfishing is a widespread measure to limit lionfish population size in invaded ranges. However, like most hunted fishes, lionfish alter their behavior after repeated culling, potentially decreasing the effectiveness of future culls. Previous studies on lionfish in the Caribbean have shown that lionfish are less bold after repeated culling. However, the impact of culling on lionfish in their newest invasive range, the Mediterranean, remains enigmatic. To determine the behavioral changes in response to culling in this second area of invasion, we tested for effects of culling on the behavior of lionfish in Cyprus, a region heavily impacted by the lionfish invasion in the Mediterranean. We compared the response of lionfish to an approaching free diver holding a metal pole (imitating a spear fisher) between protected areas where spearfishing is restricted and areas where culls are frequently conducted. We also assessed whether activity, hiding pattern, and site fidelity differed between these culled and unculled sites. Overall, we found limited effects of culling on the traits measured, indicating surprising resistance to culling-induced behavioral changes in Mediterranean lionfish. Future studies should monitor invasive lionfish population densities and the effects of culling in more detail to tailor management plans and reduce the negative effects of these fish in specific invaded ranges.

The art of resilience: a psychobiography of Frida Kahlo

This psychobiography of Frida Kahlo explores the psychology of the famous Mexican artist. Drawing upon Kahlo’s paintings and diary entries, a rich psychological analysis of the feminist icon is juxtaposed with the zeitgeist of 20th century Mexico. Framed through the theoretical model of feminist psychology, Kahlo’s role in promoting gender equality and dismantling patriarchal society is discussed. Physical pain resulting from illness and impalement by a metal pole in a trolley accident was matched, if not exceeded, by the psychological pain the artist felt due to resulting issues with fertility and the long-sought but never-realized role of motherhood, infidelity within her marriage, and the eventual loss of her ability to paint. Nevertheless, Kahlo’s perseverance and strength led to worldwide recognition of her bold and vibrant paintings, vulnerably depicting her rich inner world. The present study utilises perspectives from art therapy and attachment theory to elucidate the factors contributing to Frida Kahlo’s resilience in the face of lifelong trauma and chronic pain. Ultimately, Kahlo’s life and work offer valuable insight into the psychological experiences of women in patriarchal societies, emphasising the importance of feminist perspectives in psychological research and highlighting the healing and resilience-promoting role of art.

How Can Wind Turn Into Electricity?

Wind generators, also known as wind turbines, turn wind into electricity. A wind turbine consists of several metal blades mounted on a metal pole and connected to an electrical generator. The wind rotates the blades, which turn a gear shaft connected to the generator, causing a coil of wires in the generator to move around a magnetic core. This generates an electric current that can be used for all our electrical needs, such as lights. Wind turbines should be placed in areas with strong winds, such as beaches, high mountain peaks, and wide-open mountain valleys. Wind turbines do not consume fuel, and therefore they are environmentally friendly because they do not emit the greenhouse gases that cause global warming.

A lab unearthed: Plotting the grounds for future fields

A lab unearthed: Plotting the grounds for future fields

Fostering glacier termini

The article presents an overview of the history of the monitoring programme of glacier termini fluctuations in Iceland. The programme was initiated by meteorologist Jón Eyþórsson in 1930, and the measurements were initially carried out by local farmers. In recent decades, the measurements have been conducted by volunteers of the Iceland Glaciological Society with a very diverse professional background. Every autumn, the distance to the glacier terminus has been measured from a reference post, usually marked with a cairn and/or a metal pole. Glacier terminus variations in Iceland since 1930 show a clear relationship with climate changes. The terminus variations data set also contains information about the surges of many glaciers.

Mitigating Unwanted Mode in a Microstrip Patch by a Simpler Technique to Reduce Cross-Polarized Fields Over the Orthogonal Plane

This letter explores a new concept for the first time to control a specific unwanted higher mode in a microstrip patch with a target to reduce its cross-polarized (XP) radiation over the orthogonal plane. A strategic metal pole has been introduced to control the modal current of an orthogonal higher mode (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</sub> ) but leaving the fundamental radiating mode (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> ) untouched. The conjecture has been successfully verified in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -band. The approach is the simplest of all explored earlier, requiring no multiparameter optimization or fabrication complexity except requiring an additional vertical space. Antenna impedance and primary radiations are insensitive to this technique but it ensures 11dB XP suppression over the orthogonal plane. The pole height can be reduced by 40%–63% by accepting a tradeoff in XP suppression by 3 dB.

Effects of Fatigue on Balance Recovery From Unexpected Trips.

The objective was to examine how physical fatigue and mental fatigue affected balance recovery from unexpected trips. Trips are the leading cause for occupational falls that are a multifactorial problem. Recognizing risk factors is the first step in accident control. Fatigue is one of the most common task-related risk factors for occupational falls. Fatigue typically can be divided into physical fatigue and mental fatigue, both of which are common in occupational settings. One hundred eight young volunteers participated in the experiment. They were evenly divided into three groups: no fatigue group, physical fatigue group, and mental fatigue group. Each participant performed four walking trials on a linear walkway at their self-selected normal speed. The first three trials were normal walking trials. A trip was induced to participants in the fourth walking trial using a metal pole. Balance recovery from unexpected trips was characterized by trunk flexion and first recovery step measures. Recovery step length was smaller and maximum trunk flexion became larger in the mental fatigue group compared with those in the no fatigue group. Physical fatigue did not significantly affect trunk flexion and first recovery step measures. Mental fatigue increased the likelihood of loss of balance. Thus, mental fatigue could be a risk factor for trips and falls. To prevent trip-related falls, interventions should be adopted to prevent prolonged exposures to cognitively demanding activities in occupational settings.

A Non-destructive Defect Estimation Method for Metal Pole Based on Machine Learning Approach

This paper suggests a non-destructive defect estimation method for metal pole by analyzing its hammering sounds. A machine learning algorithm, that is, Support Vector Machine algorithm is applied for the spectrum distributions obtained from the hammering sounds by using a Fourier Transform. A defect estimation algorithm incorporating this algorithm is actually developed and tested for 200 hammering sounds of metal poles with/without a defect. The number of hammering sounds used for the learning phase is 180 and the remaining 20 are used for test phase. As a result, 100% accuracy rate is attained and this shows the feasibility of machine learning approach.

Comparison of the Load-Deflection Characteristics of Aesthetic and Conventional Super Elastic Ni-Ti Orthodontic Arch Wires in Conventional and Metal-Insert Ceramic Brackets.

Coated arch wires and ceramic brackets have been introduced to improve aesthetics during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of coating on the physical properties of aesthetic orthodontic wires. Five round wires (0.016 inch) were obtained from each of three brands: conventional uncoated super elastic Nickel Titanium (Ni-Ti) (Rematitian Lite; Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), HUBIT (Teflon Coated, Korea), G&H (Epoxy Coated, Greenwood, Indiana, USA) which belonged to maxillary arch. Two types of standard ceramic brackets (conventional and metal-insert type, Ortho Technology, Tampa, Florida, USA) with the slot size of 0.022×0.028 inches were used. A simulation device was fabricated to resemble a model of human dental arch and each of the specimen was tested in three-point bending test. The test was conducted in the buccolingual plane with crosshead speed of 1mm/minute pressure from metal pole. Each sample was loaded until a deflection of 3.0 mm was produced. The mean values of maximum loading force, unloading force and clinical plateau length were recorded. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used at p<0.05. Uncoated Ni-Ti arch wire showed higher mean values of maximum loading and unloading force than that of coated aesthetic wires similar to ceramic brackets while G&H wire and metal-insert ceramic brackets presented the lowest values. The longest clinical plateau length was observed in G&H wires and metal-insert ceramic bracket. The coating processes for HUBIT (Teflon Coated, Korea), G&H (Epoxy Coated, Greenwood, Indiana, USA) wires might influence bending behaviour which can cause decrease in loading and unloading force.

When 1987 blew away the UK…

When 1987 blew away the <scp>UK</scp>…

Балобан в биосферном заповеднике "Аскания-Нова", Украина

Первый случай гнездования балобана на территории заповедника «Аскания-Нова» был отмечен нами в 2013 г. – 16 мая было обнаружено гнездо, которое располагалось на металлической опоре ЛЭП 35 кВ.

Isolated fracture of hyoid bone as a result of bicycle injury

Abstract Authors present a rare case of isolated hyoid bone fractures as a result of a traffic accident. Ten hours before the exam, the patient injured his neck by hitting it against a metal pole which he did not notice while riding a bicycle. Immediately afterwards he felt the pain, and came for an examination due to pain with swallowing. ENT examination discovered no signs of trauma in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and visible part of trachea. Computed tomography discovered an isolated fracture of hyoid bone. After 24 hour observation, patient was discharged for home care, and was shown a swallowing technique which significantly reduces swallowing pain. At control ENT examination 10 days later patient had no complaints. Control CT examination was not performed, as patient refused it.

Industrial wood production and consumption in Turkey and some future projections

The functionality of the forest as natural resource has not lost its significance from the past to the present day. One of the main functions of the forest is production of wood and other non-wood forest products. On the other hand especially in the last century, political, social, economic, cultural and institutional structures of excessive societies have caused a decrease on the forest. Beside the survey application an economic study has been made which is based on the basic statistical information found for the period from 1970 to 2007. The collected quantitative data was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. Model equations are generated in accordance with the facts which are based on the analysis of wood production and consumption. Future values of the created models have been estimated with regards to same factors. According to the result of the analysis of numerical data it is believed that production of logs will decrease whereas consumption of logs will increase in the future. On the other hand, metal poles and wood fiber chips are expected not experienced difficulties in meeting demand. As consumption increases, the metal pole and firewood consumption is projected to decrease.

Accidental Through and Through Penetrating Injury to the Neck

We present the case of a 24-year-old driver who died when a metal pole entered the front windshield, traveled through the victim's neck, and then exited via the back windshield. This case illustrated an unusual penetration injury and the importance of a thorough and complete death scene investigation.

The Boar‐Operated‐System: a Novel Method to Deliver Baits to Wild Pigs

ABSTRACT Bait‐delivered pharmaceuticals, increasingly used to manage populations of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and feral pigs, may be ingested by nontarget species. Species‐specificity could be achieved through a delivery system. We designed the BOSTM (Boar‐Operated‐System) as a device to deliver baits to wild pigs. The BOSTM consists of a metal pole onto which a round perforated base is attached. A metal cone with a wide rim slides up and down the pole and fully encloses the base onto which the baits are placed. We conducted a pilot, captive trial and found that captive wild boar fed from the BOSTM either directly, by lifting the cone, or indirectly, by feeding once another animal had lifted the cone. Thus, we tested whether free‐living wild boar fed from the BOSTM and whether the BOSTM could prevent bait uptake by nontarget species. We observed that free‐living wild boar fed regularly from the BOSTM and that the device successfully prevented bait uptake by nontarget species. The BOSTM should be trialed more extensively to confirm its effectiveness and species‐specificity to distribute pharmaceuticals to wild suids. If successful, the BOSTM could be used to deliver vaccines in disease control programs as well as contraceptives to manage overabundant populations of wild suids.

An autoregressive point source model for spatial processes

We suggest a parametric modeling approach for nonstationary spatial processes driven by point sources. Baseline near-stationarity, which may be reasonable in the absence of a point source, is modeled using a conditional autoregressive (CAR) Markov random field. Variability due to the point source is captured by our proposed autoregressive point source (ARPS) model. Inference proceeds according to the Bayesian hierarchical paradigm, and is implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The parametric approach allows a formal test of effectiveness of the point source. Application is made to a real dataset on electric potential measurements in a field containing a metal pole and the finding is that our approach captures the pole's impact on small-scale variability of the electric potential process.

Designing Static Fields for Unilateral Magnetic Resonance by a Scalar Potential Approach

We present a method for designing single-sided magnets suitable for unilateral magnetic resonance (UMR) measurements. The method uses metal pole pieces to shape the field from permanent magnets in a target region. The pole pieces are shaped according to solutions to Laplace's equation, and can be designed using a combination of analytical methods and numerical optimization. The design leads to analytical expressions for the pole piece shapes and magnetic field. Here, we develop the method in Cartesian, polar, and spherical coordinates, and discuss the merits of each system. Finite magnet size has a substantial effect on the field quality in many cases, according to our simulations. We found that in order to achieve a compact magnet in which the static field closely matches that specified, a full 3-D design approach is necessary. A magnet designed by our method produces a static field with a constant gradient over a region 2 cm in diameter and 2 mm thick. This leads to a compact cylindrical magnet just over 11 cm in diameter, topped with a single metal pole piece. The design is validated through simulation. The simulated field is found to agree closely with that specified analytically through the design procedure

A Good Pine

A Good Pine Chris Offutt Every afternoon he waited on the porch for his grand-daughter to walk home from school, following a path he'd forged through the woods surrounding their house. The trail ended at the yard, like a creek feeding a pond, and he watched the treeline for the faded yellow of her coat. Five years ago, a coal truck had nudged his daughter's car over a cliff. The car landed upside down in a dry creek. She and her husband had departed life in less time than it took for a leaf to drop from a tree. Lucy had lived with him ever since. He was a father at fifteen, a combat veteran at twenty, and a grandfather by thirty-five. At age fifty he was widowed. The seasons had carved furrows in his face, turning his limbs to muscled tools covered by leather. His hair never turned gray or fell away, but remained thick and black, as if his genes had bred a permanent hat. He'd never really learned to live, but was adept at getting by, standing fast, holding ground. He rarely changed expression. The infrequent visitor to his small house at the head of the hollow often mistook the old man's countenance for inattention or stupidity—but they were wrong. He simply wore an armor of his own creation. Lucy emerged from the woods, followed by her dog. The coat she wore was too big but protected her against the December chill. Something vague inside the old man glowed briefly like the final ember of a dwindled fire. Lucy trudged toward the house, followed by her dog. Behind them the trees were empty of leaves. The bare branches were like a fur trim on the blue sweater of sky. At twelve she was still mostly girl, suddenly running thin and exuberant across the patchy grass. She raced past him into the house to turn on the TV. It was an old television that got one channel and the old man prevailed with an antenna atop a steel pole lashed to a hickory post. He gripped the pole and waited. "It's on," Lucy called. "But fuzzy!" He turned the pole in tiny increments to improve the TV's picture. "Wait," she yelled. "No, back up!" He gave the pole a slight reverse. "Okay, Papaw," she said. "That's good." He released the metal pole and blew into his palms. Gloves he reserved for serious work, not this daily ritual of drawing television 57 reception for her favorite show, Mr. Cartoon. They'd begun this when her parents were still alive. He believed that maintaining simple traditions would help her accept the terrible loss. As Lucy grew, she had abandoned his lap to sit beside him, then gradually migrated toward the other end of the couch, where she now sprawled with her shoes off. He joined her, sitting heavily on the worn cushion. "I saw him today," she said. "We had a field trip to town and saw Mister Cartoon for real. He did some magic tricks and showed Road Runner. I liked it a lot. Mr. Cartoon looked short but it was really him, I could tell. He wore the striped coat and sunglasses like he always does. Then he asked for questions—and guess what Papaw—he picked me! So I asked him why he always wore sunglasses. He said it was because if he didn't wear them, someone would ask why he never wore them. That didn't make sense to me, but then he gave me an autographed picture of himself. Want to see it?" She withdrew the photo from a math book for his nodding admiration. Mister Cartoon came on the screen and Lucy stared intently as if seeing a lost relative returning for a holiday visit. She laughed at the cartoons, and he arranged on his face an expression he knew from long experience would pass for a smile. Television was a habit that had never adequately fastened to him. It reminded him of a campfire—steady motion that never got anywhere. He'd learned not to look directly at a fire because the...

What a Hot Comb Can Tell Us about History: Material Culture and the Classroom

The object being passed around the classroom attracts the keen interest of my students. Long and thin, it spans almost ten inches from end to end but measures just over an inch at its fat test. The head of the object, which is about three and a quarter inches long, is made of gold colored metal. One side of the head is solid and rounded, and the other has thirty-three thin metal spikes that stick out about three-quarters of an inch and taper to a sharp point. They are even and orderly, each spaced precisely one-sixteenth of an inch apart from the next. The metal head rests snugly on a one-inch metal pole, also gold colored, which itself fits into a silver metal cap. The cap is rounded on top, curves in around the short pole, and fits tightly against a black laminated wood shaft. The rounded shaft