Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors Research Articles

Body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

Body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

Predictive machine learning algorithms for metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of interconnected risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, poses a significant health burden globally. In Tunisia, amidst an ongoing epidemiological transition, the prevalence of MS presents a growing concern. Our study aimed to identify the potential risk factors of MS and propose better machine learning (ML) based models for predicting MS among Tunisian adults. Methods Data was sourced from the Tunisian Health Examination Survey THES-2016, encompassing individuals aged 20 years and older. MS was defined based on the criteria set by the International Diabetes Federation. Logistic regression (LR) was employed to determine risk factors for MS. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five ML algorithms (Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), AdaBoost, and Random Forest (RF)) were utilized to predict MS. Performance evaluation was conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics. Results Among the 8908 participants, the prevalence of MS was 32.8% (95% CI: 31.4% - 34.6%). LR identified age group 60-69 years (aOR: 18.5, 95% CI: 16.9-19.9, p < 0.001), female sex (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), sedentariness (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.5-1.8) and low education level (aOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4) as significant factors associated with MS. Among ML models tested, AdaBoost had the highest accuracy (89.8%), followed by SVM (89.6%). Naïve Bayes had the highest Recall (98.1%) and the most performant AUC (91.4%), while RF had the highest Precision (70.8%). The ANN had an accuracy of 89%, a precision of 70.4%, a recall of 78.7% and an AUC of 85.1%. Conclusions Our study highlighted the effectiveness of ML algorithms like AdaBoost and SVM in predicting MS among Tunisian adults, offering potential as early detection tools. However, further validation with larger datasets is necessary to solidify their utility in healthcare settings. Key messages • Metabolic syndrome, a complex of cardiovascular risk factors, presents a substantial global public health challenge and is particularly pronounced in Tunisia. • Machine learning algorithms, notably AdaBoost and Support Vector Machine, demonstrate promise in forecasting and addressing metabolic syndrome.in Tunisian adults.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence has increased in Finland from 2000 to 2023

Abstract Obesity presents a metabolic burden that leads to increased non-communicable disease (NCD) morbidity with metabolic syndrome (MS) as a pathway. The aim was to examine the trends in the obesity and MS prevalences. The study included health examination survey data collected in 2000 and 2023 (n = 7 258, 20-64 years). Examination measurements, blood samples, questionnaires, and register data were collected. MS criteria (ATPIII/AHA) included at least 3 of the following: increased waist circumference, elevated fasting glucose or medication, elevated triglyceride or medication, elevated blood pressure (BP) or medication, and decreased HDL-cholesterol or medication. Participants were divided according to BMI (normal weight 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight 25.0-29.9 kg/m2, obesity 30.0-34.9 kg/m2, severe obesity = >35.0 kg/m2). Weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MS and obesity were calculated considering sampling design and non-response. Prevalences of normal weight decreased from 2000 (men 32%, 95% CI 30-35; women 45%, 95% CI 43-47) to 2023 (men 26%, 95% CI 23-28; women 34%, 95% CI 32-37) and obesity increased from 2020 (men 17%, 95% CI 15-18; women 15%, 95% CI 14-17) to 2023 (men 20%, 95% CI 18-22; women 18%, 95% CI 16-20) as did severe obesity (in 2000: men 4%, 95% CI 3-5; 6%, 95% CI 5-7 - in 2023 men10%, 95% CI 8-12; women 13%; 95% CI 11-14). The prevalence of MS increased from 37% (95% CI 34-39) to 45% (95% CI 43-48) in men and 30% (95% CI 28-32) to 37% (95% CI 34-39) in women. The prevalence of MS with obesity varied from 2000 to 2023 from 73-77% in men and 69-61% in women and with severe obesity from 88-91% in men and 79-76% in women. From 2000 to 2023, no MS components remained stable with normal weight (men 29-25%, women 44%) and obesity (both sexes <1%). The prevalence of MS has increased in the last 20 years. Obesity is a major risk factor for MS that increases the future burden MS and, consequently, of NCD on societies. Key messages • Metabolic syndrome has increased in Finland from 2000 to 2023. At the same time, the prevalence of those with normal weight has decreased and severe obesity increased. • The global obesity pandemic will further increase the burden of NCD’s in the future. This is already visible with increasing metabolic syndrome prevalence.

ASO Author Reflections: Achievements of Textbook Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Liver Resection: The Role of the Number of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors.

ASO Author Reflections: Achievements of Textbook Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Liver Resection: The Role of the Number of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors.

Developing a risk model for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults aged 40 years and above based on BMI/HDL-C: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of four indicators, including waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), vascular adiposity index (VAI), TG/HDL-C, and BMI/HDL-C for metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults aged 40 years and above. Additionally, the study aimed to develop an efficient diagnostic model displayed by a nomogram based on individual’s BMI and circulating HDL-C level.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 699 participants aged 40 years and above. Quartiles of BMI/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHTR were used as independent variables, and metabolic syndrome was used as the dependent variable. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the impact of each parameter on the risk of MS. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics were compared to determine the accuracy of the indicators in diagnosing MS in the participants. Logistic regression was run to construct the nomograms, and the performance of the nomogram was assessed by a calibration curve.ResultsMS subjects had higher levels of BMI, BFM, PBF, VFA, AMC, WC, SCR, TG, and insulin, but lower LDH and HDL-C levels than the subjects without MS. The BMI/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with the prevalence of MS and its components. The final diagnostic model included five variables: gender, BFM, WC, TG, and BMI/HDL-C. The model showed good calibration and discrimination power with an AUC of 0.780. The cut-off value for the nomogram was 0.623 for diagnosing MS.ConclusionsBMI/HDL-C ratio was an independent risk factor for MS in Chinese adults. BMI/HDL-C was significantly correlated with MS and its components. BMI/HDL-C was the most powerful diagnostic indicator compared to other indicators, including TG/HDL-C, VAI and WHTR for diagnosing MS. The nomogram drawn based on the diagnostic model provided a practical tool for diagnosing MS in Chinese adults.

The Potential of Dehydrated Geniotrigona thoracica Stingless Bee Honey against Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Induced by a High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is diagnosed when at least three out of five key risk factors are present: obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, high triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). MS is often associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Recent studies have shown that raw stingless bee honey (SBH) can alleviate MS risk factors. However, the high moisture content in raw SBH predisposes it to fermentation, which can degrade its quality. Therefore, dehydrating SBH is necessary to prevent the fermentation process. This study aimed to compare the effects of dehydrated (DeGT) and raw (RGT) SBH from Geniotrigona thoracica species on high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (HCHF)-induced MS in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), HCHF-induced MS without treatment (MS), HCHF-induced MS treated with DeGT (MS+DeGT) and HCHF-induced MS treated with RGT (MS+RGT). Group C received standard rat chow, while the other groups were fed with HCHF diet for 16 weeks. In the final eight weeks, two HCHF-induced groups received their respective SBH treatments. Results: Both DeGT and RGT treatments reduced energy intake, fat mass, high blood pressure, inflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and obesity (the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio, corticosterone, 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11βHSD1)) markers, as well as prevented histomorphometry changes (prevented adipocyte hypertrophy, increased the Bowman’s space area and glomerular atrophy). Additionally, DeGT increased serum HDL levels, while RGT reduced serum TG, leptin and other inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)), as well as hepatosteatosis. Conclusions: While DeGT demonstrates potential as a preventive agent for MS, RGT exhibited more pronounced anti-MS effects in this study.

Exploring metabolic syndrome and dietary quality in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors affecting a quarter of the global population, with diet playing a significant role in its progression. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DDRRS) and the Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) scoring systems in assessing the diet-related risk of metabolic syndrome.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 7431 individuals aged between 30 and 70 years, obtained from the Mashhad Cohort Study, were utilized to evaluate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants’ dietary intake. The MQI was calculated based on carbohydrate, fat, and healthy protein components, while the DDRRS was also computed. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between MQI and DDRRS with metabolic syndrome and its components.ResultsAccording to the crude model, we observed lower odds of MetS in the highest quartile of DDRRS and MQI compared to the lowest quartile (P-trend < 0.001). This trend persisted in the fully adjusted models, revealing odds ratios of 0.399 (95% CI: 0.319-0.500) and 0.597 (95% CI: 0.476–0.749) for DDRRS and MQI, respectively. After controlling for all potential confounders, we observed lower odds of central obesity in the highest quartile of MQI (OR: 0.818, 95% CI: 0.676–0.989, P-trend = 0.027). Furthermore, we found that the odds of high triglyceride levels were lower in the highest quartile of DDRRS compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 0.633, 95% CI: 0.521, 0.770, P-trend < 0.001).ConclusionIn conclusion, our study indicates that greater adherence to both DDRRS and MQI is linked to a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. These findings hold significant implications for public health and the development of personalized nutrition strategies.

Excess dietary sugar and its impact on periodontal inflammation: a narrative review.

Sugar is omnipresent in the current food environment and sugar consumption has drastically risen over the past century. Extensive evidence highlights the negative health consequences of consuming excess dietary sugars, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Heart Association (AHA) to devise guidelines to restrict sugar intake. According to the WHO's Global Oral Health Status Report of 2022, oral diseases and severe periodontitis are a massive public health problem, and dietary sugars are a modifiable risk factor. We conducted a literature review using key databases to summarise the health effects of excessive sugar consumption and their potential role in periodontal inflammation. Available evidence suggests that excess dietary fructose and sucrose can cause low-grade systemic inflammation; and induce dysbiosis in both gut and the oral microbiota. Also, dietary sugar is potentially addictive and hypercaloric and its overconsumption can lead to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and other risk factors for periodontal inflammation. Hence, an unbalanced diet with excess dietary sugars holds the potential to initiate and aggravate periodontal inflammation. In the modern food environment that enables and facilitates a high-sugar diet, adopting a diverse diet and restricting sugar intake according to WHO and AHA guidelines seem beneficial to systemic and periodontal health. Since clinical evidence is limited, future research should study the effectiveness of dietary interventions that control sugar consumption in preventing and managing the global public health problem of periodontal inflammation.

The Influence of Physical Activity and Diet Mobile Apps on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Meta-Review.

The literature on whether physical activity (PA) and PA and diet (PA+Diet) mobile apps improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is promising. The aim of this meta-review is to provide an evidence synthesis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the influence of PA and PA+Diet apps on the major CVD risk factors. We systematically searched 5 databases until January 12, 2022. Included systematic reviews and meta-analyses (1) reported the CVD risk factor outcomes of BMI, waist circumference, body weight, blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, or PA; (2) enrolled healthy participants ≥18 years who may or may not have the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, or preexisting CVD risk factors; (3) reviewed PA or PA+Diet app interventions integrating behavioral change techniques (BCT) to deliver their information; and (4) had a nonapp control. In total, 17 reviews (9 systematic reviews and 8 meta-analyses) published between 2012 and 2021 qualified. Participants were middle-aged, mostly women ranging in number from 10 to 62,219. Interventions lasted from 1 to 24 months, with the most common behavioral strategies being personalized feedback (n=8), self-monitoring (n=7), and goal setting (n=5). Of the PA app systematic reviews (N=4), the following CVD risk factors improved: body weight and BMI (n=2, 50%), BP (n=1, 25%), HbA1c (n=1, 25%), and blood lipids (n=1, 25%) decreased, while PA (n=4, 100%) increased. Of the PA+Diet app systematic reviews (N=5), the following CVD risk factors improved: body weight and BMI (n=3, 60%), BP (n=1, 20%), and HbA1c (n=3, 60%) decreased, while PA (n=3, 60%) increased. Of the PA app meta-analyses (N=1), the following CVD risk factors improved: body weight decreased (-0.73 kg, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.01; P=.05) and PA increased by 25 minutes/week (95% CI 0.58-1.68; P<.001), while BMI (-0.09 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.10; P=.35) and waist circumference (-1.92 cm, 95% CI -3.94 to 0.09; P=.06) tended to decrease. Of the PA+Diet app meta-analyses (n=4), the following CVD risk factors improved: body weight (n=4, 100%; from -1.79 kg 95% CI -3.17 to -0.41; P=.01 to -2.80 kg 95% CI -4.54 to -1.06, P=.002), BMI (n=1, 25%; -0.64 kg/m2, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.18; P=.01), waist circumference (n=1, 25%; -2.46 cm, 95% CI -4.56 to -0.36; P=.02), systolic/diastolic BP (n=1, 25%; -4.22/-2.87 mm Hg, 95% CI -6.54 to -1.91/ -4.44 to -1.29; P<.01), and HbA1c (n=1, 25%; -0.43%, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.19; P<.001) decreased. PA and PA+Diet apps appear to be most consistent in improving PA and anthropometric measures with favorable but less consistent effects on other CVD risk factors. Future studies are needed that directly compare and better quantify the effects of PA and PA+Diet apps on CVD risk factors. PROSPERO CRD42023392359; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=392359.

Association of the Number of Concurrent Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors with Textbook Outcomes Following Liver Resection for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study.

There is little information regarding the impact of the number of concurrent metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors on the textbook outcomes (TO) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following liver resection. Data from patients who underwent liver resection between 2015 and 2023 in a multicenter database were retrospectively reviewed (N = 3156). According to the guidelines, MetS risk factors include obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In this study, 2056 (65.1%) patients achieved TO. The incidence of TO was 63.1% in patients with ≥ 1 MetS risk factor, which was lower than that in patients without any MetS risk factors (67.5%, P = 0.011). As the number of MetS risk factors increased, the probability of not achieving TO gradually increased. The non-TO rates in patients with no, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 MetS risk factors were 32.5%, 35.9%, 37.6% and 40.2%, respectively (Ptrend = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that the number of MetS risk factors (0 as a reference; 1, OR 1.220, 95% CI 1.029-1.447, P = 0.022; 2, OR 1.397, 95% CI 1.113-1.755, P = 0.004; ≥ 3, OR 1.647, 95% CI 1.197-2.264, P = 0.002) independently contributed to non-TO in patients with HCC after liver resection. Both the 5-year recurrence-free survival (TO: 50.7% versus non-TO: 43.9%, P < 0.001) and overall survival rates (TO: 71.0% versus non-TO: 58.7%, P < 0.001) of TO patients were significantly better than those of non-TO patients. Concurrent MetS risk factors can adversely impact TO achievement in patients with HCC after liver resection. The more risk factors patients have, the less likely they are to achieve TO.

Anticancer properties and prevention of metabolic syndrome by probiotic-enriched powdered human milk

This work aimed to develop a novel formulation based on human milk (HM) enriched with a probiotic formulation comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactobacillus casei LBC80R and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLR2 and to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties and its impact on the prevention of risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In vitro studies were conducted on Hepa-1c1c7, HT-29, and CHO-K1 cell lines to assess the antiproliferative and anticancer properties of HM and probiotics. The in vivo study was conducted with 28 male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Rats were daily force-fed with HM and HM + probiotics or water for 8 weeks. Inflammation and oxidative stress were monitored through blood cytokines and kidney investigation. Body weight and blood glucose were recorded throughout the study. The results showed that HM had antiproliferative properties and caused apoptosis of intestinal tumoral cells. Quinone reductase (QR) was induced up to 1.8x in Hepa-1c1c7 cell line demonstrating chemotherapeutic potential. HM enriched with probiotics reduced weight gain by 10% while renal oxidative damages were reduced by up to 97%. Blood insulin and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were also significantly reduced. The study showed that HM had antiproliferative and chemopreventive properties on cancer cell lines. The in vivo experiment suggests that the development of a formulation based on HM powder enriched with probiotics could be used to modulate the rate of inflammation and oxidative damage to tissues, thus reducing the risk of obesity-related diseases.

Green Tea and Green Coffee Therapy for Aortic Calcification Prevention in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats: Effects on Expression of AKT, mTOR, RUNX2, and Osteopontin Levels

Metabolic syndrome (METS) consists of several independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of which is vascular calcification (VC). Increased oxidative stress is essential in the pathogenesis of CVD in METS. One of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of VC is the AKT pathway. Green tea and green coffee have many health benefits, including treating METS risk factors. Although several benefits of green tea and green coffee are known, there is not much information regarding the effects of these 2 extracts for treating heart disease, which is often found in METS sufferers. This research explores the benefits of green tea and green coffee extracts in preventing VC in METS through the AKT/MTOR mechanism. This research focuses on the mechanism of CVD in the AKT-mTOR, RUNX activity, and osteopontin (OPN) expression as one of the downstream pathogenesis of CVD in METS. The research was conducted on METS model rat treated with metformin and green tea with green coffee extracts. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a diet high in fat and sugar until they met METS for 4 months, then given treatment for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks, the rat had their aortas isolated for staining with specific antibodies to AKT1, MTOR, RUNX2, and serum OPN levels were measured using ELISA-sandwich methods. There was an increase in the expression of AKT1 and MTOR and a decrease in RUNX2 and OPN2, which was better than rat not treated with green tea and green coffee (p &lt; 0.05). A significant reduction was found in the green tea and green coffee therapy group, which was better than when given metformin alone (p &lt; 0.05). The results of this research showed that there is good potential for therapy using green tea and green coffee extracts to prevent VC in metabolic syndrome models. HIGHLIGHTS Metabolic syndrome consists of several independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, one of which is vascular calcification. Increased oxidative stress is essential in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome. This study explores the benefits of green tea and green coffee extracts in preventing vascular calcification in the metabolic syndrome model through the AKT/MTOR mechanism. This research focuses on the mechanism of CVD in the AKT-mTOR, RUNX activity, and osteopontin (OPN) expression as one of the downstream patogenesis of CVD in METS. The research was conducted on METS model rats treated with metformin and green tea with green coffee extracts. In conclusion, this study showed the potential for therapeutic use of green tea and green coffee extracts to prevent vascular calcification in rat models of metabolic syndrome by increasing AKT1 expression, decreasing MTOR and RUNX2, with the main implication of reducing the circular protein product, osteopontin. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Association between sensory processing patterns and stress among communitydwelling people with metabolic syndrome

Background: Stress is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). High and low sensory stimulation can trigger high stress, but no research exists on the relationship between sensory processing patterns and stress among people with MetS. Objective: This study examined the association between sensory processing patterns and stress. Materials and methods: A total of 117 people with MetS in the Nam Phrea subdistrict, Hang-Dong District, Chiang-Mai Province, Thailand, aged 35-85, completed the Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment-Adult Version (TSPA) and the Thai Stress Test (TST-24). Demographic and metabolic variable information was gathered. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics and stress. Spearman’s correlation and regression analysis examined the associations between the sensory processing patterns in each sensory modality and stress scores. Results: A total stress score was significantly correlated with preferences in visual and auditory senses, as well as with arousal levels in visual and smell-taste senses (r =-0.397, -0.199, -0.358, 0.268, and p&lt;0.05). Regression analysis revealed that stress can be predicted by preferences and arousal levels in visual and smell-taste senses (R2 =0.156, 0.039, 0.174, and 0.050, respectively; p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that sensory processing patterns might associated with stress, which is a predictor of MetS. Health professionals can utilize acquired knowledge to implement sensory-based interventions for individuals with MetS to address their stress issues.

Effects of a nutrition education program on metabolic syndrome risk factors in middleaged Korean adults: an intervention study

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program on metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean adults. Methods: A total of 411 Korean adults 30–59 years of age were allocated randomly into three groups: the nutrition education group for promoting Han-sik consumption (HG), the nutrition education group for eating balanced diet (EG), and the control group (CG). The HG and EG received four face-to-face nutrition education sessions over 16 weeks to improve nutritional problems based on the individual’ usual diet. Effectiveness of the program was evaluated with the differences of self-reported dietary behaviors, dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements and biochemical indices between the baseline and the end of the nutrition education program. The changes within groups were analyzed using paired t-test and McNemar test and effectiveness among three groups was analyzed by repeated analysis of variance. Results: After the nutrition education, the percentages of participants who achieved the recommended food group consumption in the Korean Food Guidance Systems significantly increased in HG (P = 0.022). Body weight (P = 0.007), body mass index (P = 0.002), and triglycerides (P = 0.002) significantly decreased in HG. Waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure decreased in all three groups (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study found that tailored nutrition education program for middle aged Korean adults showed beneficial effects on improving dietary behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk factors. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of the nutrition education programs on metabolic syndrome risks.

Movement- and Posture-based Measures of Sedentary Patterns and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Adults.

Sedentary behavior has been identified as a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear if the sedentary pattern measurement approach (posture vs. movement) impacts observed associations or if associations differ for Hispanic/Latino communities, who have higher risk of MetS. Participants from the Community of Mine (CoM) study (N = 602) wore hip-based accelerometers for 14days and completed MetS-associated biomarker assessment (triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, waist circumference). Sedentary patterns were classified using both cutpoints (movement-based) and the Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) algorithm (posture-based). We used logistic regression to estimate associations between MetS with sedentary patterns overall and stratified by Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. CHAP and cutpoint sedentary patterns were consistently associated with MetS. When controlling for total sedentary time and moderate to vigorous physical activity, only CHAP-measured median sedentary bout duration (OR = 1.15, CI: 1.04, 1.28) was significant. In stratified analysis, CHAP-measured median bout duration and time spent in sedentary bouts ≥ 30min were each associated with increased odds of MetS, but the respective associations were stronger for Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (OR = 1.71 and 1.48; CI = 1.28-2.31 and 1.12-1.98) than for non-Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (OR = 1.43 and 1.40; CI = 1.10-1.87 and 1.06-1.87). The way sedentary patterns are measured can impact the strength and precision of associations with MetS. These differences may be larger in Hispanic/Latino ethnic groups and warrants further research to inform sedentary behavioral interventions in these populations.

Dietary fatty acid pattern and its association with metabolic profile among overweight and obese adults

BackgroundNumerous studies have revealed the role of dietary fatty acids in human health. However, few studies have evaluated dietary fatty acid patterns and their association with metabolic parameters. The current study aimed to explore the association between dietary fatty acid patterns and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among overweight and obese adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 340 participants who were overweight or obese. The study included assessments of body composition and anthropometric measurements. Dietary fatty acid consumption was evaluated using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) containing 168 items. Additionally, biochemical parameters, including serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and insulin levels, were measured using enzymatic methods. Fatty acid patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and the association between these dietary FA patterns and risk factors related to MetS components was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsFactor analysis conducted in this study explored three dietary fatty acid patterns: saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and long-chain combined fatty acids (LC-CFA). Those at the highest tertile of the SFA pattern had lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.03). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was lower in the second and third tertiles (P ≤ 0.05). Also, higher fasting blood glucose (FBS) was observed in the second and third tertiles (P < 0.05), and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in the third tertile (P = 0.049). In the PUFA pattern, FBS was lower in the third tertile (P = 0.03). In the LC-CFA pattern, lower TC was achieved in higher tertiles (P = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that consuming high and moderate SFA patterns is associated with higher FBS and HOMA-IR. Also, increased consumption of SCFAs is related to lower DPB and LDL. Individuals who consumed more PUFA, especially linoleic acid, had lower FBS. These outcomes might be beneficial in managing MetS and leading to a new field of research.

Fresh Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the Diet Improves the Features of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Study in Postmenopausal Women.

(1) Background: According to the 2005~2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT), more than half of Taiwanese women (57.3%) had metabolic syndrome during menopause. Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and mortality. Epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of tomato-based foods might reduce the risk factors for CVD. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of tomato consumption on lowering the metabolic syndrome risk factors among overweight postmenopausal women. (2) Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial using 8-week open-label dietary intervention. Overweight postmenopausal women aged 45-70 years old were recruited from Taipei Medical University in October 2013. They were randomly assigned into two groups (a control diet vs. a tomato diet). Blood samples were collected at the baseline and at the 4th and 8th weeks. The lipid profile, blood sugar, and antioxidant biomarkers, i.e., the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and serum carotenoids, were analyzed. Blood pressure, body weight, and body fat were also measured every week. (3) Results: After the 8-week dietary intervention, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly lower in both groups (p < 0.05). Body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly lower in the tomato diet group than in the control diet group. The tomato diet group had significantly lower serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure and blood sugar, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than the control diet group. The antioxidant biomarkers, FRAP, beta-carotenoids, and lycopene were significantly higher in the tomato diet group than in the control diet group. (4) Conclusions: Fresh tomato consumption can increase antioxidant biomarkers to reduce risks of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Association of sleep timing, sleep duration, and sleep latency with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Korea: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study

ObjectiveSleep is a potential risk factor for metabolic syndrome. We investigated the associations of various sleep characteristics with the status and incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Koreans. MethodsUsing data from a community-based Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study on participants aged 30-50years, cross-sectional (n = 1984) and longitudinal (n = 1216, median follow-up: 2.1years) analyses were performed. To study the association of metabolic syndrome and five components with various sleep characteristics, measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, we used Poisson and logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, adjusting for covariates. ResultsOf 1984 participants, 66%, 19%, and 15% belonged to the non-metabolic syndrome, pre-metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome groups, respectively. After covariate adjustments, the pre-metabolic syndrome group was associated with late mid-sleep time (≥5:00; prevalence ratios 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.54) and late bedtime (≥2:00; prevalence ratios 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.34), and the metabolic syndrome group was associated with long sleep latency (prevalence ratios 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.73), poor sleep quality (prevalence ratios 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.78), and early wake time (<6:00; prevalence ratios 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.63). Longitudinal analysis of participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline indicated a significant increase in metabolic syndrome risk associated with very short sleep duration (<6 hours; hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.79), long sleep latency (>30 minutes; hazard ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.12), and early wake time (<6:00 o’clock; hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.97). ConclusionSleep characteristics, such as short duration, long latency, and early wake time, were associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults.

Perfluorononanoic acid as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome: A case-control study

BackgroundCurrent epidemiological results from studies linking per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain inconsistent. ObjectivesWe aim to investigate the association between serum PFASs and MetS using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States (US NHANES) 2017–2018. MethodsThe Bayesian kernel regression (BKMR) and weighted quantiles sum regression (WQS) models were used to assess the association of serum PFASs with MetS and calculate the weight of each substance. Stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to study the effect modification and the robustness of the study results, respectively. ResultsAll statistical models used in this study consistently indicated that serum perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was positively associated with an increased risk of MetS. The BKMR model revealed that serum PFASs mixtures had a combined toxic effect on MetS and its components, and serum PFNA could contribute the most to driving the overall association. Specifically, the combined exposure of PFASs was significantly associated with lipids (LP), among which serum PFNA contributed significantly to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and serum perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA) was significantly positively correlated with triglyceride (TG). Besides, a nonlinear dose-response relationship between PFASs and MetS was observed. The final stratified analysis results underscore the critical importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, as obesity, smoking, and consume carryout/delivered foods exhibit effect modification on the association between PFASs and MetS. ConclusionOur findings point to PFNA as a risk factor for metabolic diseases, particularly affecting lipids.

Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Nurses Hospital Banten, Indonesia

Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Nurses Hospital Banten, Indonesia