Components Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundAntipsychotic drugs may have adverse effects on the components of metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have shown that changes in the intestinal microbiome are associated with metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of synbiotics on the components of metabolic syndrome as primary outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. Secondary outcomes were HbA1c, insulin resistance, LDL-c, and anthropometric measurements.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, seventy patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic drugs who had at least two criteria of metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into two groups to receive either two capsules of a synbiotic supplement or a placebo daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after the intervention.ResultsFifty-five patients completed the study. The synbiotic supplement significantly decreased waist circumference and HbA1C compared to placebo (-2.66 ± 4.20 vs. 3.03 ± 4.50 and − 0.26 ± 0.54 vs. 0.20 ± 0.75, respectively). Although BMI did not change significantly in the synbiotic + antipsychotic group, it increased in the placebo + antipsychotic group (-0.37 ± 1.00 vs. 0.61 ± 1.09 P < 0.5). LDL-c and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased significantly in the synbiotic + antipsychotic group, but the change was not significantly different from that of the placebo + antipsychotic group. FBS, HDL-c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and total cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups after intervention.ConclusionSynbiotic supplement may decrease waist circumference, HbA1c, LDL and TG and prevent BMI increase in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT Number: IRCT20090901002394N45), Date: 26-12-2019.

Diabetes Risk Factors in People With HIV Receiving Pitavastatin Versus Placebo for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention : A Randomized Trial.

REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) led to new guidelines for statin use among people with HIV (PWH) with low to moderate risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Little is known about the natural history of diabetes mellitus (DM) or mechanisms contributing to statin effects on DM among this population. To determine the contribution of known DM risk factors to excess risk for DM with pitavastatin in REPRIEVE. Phase 3, primary ASCVD prevention trial over a median of 5.6 years of follow-up. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02344290). Global, multicenter trial. 7731 PWH aged 40 to 75 years with low to moderate ASCVD risk (by the pooled cohort equations from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association) without DM at study entry. Random 1:1 assignment to pitavastatin, 4 mg daily, or placebo. New-onset DM was determined at each visit by clinical diagnosis requiring initiation of medication treatment for DM. The incidence of new-onset DM was assessed in relation to predefined demographic and metabolic risk factors, stratified by treatment group. Treatment effects of pitavastatin on progression to new DM in key subgroups were determined. Participants with at least 3 DM risk factors (vs. no risk factors) had increased risk for DM in each treatment group (incidence rate, 3.24 per 100 person-years [PY] vs. 0.34 per 100 PY [pitavastatin] and 2.66 per 100 PY vs. 0.27 per 100 PY [placebo]). The incidence of DM was highest in South Asia. In adjusted analyses, high body mass index, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome components were strongly associated with new-onset DM (all P < 0.005). Pitavastatin was the only statin assessed; DM was assessed clinically. Metabolic risk factors, including prediabetes and obesity, contributed to new-onset DM in statin- and placebo-treated participants. A clinically significant effect of pitavastatin on DM was seen primarily among those with multiple risk factors for DM at entry. Strategies targeting key metabolic risk factors, like obesity and prediabetes, may help protect against DM among PWH. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.

Investigating the Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome with Physical Activity and Eating Habits: The Result of the Tabari Cohort Study

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic issues that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Objectives: To reduce deaths from type 2 diabetes and heart disease, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and eating habits in participants of the Tabari cohort study. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data from the Tabari cohort in an urban and mountain area in Sari, Mazandaran, was utilized from June 2015 to November 2017. Background information of participants was documented, and their eating habits were assessed using a food habit questionnaire. Additionally, the physical activity levels of the participants were recorded. All individuals were assessed for metabolic syndrome according to the third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) guidelines. The gathered data was then inputted into SPSS V.23 software for analysis. Qualitative variables, such as demographic and epidemiological data, were compared between the two groups using the chi-square test, while quantitative variables were compared using an independent t-test. Results: A total of 10,255 adults between the ages of 35 and 70 participated in this study, and after applying entry and exit criteria, 9,976 people, including 4,083 with metabolic syndrome and 5,893 healthy individuals, were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in the average Body Mass Index (BMI) between individuals with metabolic syndrome (30.6 ± 4.5 kg/m²) and healthy individuals (26.8 ± 4.4 kg/m²). However, individuals with metabolic syndrome exhibited significantly higher values for height, weight, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, and wrist circumference compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The average Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) for the entire population was 43.03 ± 9.27, with a median of 40.68 (range: Twenty-four-one hundred three) hours/day. A greater percentage of individuals with metabolic syndrome (57.0%) and healthy individuals (45.2%) had MET values below the average (P = 0.001). Regarding energy intake, individuals with metabolic syndrome consumed an average of 2189.74 ± 721.90 calories, while healthy individuals consumed 2354.92 ± 4.04 calories, showing a significant difference (P = 0.006). Moreover, healthy individuals demonstrated significantly higher consumption of added salt in food, fried foods, fried potatoes, fried onions, fried vegetables, and various types of cooking oils compared to those with metabolic syndrome (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of the Tabari cohort study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mazandaran was 41.10%, highlighting the need for prevention and screening programs. In this study, individuals with metabolic syndrome consumed fewer fried foods, trans fats, and daily calories compared to the healthy group. Considering that this study is cross-sectional and utilized data from the Tabari cohort, it is assumed that the difference is due to dietary compliance and lifestyle changes in patients with metabolic syndrome. It is recommended that prospective studies be designed to evaluate the causes of differences in metabolic syndrome components between the two groups.

7669 Higher Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Associated With a Deleterious Metabolic and Inflammatory Profile in Brazilian Adolescents: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract Disclosure: F.Q. Iorra: None. M.P. Guahnon: None. P.G. Rodrigues: None. A.T. Barcelos: None. F.V. Cureau: None. M. Drehmer: None. B.D. Schaan: None. Introduction: The association of high serum uric acid (sUA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have been widely studied, but there are still gaps in how this breakdown product of purine metabolism might refine cardiovascular risk assessment and correlate with other cardiovascular disease biomarkers, especially in children and adolescents. Objective: To evaluate if sUA is associated with metabolic syndrome components and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 786 individuals aged 12 to 17 years old, previously enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) - a Brazilian nationwide school based study, and who were from the city of Porto Alegre, had their sUA measured from blood samples that were stored in a biorepository. Anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure data were collected. MetS diagnosis was based on the International Diabetes Federation age-specific criteria (2005), and insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA-IR. In accordance with a non-parametric distribution, sUA was divided into quartiles (3.7 mg/dL, 4.4 mg/dL, 5.3 mg/dL for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively) for the analysis. A linear regression model and a Poisson regression model with robust error variance were used, both adjusted for age, sex and skin color. Results: Participants were 14.8 ± 1.5 years-old, predominantly women (61.7%), self-identified as white skin color (72%) and eutrophic (66.9%). Through the linear regression model, significant positive associations were found between high sUA levels and body mass index Z-score, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and C-reactive protein, and significant negative associations were observed for HDL cholesterol and adiponectin. No association was found between sUA and glucose or HbA1c. We also computed a metabolic risk score as the mean Z score of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (negative Z score), triglycerides and glucose, which was positive related to sUA (β ± SE = 0.13 ± 0.02; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Finally, the Poisson regression model was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) for MetS and its components, between adolescents with sUA in the 4th quartile to those in the 1st quartile. An association was observed for MetS (PR 6.37, 95% CI 1.39 - 29.21, p 0.017), high waist circumference (PR 4.61, 95% CI 2.55 - 8.36, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and increased triglycerides (PR 4.76, 95% CI 1.47 - 15.44, p 0.009). Conclusion: High sUA levels were associated with a worse metabolic and inflammatory profile, as well as a greater prevalence of MetS and some of its components in adolescents. Therefore, uric acid should be considered as a potential additional marker of cardiovascular risk in this population. Support: CNPq, CAPES, FIPE, FAPERGS. Presentation: 6/1/2024

9193 Higher Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Associated With a Deleterious Metabolic and Inflammatory Profile in Brazilian Adolescents: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract Disclosure: F.Q. Iorra: None. M.P. Guahnon: None. P.G. Rodrigues: None. A.T. Barcelos: None. F.V. Cureau: None. M. Drehmer: None. B.D. Schaan: None. Introduction: The association of high serum uric acid (sUA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have been widely studied, but there are still gaps in how this breakdown product of purine metabolism might refine cardiovascular risk assessment and correlate with other cardiovascular disease biomarkers, especially in children and adolescents. Objective: To evaluate if sUA is associated with metabolic syndrome components and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 786 individuals aged 12 to 17 years old, previously enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) - a Brazilian nationwide school based study, and who were from the city of Porto Alegre, had their sUA measured from blood samples that were stored in a biorepository. Anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure data were collected. MetS diagnosis was based on the International Diabetes Federation age-specific criteria (2005), and insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA-IR. In accordance with a non-parametric distribution, sUA was divided into quartiles (3.7 mg/dL, 4.4 mg/dL, 5.3 mg/dL for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively) for the analysis. A linear regression model and a Poisson regression model with robust error variance were used, both adjusted for age, sex and skin color. Results: Participants were 14.8 ± 1.5 years-old, predominantly women (61.7%), self-identified as white skin color (72%) and eutrophic (66.9%). Through the linear regression model, significant positive associations were found between high sUA levels and body mass index Z-score, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and C-reactive protein, and significant negative associations were observed for HDL cholesterol and adiponectin. No association was found between sUA and glucose or HbA1c. We also computed a metabolic risk score as the mean Z score of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (negative Z score), triglycerides and glucose, which was positive related to sUA (β ± SE = 0.13 ± 0.02; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Finally, the Poisson regression model was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) for MetS and its components, between adolescents with sUA in the 4th quartile to those in the 1st quartile. An association was observed for MetS (PR 6.37, 95% CI 1.39 - 29.21, p 0.017), high waist circumference (PR 4.61, 95% CI 2.55 - 8.36, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and increased triglycerides (PR 4.76, 95% CI 1.47 - 15.44, p 0.009). Conclusion: High sUA levels were associated with a worse metabolic and inflammatory profile, as well as a greater prevalence of MetS and some of its components in adolescents. Therefore, uric acid should be considered as a potential additional marker of cardiovascular risk in this population. Support: CNPq, CAPES, FIPE, FAPERGS. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Effect of Mediterranean Diet Composition on Metabolic Syndrome Marker Parameters Based on NCEP-ATP III Criteria

Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities in the body, including central obesity, elevated blood pressure, high glucose, and triglyceride levels, as well as low HDL levels. The Mediterranean diet, known for its specific composition, is believed to mitigate metabolic syndrome. This study aims to assess the impact of adhering to the Mediterranean diet on individuals with metabolic syndrome. It employs an observational analytic approach, utilizing a prospective cohort of 30 participants who followed the Mediterranean diet regimen as part of their treatment at a clinic in Bandung City. Systematic Random Sampling was used to select participants, and blood pressure was measured at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the study. Data on dietary intake were collected using the Relative Mediterranean Diet (rMED) scale via a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test, were conducted to compare dietary compositions across adherence groups and to assess the impact of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome components. The findings revealed that participants, with an average age of 57.94 years and 69.44% female, experienced significant improvements in certain metabolic syndrome components, such as waist circumference (fruit and nut intake), triglycerides (vegetable intake), HDL (meat intake), and blood glucose (dairy product intake). However, no significant effects were observed for legumes, seeds, fish, and olive oil components on MetS. Keywords: components, Mediterranean diet, MetS, NCEP-ATP III

Protocol for Cancloz: multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group adaptive trial of cannabidiol for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Although clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), only 40% of people with TRS respond, and there is limited evidence for augmentation agents. Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces positive symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, but no trials have specifically examined its efficacy in those with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. To examine the clinical efficacy of CBD augmentation in people with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. This is a 12-week randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial (registration number: ACTRN12622001112752). We will recruit 88 individuals with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, randomised (1:1) to 1000 mg daily CBD versus placebo. Eligible individuals will be aged between 18 and 64 years, fulfil DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, have a total PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) score ≥60, have received oral clozapine for at least 18 weeks and have a clozapine level of >350 ng/mL. Interim analyses will be conducted at 25, 50 and 75% recruitment; these will also provide an opportunity to reallocate participants dependent on conditional power. The primary endpoint will be the difference in PANSS positive scores at the end of week 12. Secondary endpoints include depression, anxiety, sleep, quality of life, alcohol consumption, change in weight and metabolic syndrome components, and neurocognitive measures, as well as safety and tolerability. Novel treatments for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia are urgently needed. If found to be effective, CBD may have a role as a novel and safe adjunct to clozapine.

Insulin resistance reduction, intermittent fasting, and human growth hormone: secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Intense intermittent fasting regimens safely reduce weight to a similar extent as caloric restriction. A previous trial reported low-frequency 26-week intermittent fasting reduced homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) without significant weight loss. During fasting, human growth hormone (HGH) increases substantially, but whether basal HGH modifies the effect of fasting on outcomes of repeated fasting is unknown. In a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02770313, May 12, 2016), subjects (N = 68) were adults ages 21–70 years with modest cholesterol elevation, ≥1 metabolic syndrome component, available HGH measurements, no chronic disease, and no statin or anti-diabetes medication. Randomization was 1:1 to intermittent fasting (24-hour, water-only, twice-per-week for 4 weeks, then once-per-week for 22 weeks) or 26-week ad libitum control. General linear modeling evaluated the interaction of trial arm with baseline HGH for HOMA-IR changes. Subjects with lower baseline HGH had 26-week HOMA-IR changes (p = 0.003) of −1.04 ± 0.99 for fasting versus 0.60 ± 1.04 for controls. Subjects with higher baseline HGH had HOMA-IR changes (p = 0.26) of −0.69 ± 0.75 (fasting) and −0.42 ± 0.92 (controls). The interaction of fasting with lower baseline HGH was significant (p-interaction=0.004). Results were similar for insulin and glucose. Weight loss at 26 weeks was not significantly different between fasting and controls (−1.74 ± 4.81 kg vs. 0.21 ± 3.50 kg, p = 0.08) and was not correlated with changes in HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose, and HGH. In conclusion, lower baseline HGH modified the effect of low-frequency water-only 24-hour fasting in profoundly reducing HOMA-IR over 26 weeks compared both to controls and to fasting subjects with higher baseline HGH.

TO STUDY THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors associated with increased cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk. Thyroid dysfunction (TD), especially hypothyroidism, has been observed more frequently in individuals with MetS. However, the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic syndrome components remains debated. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its association with metabolic syndrome components in patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College &amp; P.G. Institute, Indore. A total of 120 patients meeting the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for metabolic syndrome were included. Detailed history, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure recordings, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and thyroid assays were performed. Statistical analysis using SPSS22 and Excel was employed to assess thyroid dysfunction prevalence and its correlation with metabolic syndrome components. Results: Among 120 patients with metabolic syndrome, 28% had thyroid dysfunction. Hypothyroidism was predominant, with subclinical hypothyroidism being the most common type. Females and older individuals (&gt;45 years) showed a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. Patients with thyroid dysfunction exhibited altered metabolic syndrome components, including increased waist circumference, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, among patients with metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest a potential association between thyroid status and metabolic syndrome components. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in individuals with metabolic syndrome could aid in optimizing clinical management strategies. Further research with larger sample sizes and prospective designs is warranted to explore the impact of thyroid dysfunction management on metabolic syndrome outcomes.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced default mode network functional connectivity in young post-9/11 Veterans.

Metabolic syndrome is a collection of health factors that increases risk for cardiovascular disease. A condition of aging, metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced brain network integrity, including functional connectivity alterations among the default mode, regions vulnerable to neurodegeneration. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is elevated in younger populations including post-9/11 Veterans and individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, but it is unclear whether metabolic syndrome affects brain function in earlier adulthood. Identifying early effects of metabolic syndrome on brain network integrity is critical, as these impacts could contribute to increased risk for cognitive disorders later in life for Veterans. The current study examined whether metabolic syndrome and its individual components were associated with default mode functional connectivity. We also explored the contribution of posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury on these metabolic syndrome-brain relationships. Post-9/11 Veterans with combat deployment history (95 with and 325 without metabolic syndrome) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to capture seed-based resting-state functional connectivity within the default mode. The metabolic syndrome group demonstrated reduced positive functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex seed and the bilateral superior frontal gyrus. Data-driven analyses demonstrated that metabolic syndrome components, particularly cholesterol and central adiposity, were associated with widespread reductions in default mode network connectivity. Functional connectivity was also reduced in participants with metabolic syndrome but without current posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis and with traumatic brain injury history. These results suggest that metabolic syndrome disrupts resting-state functional connectivity decades earlier than prior work has shown.

Risk of Colorectal Cancer among Patients with One or Multiple Metabolic Syndrome Components

Background/Objectives: Dysfunctions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been identified as a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, current colon cancer guidelines do not classify patients with MetS as high risk, thereby leaving these individuals vulnerable. Consequently, we explored the relationship between MetS, its individual components, and the development of CRC in a cohort of patients with MetS to assess the necessity for CRC screening in these individuals. Methods: This study included patients ages 18 and older that received a service from the Marshall-Health (MH) practice plan, Cabell-Huntington Hospital (CHH), MU/JCESOM’s Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center (ECCC), or the University of Kentucky HealthCare (UKHC) system between 2010 and 2018. We implemented log-binomial regression models to assess the individual and collective effects of MetS components after adjusting other CRC risk factors. Results: Given that CRC prevalence increases in the older population (aged 65 years and above), and that multiple components of MetS are observed within the same population, we analyzed the concurrent impact of all MetS components on CRC. Log-binomial regression models were implemented to assess the risk of CRC due to MetS components after adjusting other risk factors. Conclusions: We identified specific components that markedly increased CRC risk, suggesting that individuals with these components should be prioritized for early screening. These findings could significantly influence early CRC screening protocols, with the ultimate aim to reduce mortality associated with the disease.

Proportion and Covariates of Hypothyroidism Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Attending in Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Hypothyroidism in patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with worse outcomes. However, this has not yet been adequately investigated in Bangladeshi people. Objective: To find out the proportion and covariates of hypothyroidism among patients with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 323 patients from the Endocrinology and Allied Medicine Department at BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients with metabolic syndrome but no prior diagnosis of hypothyroidism were included. Detailed history, physical examinations, and thyroid function tests—Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT4), and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO Ab)—were performed. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH &gt;4.12 mIU/L and &lt;10 mIU/L, while overt hypothyroidism was defined as TSH &gt;10 mIU/L. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression, were conducted to explore associations between components of metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction. Results: Out of the 323 participants, 62.8% were euthyroid, 28.5% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 8.7% had overt hypothyroidism. Autoimmune hypothyroidism was confirmed in 31.6% of hypothyroid patients through elevated Anti-TPO Ab levels, a statistically significant finding. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in females and obese individuals. Significant positive correlations were observed between TSH and waist circumference (r=0.153), systolic blood pressure (r=0.271), and triglycerides (r=0.128), while FT4 showed negative correlations. Multiple linear regression indicated significant associations between waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: It was concluded that a higher proportion of metabolic syndrome cases were suffering from hypothyroidism. This necessitates that all MetS patients be screened for thyroid profile and autoimmune status and managed accordingly.

The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Body Mass Index and the Resolution of Other Metabolic Syndrome Components in Patients over 50 Years Old during a Two Year Follow-Up

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome, defined by the coexistence of central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, is a significant contributor to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the aging population. We aimed to determine whether age influences the efficacy of LSG in treating obesity-related comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of lipid profiles, glycemic and clinical parameters was conducted in a group of 786 patients in two age groups (under 50 years old and over 50 years old) who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with follow-ups 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Results: There was a significant improvement in lipid metabolism with no significant differences between the two age groups in these parameters throughout the observation period. Furthermore, there was significant weight loss (54.82 kg vs. 54.56 kg) and BMI reductions (47.71 kg/m2 vs. 47.01 kg/m2 to 29.03 kg/m2 vs. 30.73 kg/m2). Total cholesterol decreased from 198 mg/dL to 184.9 mg/dL (&lt;50 years old) and from 206.4 mg/dL to 193 mg/dL (&gt;50 years old). LDL dropped from 136.2 mg/dL to 116.7 mg/dL and from 141.0 mg/dL to 121.0 mg/dL. Mean HbA1c decreased to comparable levels (5.66% vs. 5.53%). Both groups showed similar rates of remission for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LSG is an effective method for treating components of metabolic syndrome regardless of age, supporting its use as a therapeutic tool for older patients.

Impact of metabolic syndrome components on clinical outcomes in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis.

The incidence of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) is steadily increasing in China, becoming the second leading cause of AP. Clinical complications and outcomes associated with HTG-AP are generally more severe than those seen in AP caused by other etiologies. HTG-AP is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction and frequently coexists with metabolic syndrome or its components. However, the impact of metabolic syndrome components on HTG-AP clinical outcomes remains unclear. To investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome component burden on clinical outcomes in HTG-AP. In this retrospective study of 255 patients diagnosed with HTG-AP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, we collected data on patient demographics, clinical scores, complications, and clinical outcomes. Subsequently, we analyzed the influence of the presence and number of individual metabolic syndrome components, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), on the aforementioned parameters in HTG-AP patients. This study found that metabolic syndrome components were associated with an increased risk of various complications in HTG-AP, with low HDL-C being the most significant risk factor for clinical outcomes. The risk of complications increased with the number of metabolic syndrome components. Adjusted for age and sex, patients with high-component metabolic syndrome had significantly higher risks of renal failure [odds ratio (OR) = 3.02, 95%CI: 1.12-8.11)], SAP (OR = 5.05, 95%CI: 2.04-12.49), and intensive care unit admission (OR = 6.41, 95%CI: 2.42-16.97) compared to those without metabolic syndrome. The coexistence of multiple metabolic syndrome components can synergistically worsen the clinical course of HTG-AP, making it crucial to monitor these components for effective disease management.

Serum concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, inflammatory markers and disease activity in relation with the components of metabolic syndrome in patients with spondyloarthritis

Serum concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, inflammatory markers and disease activity in relation with the components of metabolic syndrome in patients with spondyloarthritis

The role of prolactin levels in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review

Introduction and purpose: Prolactin is primarily associated with lactation and gonadal function, but it also has metabolic effects. Recent research shows prolactin's role in food intake, body weight, glucose, and lipid profile. Both low and excessive prolactin levels can lead to metabolic dysfunctions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 DM, and dyslipidemia. Dopamine agonists, like cabergoline, used to treat hyperprolactinemia, may help balance metabolic homeostasis, likely due to their effect on prolactin. This study aims to synthesize current research on prolactin's metabolic effects, focusing on metabolic syndrome.State of knowledge: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of dysfunctions like central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. It increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, affecting a quarter of the European population. Different combinations of metabolic syndrome components require various treatment approaches. New research focuses on prolactin and dopamine agonists in its pathogenesis and treatment.Materials and methods: This literature review is based on PubMed materials using keywords “prolactin,” “hyperprolactinemia,” “hypoprolactinemia,” “metabolic syndrome,” “diabetes mellitus,” “obesity.”Conclusions: This study highlights prolactin's importance in metabolic homeostasis, finding a positive correlation between both low and high prolactin levels and metabolic syndrome. However, gender differences and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders should be further explored.

Increased miscarriage rate is associated with at least four components of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycle.

This study aimed to investigate the association between the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo transfer cycle. This is a retrospective study that included 720 women with PCOS from January 2018 to December 2021. Anthropometric, biochemical, and reproductive data of the study subjects were collected from electronic medical record. Women with PCOS met <3, 3, and >3 criteria of MetS were classified in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The miscarriage rate in women with MetS was significantly higher than that in non-MetS group (23.2% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.03). There was a significant increasing trend in miscarriage rate from group 1 to group 3 (p for trend <0.05). The miscarriage rate in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (29.3% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that women with at least four components of MetS (group 3) were independently associated with a high risk of miscarriage, with the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for group 2 and 3 versus group 1 were 1.38 (0.67-2.82) and 2.46 (1.06-5.74), respectively (p for trend = 0.04). PCOS women accompanied with at least four diagnostic criteria of MetS is independently associated with increased miscarriage rate when undergoing their first IVF or ICSI cycle.

Assessment of vitamin D status in obese and non-obese patients: A case-control study

BackgroundVitamin D is an essential component of healthy bones and its deficiency is widespread in obese patients. Through our study, we aimed to look into vitamin D status in obese and non-obese patients and determine its association with hypertension, glucose levels, and lipid profiles. Patients and methodsA case-control study was laid out to compare serum Vitamin D levels between obese patients and controls. Obese patients (n= 67) over 18 years old were recruited from our Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition department between March 2018 and September 2023. Controls (n = 60) were randomly assigned and were matched for age, sex, glycated hemoglobin, ethnicity, and geographic area. The levels of Vitamin D in the serum were determined in obese patients and non-obese controls. ResultsAverage serum Vitamin D concentration was established in both groups, reaching 10,41±4,2 ng/ml in obese patients and 15,14±6,1 ng/ml in the control group. The mean serum Vitamin D was significantly lower in the obese group (p = 0,000). A positive correlation was noticed between body fat and serum Vitamin D (p < 0,05). A significant correlation between vitamin D status and glycated hemoglobin in the obese group (p = 0,047) was found, whereas it was insignificant in the control group (p = 0,966). In addition, the correlation between vitamin D, blood pressure, and body mass index was significant (p= 0.004) as well as between vitamin D and triglycerides (p= 0.015) and cholesterol (p= 0.014). ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is common in obese patients, as highlighted by our study, which is in line with other findings. This may be explained by the fact that vitamin D must be supplied at a greater volume in obese patients. A significant correlation between BMI, vitamin D, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol was found. The pathophysiology behind this association is complex. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D, adipose tissue, and the other components of metabolic syndrome.

Progressive Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Regulation as the Number of Metabolic Syndrome Components Increases.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Compelling evidence supports the key role of dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in that association, as well as mutual correlation among the components of MetS. The autonomic nervous system index (ANSI) is a percentile-ranked unitary proxy of cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) that is designed to be free of age and sex bias, with higher values indicating better autonomic control. This study investigates CAR using the ANSI in patients with MetS. A total of 133 patients referred to the Exercise Medicine Clinic of Istituto Auxologico Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) underwent CAR assessment using the ANSI and answered lifestyle questions in ad hoc questionnaires. The participants were retrospectively subdivided into two groups according to the presence or absence of MetS criteria. Of the subjects, 58 were diagnosed with MetS, and 75 were not (no MetS). The ANSI was significantly impaired (32.9 vs. 44.8, P<0.01) in the MetS group, and ANSI scores showed a decreasing trend (P=0.004) as the number of MetS components increased. No significant lifestyle differences were found between the groups. The ANSI was significantly reduced in subjects with MetS, and CAR impairment became progressively more apparent as the number of MetS components increased.

High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or non-exercise control (CON) for modification of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and other cardiometabolic...