Metabolism Of Stages Research Articles

A clinical case of hypothalamic syndrome combined with Klinefelter syndrome

the article describes a clinical case of a hypothalamic syndrome associated with a congenital disease - Klinefelter syndrome in a 21-year-old patient. Dysmetabolic complications were studied against the background of endocrine and genetic pathologies. Klinefelter syndrome was diagnosed in the patient at the age of 10, mosaic variant of karyotype 47XXY/46XY was detected. Against the background of a rare genetic pathology, signs of a hypothalamic puberty syndrome began to appear at the age of 15: acne, pink stretch marks on the lateral areas of the abdomen and breasts, gynecomastia, and excess weight. General clinical laboratory studies, carbohydrate metabolism indicators, sexual and thyroid hormones did not differ from reference values. The cortisol level in the blood was 23.4 mcg/dL, slightly exceeding the upper limit of the reference values (4.30-22.4 mcg/dL), indicating a state of mild hypercorticism. Manifestations of dysmetabolic cardiomyopathy were noted in the cardiovascular system, complicated by stable stage II arterial hypertension. The peculiarity of the clinical case is the combination of endocrine pathology with genetic pathology, which determines the specific appearance of the patient, and the presence of dysmetabolic complications without disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in stage III obesity. The acceleration of puberty, which often occurs with the hypothalamic syndrome, did not occur due to the concomitant hypoandrogenic effect of Klinefelter syndrome. In the presence of hypothalamic syndrome in the patient, the late development of secondary sexual characteristics was noted, which is more characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome, but normal mental activity was preserved, which is rarely observed with the mosaic form of this genetic pathology. Another clinical feature is the absence of typical manifestations of hypogonadism in the post-pubertal period, which is confirmed by a normal level of male and female sex hormones in the blood, which is atypical. Due to the peculiarity of this clinical case, the patient's fertility can be preserved. In addition to the existing dysmetabolic complications in the patient and metabolic syndrome, there is a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and breast cancer, because Klinefelter syndrome andhypothalamic syndrome complicate each other. Therefore, it is important to study the issue of the combination of these two pathologies, possible consequences, and ways to overcome them to improve thepatient's clinical prognosis and quality of life.

Abstract 2181: Differential expression of genes related to autoimmunity and metabolism in Stage I NSCLC from patients with COPD

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases lung cancer risk 3-fold, but individuals with COPD may not qualify for lung cancer screening if their age or smoking histories do not meet eligibility criteria. Genomics might reveal genes differentially active in lung tumors from COPD patients, identifying pathways associated with lung cancer in the COPD setting. We used mRNA profiling to identify differences in Stage I non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) from patients with and without COPD. COPD was determined by pre-surgery Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs); the GOLD score was calculated from FEV1 and FVC measurements. Stage I cases were chosen to minimize effect of tumor burden on PFTs. After extraction of mRNA from frozen tumor specimens (71 adenocarcinoma and 24 squamous cell carcinoma), the Illumina HT-12 v4 BeadChip was used to measure mRNA expression. All cases passed RNA quality checks, had not received neo-adjuvant therapy, and had pre-surgical PFT results. 44% of cases were GOLD II-IV (COPD positive) and 56% were GOLD 0-I (COPD negative). In an unbiased examination using the limma R package, 5,789 probes showed expression above background and variation in expression. These probes were compared in COPD positive and negative tumors; no probes were significantly different after multiple comparisons adjustment. In an examination of KEGG pathways by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using a t-test or a linear model that adjusted for age, race, sex and smoking status, 31 pathways (17 in squamous cell and 14 in adenocarcinoma) were identified that were differentially expressed between COPD positive and negative tumors (p value < 0.025 in a 2-tailed test). There was no overlap in significant KEGG Pathways between the two histologies. In squamous cell carcinoma, DNA Replication and Mismatch Repair were repressed in COPD positive tumors, while many Autoimmunity and Infection pathways were activated. In adenocarcinoma, COPD positive tumors showed repression of metabolic pathways including P450, fatty acid, and pentose metabolism. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted upstream regulators that are reported to control differentially expressed genes contained in the significant KEGG pathways. In squamous cell lung carcinoma, IL27 (p = 2.96 E-36, activation score 3.00), interferon gamma (p = 1.65 E-58, activation score 5.57), and tumor necrosis factor (p = 2.01 E-44, activation score 3.92) were the three top upstream regulators. In adenocarcinoma, PPAR alpha/RXRA (p = 4.83 E -15, inhibition score -2.84), TP53 (p = 3.63 E-08, inhibition score -2.06), and HNF1A (p = 3.88 -08, inhibition score -2.59) were the top three upstream regulators. Results show that distinct pathways are affected by COPD in lung squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, and identify potential biomarkers such as IL27 that may drive squamous cell carcinoma development, while loss of PPAR activity may drive adenocarcinoma, in smokers with COPD. Supported by P50 CA090440. Citation Format: Jill M. Siegfried, Kan Shang, Cavan Reilly, Laura P. Stabile. Differential expression of genes related to autoimmunity and metabolism in Stage I NSCLC from patients with COPD. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2181. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2181

Essential Oil Yield of Corymbia citriodora as Influenced by Harvesting Age, Seasonal Variation and Provenance at Citrifine Plantations in Northern Malawi

Essential Oil Yield of Corymbia citriodora as Influenced by Harvesting Age, Seasonal Variation and Provenance at Citrifine Plantations in Northern Malawi Corymbia citriodora grown in Citrifine Plantations in Chikangawa, Northern Malawi was evaluated for essential oil yield as influenced by harvesting age, season variation and provenance at the plant age of the three and four years. All the parameters harvesting age, season variation and provenance significantly affected essential oil yield of Corymbia citriodora leaves. Citronellal was the major compound (˃80%) in the oil followed by citronellol (5.3 to 7.7%), linalool (2.1 to 2.2%), isopulegol (1.2 to 2.1%) and citronellyl acetate (0.6 to 0.8%). Essential oil yield decreased with increasing plant age. Cold-wet season (May to August) particularly in the month of August produced significantly (P<0.001) higher essential oil yield than warm-wet and dry seasons at both harvesting age of three and four years. The differences in essential oil yield due to season can be attributed to changes in temperature and humidity, also to different stage metabolism.

Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Stage IV Breast Cancer: Heterogeneity of Response During Chemotherapy

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to compare early changes in blood flow (BF) and glucose metabolism (MRglu) in metastatic breast cancer lesions of patients treated with chemotherapy.MethodsEleven women with stage IV cancer and lesions in breast, lymph nodes, liver, and bone were scanned before treatment and after the first course of chemotherapy. BF, distribution volume of water (Vd), MRglu/BF ratio, MRglu and its corresponding rate constants K1 and k3 were compared per tumor lesion before and during therapy.ResultsAt baseline, mean BF and MRglu varied among different tumor lesions, but mean Vd was comparable in all lesions. After one course of chemotherapy, mean MRglu decreased in all lesions. Mean BF decreased in breast and node lesions and increased in bone lesions. Vd decreased in breast and nodes, but did not change in bone lesions. The MRglu/BF ratio decreased in breast and bone lesions and increased in node lesions. In patients with multiple tumor lesions BF and MRglu response could be very heterogeneous, even within similar types of metastases. BF and MRglu increased in lesions of patients who experienced early disease progression or showed no response during clinical follow-up.ConclusionBF and MRglu changes separately give unique information on different aspects of tumor response to chemotherapy. Changes in BF and MRglu parameters can be remarkably heterogeneous in patients with multiple lesions.

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Progesterone metabolism in vitro in the decapod crustacean, Penaeus monodon

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with on-line detection of radioactive steroids were applied to identify metabolites of [4- 14C]progesterone incubated in vitro with prawn ovary. There was extensive metabolism of progesterone by stage II (vitellogenic) ovary of Penaeus monodon. The most abundant metabolites were 5α-pregnane derivatives together with two minor metabolites, 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one and 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione. In contrast, a much lower level of progesterone metabolism was observed in stage 0 (immature) ovary of this species. The hepatopancreas, gill, and abdominal muscle of P. monodon all metabolised [4- 14C]progesterone to varying degrees, generating materials similar to those produced by the ovary. A comparative study of progesterone metabolism in stage II ovary of Nephrops norvegicus indicated that one metabolite, 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, was produced.