Metabolic Risk Factors In Patients Research Articles

The association of serum uric acid level with metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and their relation to eGFR status

BackgroundThe importance of uric acid has been increasingly appreciated because of its association with the development of diabetes mellitus and related diseases, and with the increasing incidence of diabetes, studying the impact of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes type 2 is necessary. So we aimed to measure serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with diabetes type 2 and to assess the relation between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the SUA in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Subjects and methodsThis study is a cross-sectional conducted on 142 adult patients who attended the Outpatients Diabetes Clinic and Endocrinology Center in the Department of Internal Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, in the period from the 1st of November 2021 up to October 2022. We measured serum uric acid level, serum creatinine, cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and eGFR.ResultsOverall, 142 patients were enrolled in the study; all patients had type 2 diabetes. The mean age of the participants was 61.08 ± 9.73 years. Based on SUA level, 46 (32.4%) patients had normal SUA and 96 (67.6%) patients had high SUA. Sixty-nine (48.6%) patients had normal eGFR and 73 (51.4%) patients had reduced eGFR. We found that serum uric acid had a positive significant correlation with the number of metabolic syndrome criteria, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Meanwhile, it had a negative significant correlation with eGFR and high-density lipoproteins.ConclusionSerum uric acid was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome components and reduced eGFR in patients with T2DM.

Arthritis prevalence is associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors but not with physical activity in middle-aged and older patients - a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn light of the aging population, increasingly suffering from the metabolic syndrome (MS), strategies need to be developed to address global public health challenges known to be associated with MS such as arthritis. As physical activity (PA) may play a crucial role in tackling those challenges, this study aimed to determine the association between the number of MS risk factors, PA and arthritis in people ≥ 50 years old.MethodsData from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used to estimate the prevalence of arthritis and MS risk factors in the European population ≥ 50 years and to evaluate the associations between MS risk factors, PA and arthritis. Binary logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio of different factors.Results73,125 participants were included in the analysis. 55.75% of patients stated at least one of the three MS risk factors. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA)/other rheumatism among ≥ 50 years population was 10.19% and 19.32% respectively. Females showed a higher prevalence of arthritis than males. Prevalence did not differ between groups with different levels of PA. Arthritis prevalence was positively correlated with the number of MS risk factors (P < 0.01) but not with PA (P > 0.05).ConclusionMiddle-aged and older Europeans with multiple comorbidities suffered from RA, OA or other rheumatism more frequently than participants with fewer comorbidities, while the level of physical activity was not associated with the number of metabolic risk factors in patients with RA and OA/other rheumatism.

CT Measured Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19 Infections

CT Measured Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with COVID-19 Infections

Relation between Vit. D3 and other Metabolic Risk Factors in patients with Cholestatic Liver Disease

Cholestasis defined as distortion of bile duct formation or outflow. hepatic cytotoxicity, fibrosis and biliary sclerosis are the main complications of liver disease. Recently found that significant relationship between cholestasis and vitamin D3 therefore many studies demonstrate that vit.D3 deficiencies may develop to osteomalacia especially in bile duct obstruction. The results were included different parameters like (ALT, AST, ALK.P, TSB and Vit.D3)., also different distributions of patients for examples hypertension, dyslipidaemia, myocardial Infraction and smoking, the results appeared increased significant value (p&lt;0.05) of weight, systolic and diastolic except height, there was decreased level while no significant (p&gt;0.05) of Age in patients as compared with control groups also there was increased significant value (p&lt;0.05) in each of Alanine Transferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK.P), Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) except Vit.D3 there was decreased level while no significant (p&gt;0.05) of Aspartate Transferase (AST) in patients as compared with control groups. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis of ALK.P and Vit.D3 is determined acceptable values of sensitivity and specificity. Also boxplot graphs expressed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences-version used to compare between patients and healthy subjects.

Lifestyle and metabolic risk factors in patients with early-onset myocardial infarction: a case-control study.

Family history is a known risk factor for early-onset myocardial infarction (EOMI). However, the role of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors in EOMI risk is unclear and may differ from that of older adults. This case-control study included myocardial infarction (MI) patients aged ≤45 years from the Bremen ST-elevation MI Registry and matched controls randomly selected from the general population (German National Cohort) at the same geographical region. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the individual and combined associations of lifestyle and metabolic factors with EOMI risk, overall and according to family history for premature MI. A total of 522 cases and 1191 controls were included. Hypertension, current smoking, elevated waist-to-hip ratio, and diabetes mellitus were strongly associated with the occurrence of EOMI. By contrast, higher frequency of alcohol consumption was associated with decreased EOMI risk. In a combined analysis of the risk factors hypertension, current smoking, body mass index ≥25.0 kg/sqm, and diabetes mellitus, participants having one (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 2.9-10.1) and two or more risk factors (OR = 42.3, 95%CI = 22.3-80.4) had substantially higher odds of EOMI compared to those with none of these risk factors, regardless of their family history. This study demonstrates a strong association of smoking and metabolic risk factors with the occurrence of EOMI. The data suggest that the risk of EOMI goes beyond family history and underlines the importance of primary prevention efforts to reduce smoking and metabolic syndrome in young persons.

Metabolic risk factors in patients with comorbidity in Ufa primary health care

<h3></h3> Сочетание таких распространенных хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, как артериальная гипертония и ожирение, представляет собой угрозу не только здоровью, но и жизни больных из-за хронического течения и тяжелых осложнений. Дополнительная опасность кроется в развитии сопутствующих метаболических нарушений, которые усугубляют существующий вред здоровью. К основным метаболическим нарушениям относятся дислипидемия и гипергликемия, которые в свою очередь способствуют развитию ишемической болезни сердца и сахарного диабета 2-го типа у этих больных. <h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Изучить распространенность метаболических нарушений у пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста с артериальной гипертонией, избыточной массой тела/ожирением по данным выборки амбулаторных больных первичного звена здравоохранения г. Уфы. <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> Данные получены во время амбулаторного приема врачами первичного звена здравоохранения г. Уфы. В исследование включены пациенты с артериальной гипертонией, ожирением или избыточной массой тела обоих полов в возрасте от 25 лет. У каждого больного измерены рост и масса тела, уровень артериального давления. Определены метаболические показатели — общий холестерин, липопротеиды высокой и низкой плотности и уровень глюкозы натощак. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> В клиническое исследование включен 351 пациент. У 123 пациентов обнаружено нарушение липидного обмена, у 197 — нарушение углеводного обмена, у 31 — перечисленных нарушений не было. Средний возраст участников 63±2,4 года. Среди включенных в исследование было 116 (33%) мужчин. Средний показатель индекса массы тела составил 28,7±4,6 кг/м². Определены средние показатели уровня общего холестерина у всех обследованных — 6,3±1,0 ммоль/л, а также средние показатели у мужчин и женщин — 6,1±1,0 и 6,4±1,0 ммоль/л соответственно; средние показатели уровня липопротеидов низкой плотности — 4,1±0,9, 4,0±0,8 и 4,2±0,9 ммоль/л соответственно; средние показатели уровня липопротеидов высокой плотности — 1,6±0,4, 1,5±0,2 и 1,6±0,4 ммоль/л соответственно; средние показатели уровня триглицеридов — 1,5±0,8, 1,5±0,6 и 1,5±0,8 ммоль/л соответственно. <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Наши результаты показали, какие метаболические нарушения распространены и насколько они выражены в когорте пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста с артериальной гипертонией, ожирением и избыточной массой тела, обратившихся в первичное звено здравоохранения г. Уфы. При обследовании выявлены признаки атерогенной дислипидемии и предиабета. Больные с артериальной гипертонией и ожирением или избыточной массой тела нуждаются в диспансерном наблюдении для выявления метаболических нарушений и профилактического консультирования с целью предупреждения увеличения массы тела и, как следствие, развития ишемической болезни сердца и сахарного диабета 2-го типа.

S967 The Correlation Between Visceral Abdominal and Total Adipose Tissue With Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

S967 The Correlation Between Visceral Abdominal and Total Adipose Tissue With Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on metabolic risk factors in patients with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AimsThe DASH diet was designed for helping control of blood pressure but, fortunately, it can also be prescribed for many other chronic conditions. The current study intended to assess the potential effects of DASH diet on metabolic risk factors in patients with chronic disease. Data synthesisWe carried out a systematic literature search for RCTs from inception until July 2020. A total of 54 clinical trials were included in the final analysis. Compared to control groups, a significant lower effect of the DASH diet was noted for body weight (−1.59 kg; p < 0.001), BMI (−0.64 kg/m2; p < 0.001), and WC (−1.93 cm; p < 0.001) as well as for SBP (−3.94 mmHg; p < 0.001) and DBP (−2.44 mmHg; P < 0.001). The DASH diet significantly decreased TC (−5.12 mg/dl; p = 0.008) and LDL-C levels (−3.53 mg/dl; p = 0.041), but not HDL-C (0.30 mg/dl; p = 0.510), TG (−4.22 mg/dl; p = 0.067), and VLDL-C (−2.16 mg/dl; p = 0.062). No significant effect of the DASH diet was noted for blood glucose (−0.38 mg/dl; p = 0.216), insulin (−0.03 μIU/mL; p = 0.817), HOMA-IR (−0.15; p = 0.132), and CRP (−0.33 mg/l; p = 0.173). ConclusionsThe DASH diet is a feasible approach to weight loss and to control blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia.

Assessment of metabolic risk factors in patients undergoing antipsychotic drug therapy: A Pharmacist-led study

The drugs used to treat psychiatric illnesses are known as antipsychotics. Antipsychotics have a higher incidence of adverse drug reactions including extrapyramidal side effects and several other metabolic disorders. The main objective of the study is to assess the changes in anthropometric parameters of metabolic risk in patients with severe mental disorders initiated with antipsychotic drug therapy. A prospective observational study was carried out in the psychiatric inpatient unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital for eight months. Eligible patients were enrolled and their baseline and follow-up anthropometric measurements such as body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat index, and waist-hip ratio were taken before and after six weeks of therapy. The changes were documented and analyzed. The most commonly prescribed antipsychotics were olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone and quetiapine. A considerable mean increase in the body weight of 4.5 kg with a mean increase in body mass index of 1.7 kg/m 2 , percentage body fat of 1.84% and the waist-hip ratio of 0.027 was observed among patients treated with olanzapine. Similarly, patients who were prescribed with clozapine also revealed a significant increase in the mean body weight of 4.7 kg, an increase in BMI of 1.75 kg/m 2 , 0.07 of waist-hip ratio and a percentage body fat of 1.4%. On analysis, patients treated with quetiapine and risperidone also showed significant changes in the anthropometric parameters. The overall comparison and statistical analysis of different anthropometric parameters suggest that the changes observed within the parameters were a result of antipsychotic drug therapy. Les médicaments utilisés pour traiter les maladies psychiatriques sont appelés antipsychotiques. Les antipsychotiques ont une incidence plus élevée de réactions indésirables aux médicaments, y compris des effets secondaires extrapyramidaux et plusieurs autres troubles métaboliques. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’évaluer les changements des paramètres anthropométriques du risque métabolique chez les patients atteints de troubles mentaux sévères initiant un traitement médicamenteux antipsychotique. Une étude observationnelle prospective a été menée dans l’unité d’hospitalisation psychiatrique d’un hôpital universitaire de soins tertiaires pendant huit mois. Les patients éligibles ont été recrutés et leurs mesures anthropométriques de base et de suivi telles que le poids corporel, l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), l’indice de graisse et le rapport taille-hanches ont été prises avant et après six semaines de traitement. Les changements ont été documentés et analysés. Les antipsychotiques les plus couramment prescrits étaient l’olanzapine, la clozapine, la rispéridone et la quétiapine. Une augmentation moyenne considérable du poids corporel de 4,5 kg avec une augmentation moyenne de l’indice de masse corporelle de 1,7 kg/m2, un pourcentage de graisse corporelle de 1,84 % et un rapport taille-hanches de 0,027 a été observée chez les patients traités par olanzapine. De même, les patients à qui on a prescrit de la clozapine ont également révélé une augmentation significative du poids corporel moyen de 4,7 kg, une augmentation de l’IMC de 1,75 kg/m2, 0,07 du rapport taille-hanches et un pourcentage de graisse corporelle de 1,4 %. Lors de l’analyse, les patients traités par la quétiapine et la rispéridone ont également montré des changements significatifs dans les paramètres anthropométriques. La comparaison globale et l’analyse statistique de différents paramètres anthropométriques suggèrent que les changements observés dans les paramètres étaient le résultat d’un traitement médicamenteux antipsychotique.

Association Between Insulin Resistance and Other Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertension and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Background: Although overt hypothyroidism is known to be associated with insulin resistance, the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) remains controversial. Objective: to evaluate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with SH and arterial hypertension (AH) and its associations with anthropometric measurements and lipid profile. Materials. Our study included 42 patients with the mean age 45,0±18,0 years (57% women) divided into group 1 – patients with AH only (n=23) and group 2 – patients with AH and SH (n=19). Results. Patients in group 2 significantly differed in the levels of insulin (p=0.026), HOMA-IR (p=0.039), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.027), hip circumference (HC) (p=0.017). Insulin resistance was more common in group 2 (85.7% vs 70.4%). Correlation analysis showed strong associations of HOMA-IR with triglycerides (TG) (r=0.786, p=0.036) and TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (r=0.786, p=0.036), whereas in group 1 associations were of medium strength (r=0.486, p=0.012 and r=0.506, p=0.008 respectively). Weak strength connection was seen with HDL-C (p<0.05) in both groups and with VLDL-C (p=0.011) in group 1. Although HOMA-IR was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), WC to HC ratio (p = 0.036), in group 2 association was seen only with BMI (p=0.021). Overall, the results obtained indicate a more pronounced insulin resistance in patients with AH and SH, which is especially strongly correlated with TG and TG/HDL-C ratio and is also associated with HDL-C and BMI.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Recent Guideline Updates.

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The Occurrence of Metabolic Risk Factors Stratified by Psoriasis Severity: A Swedish Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.

PurposeTo assess the relative risk of metabolic risk factors in patients stratified by psoriasis severity compared with population controls.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using national Swedish registers. Adult patients with psoriasis were selected if they had a dispensing of anti-psoriasis prescription (2007–2013) and at least one diagnosis within five years before the dispensing date. The patients with psoriasis were matched 1:10 to controls from the general population on birth year, sex, and county. The cohort was further divided into three disease severity groups (mild, moderate, or severe) based on their dispensed anti-psoriasis medication. Subjects were followed from the index date until censoring. We applied flexible parametric modeling to understand the risks of the incident comorbidities hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus among patients with psoriasis from 6 months through 10 years. Hazard ratios and predicted risk (ie, 1 minus the survival probability) of comorbidities were reported.ResultsThe hazard of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus is higher among psoriasis patients compared with population controls, and the hazard ratio increases with psoriasis severity. For example, HRs of hypertension for patients with mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis are 1.29 (95% CI: 1.27–1.32), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.32–1.38), and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.64–1.82), respectively. The predicted risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus among patients with severe psoriasis at year ten was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.59), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.35), and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.23), respectively, while it was 0.42 (0.41, 0.43), 0.23 (0.22, 0.23), 0.11 (0.10, 0.11) among controls, respectively. The predicted risk at year ten was similar among patients with mild or moderate psoriasis.ConclusionThe HRs and predicted risks of metabolic risk factors are higher among patients with psoriasis compared with matched controls and are more prominent among the severe psoriasis group.

Physical activity is favorably associated with arterial stiffness in patients with obesity and elevated metabolic risk.

Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are relevant modifiers of cardiovascular risk. Their independent effects on arterial stiffness have not been assessed in people with obesity. This study aimed to assess the independent effects of light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity and CRF on Pulse wave velocity (PWV). Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured cross-sectionally in 55 subjects (43.0±13.8years; 66% women) with moderate cardiovascular risk. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance-analysis. Daily minutes of LPA and MVPA were measured by accelerometry and CRF (peak oxygen uptake [VO2 peak]) with spiroergometry. Independent effects of LPA, MVPA, and VO2 peak on baPWV were analyzed in an age-, sex-, body fat mass-, and blood pressure-adjusted ANOVA. Every 10minutes increase of daily MVPA was associated with a 2.8% (0.32m/s [-0.64 to 0.001m/s], P=.05) reduction of baPWV, whereas LPA and VO2 peak had only a little or no relevant effects on baPWV. Higher MVPA is associated with lower composite arterial stiffness independent of CRF and the number of metabolic risk factors in patients with obesity and further metabolic risk factors. Thus, lifestyle interventions should aim for an increase in MVPA. BaPWV may improve the monitoring of favorable effects of MVPA, even if an improvement of VO2 peak cannot be obtained.

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on total antioxidant capacity, biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of FTO-rs9939609 polymorphism.

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known as one of the most common metabolic diseases and FTO polymorphism has been implicated in the susceptibility to this disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has shown favorable effects on risk factors related to T2DM. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on total antioxidant capacity, biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation and metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM considering the role of FTO polymorphism.Material and methodsIn this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with T2DM (20–60 years) were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 received 300 mg of EGCG (TT genotype). Group 2 received 300 mg of EGCG (AA + AT genotypes) and Group 3 received placebo. We genotyped FTO (rs9939609) and measured body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, profile lipid, interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and total antioxidant capacity, before and after the intervention, at 2 months.ResultsIn carriers of A allele, EGCG intervention caused a significant decrease in BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure and serum cholesterol level compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Also, we found a significant gene-treatment interaction effect between FTO-rs9939609 and EGCG on BMI and DBP (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that carriers of the risk alleles (A) of FTO-rs9939609 have a better response to EGCG in improving BMI and DBP in patients with T2DM.

Cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in patients with subclinical Cushing.

Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are discovered after work-up unrelated to adrenal gland diseases; up to 30% of AI show subclinical endogenous cortisol excess (SH), frequently associated to hypertension, obesity, metabolic disorders and increased incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs). We analysed 628 AI patients divided into two groups: 471 non-functional adrenal adenoma (NFA) and 157 SH. All patients underwent complete examinations, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, biohumoral parameters and vascular damage markers, such as c-IMT and ankle brachial index. After long-term follow-up, we registered newly onset of CVEs such as myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous stenting and surgical bypass (PTA/CABG), stroke, overall/cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, SH patients underwent to surgical (SSH) or pharmacological treatment (MSH). SH patients showed higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and previous CVEs respect NFA at baseline. After follow-up MSH group showed higher recurrence of major CV events compared with NFA and SSH (RR 2.27 MSH vs NFA for MI; RR 2.30 MSH vs NFA for PTA/CABG; RR 2.41 MSH vs NFA for stroke). In SSH there was a significant reduction of the number of antihypertensive medications needed to reach target blood pressure levels (2.3 ± 1.0 to 1.5 ± 0.4 drugs). None differences were found in SH patients, distinguished in relation to cortisol plasma levels after dexamethasone suppression test (1.8-5 µg/dL, above 5 µg/dL). SH is linked to relevant cardiovascular and metabolic alterations, leading to worsen clinical outcomes. In eligible patients, adrenalectomy is valid and safe option to treat SH, reducing cardiometabolic abnormalities.

Perirenal fat thickness is associated with metabolic risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease.

BackgroundAdipose tissue accumulation in specific body compartments has been associated with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Perirenal fat (PRF) may lead to have direct lipotoxic effects on renal function and intrarenal hydrostatic pressure. This study was undertaken to explore the association of PRF with cardiovascular risk factors and different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsWe studied 103 patients with CKD of different stages (1 to 5). PRF was measured by B-mode renal ultrasonography in the distal third between the cortex and the hepatic border and/or spleen.ResultsThe PRF thickness was greater in CKD patients with impaired fasting glucose than in those with normal glucose levels (1.10 ± 0.40 cm vs. 0.85 ± 0.39 cm, P < 0.01). Patients in CKD stages 4 and 5 (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) had the highest PRF thickness. Serum triglyceride levels correlated positively with the PRF thickness; the PRF thickness was greater in patients with triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.09 ± 0.40 cm vs. 0.86 ± 0.36 cm, P < 0.01). In patients with a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, uric acid levels correlated positively with the PRF thickness (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn CKD patients, the PRF thickness correlated significantly with metabolic risk factors that could affect kidney function.

Hypertension is the Prominent Risk Factor in Cataract Patients.

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the most prominent cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: The study included 812 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral, uneventful cataract surgery by means of phacoemulsification, at the 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, during a calendar year. Patients were assessed for the type of cataract and the presence of three diseases, under pharmacological treatment, that have been reported as risk factors for the development of cataract (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the types of cataract and individual risk factors (p < 0.001). Hypertension was the most frequentrisk factor, ranging from 43.8% in patients with subcapsular cataracts, 24.3% in patients with nuclear cataracts, 28.6% in patients with cortical cataracts, and 27.6% in patients with mixed type cataracts. There was a statistically significant difference as to the total number of risk factors per cataract type (p < 0.001); almost all patients with subcapsular cataracts had at least one risk factor (98.4%) while this percentage was 90.5% for patients with mixed cataracts, 85.7% for patients with cortical cataracts, and78.6% for patients with nuclear cataracts. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus did not have a large incidence in our sample as a single risk factor, while hypertension did. This finding raises the importance of early detection of hypertension, a cardiovascular condition that typically progresses undetected for a number of years.

Association between neck circumferences and cardiometabolic risk factors

Background: Anthropometric measures have been used for screening patients for cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic syndrome since many years. There are numerous methods to assessing overweight and obesity, such as measurements of weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and calculation of waist hip ratio and BMI. Due to cultural inhibitions measurement of hip, thigh or waist circumference is cumbersome in females, neck circumference could be an acceptable option for such patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending the outpatient department in Yenepoya medical college Hospital between the period of May 2017 to May 2018. Total 201 patients chosen randomly in which 145 males and 56 females, fulfilling criteria of age &gt;20 years were included. Pregnant females, patients with thyroid disorders, history of previous neck surgery were excluded.Results: Out of the 201 population studied, Cardio metabolic syndrome was present in 94 participants according to criteria of NCEP ATP III. In our study there is a significant correlation between neck circumference and metabolic syndrome (p value &lt;0.001).Conclusions: Patients with Neck Circumference (NC) &gt;37 cm in males and &gt;34 cm in females are more prone for having cardio metabolic risk factors than patients with NC &lt;37 cm in males and &lt;34 cm in females. NC may be used as a simple and time saving screening measure to identify cardio metabolic risk factors in patients.

Effect of Pilates Exercise on Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus represents a syndrome of complex metabolic diseases united by the occurrence of hyperglycemia which also exhibits diverse origins (insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, systemic consequences of pregnancy) and has variable accompanying physiological and metabolic disorders leading to increase incidence and frequency of chronic complications due to micro vascular (e.g., neph-ropathy and retinopathy) and macro vascular (stroke, macro vascular coronary and peripheral artery diseases) alterations, as well as the difficulties of controlling it.Aim of Study: The current study intended to determine the effect of pilates exercises on cardio metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Patients and Methods: Forty women with type 2 diabetes, aging from 35 to 55 years with 5-7 years ago suffering from diabetes, they were assigned randomly into two groups of equal numbers, control and study. Women in controlled group received regular medical treatment with no change on their regular daily activities. Those in the study group received a designed pilates exercises three days/week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected and were subjected to laboratory investigations for glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile analysis, measure blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, before intervention, and were repeated after twelve weeks of treat-ment.Results: Pre and post-treatment comparisons showed a statistically significant improvement of the measured variables in the two groups. Moreover, significant difference was recorded in the study group.Conclusions: Designed pilates exercises contributed to improve cardio metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Changes of urine metabolites in response to n-3 fatty acid supplements and their correlation with metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements on urine metabolite profiling and their correlation with metabolic risk factors in Chinese T2D patients. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in 59 Chinese patients with T2D, who were randomized to receive fish oil (FO), flaxseed oil (FSO) or corn oil (CO, serving as a control group) capsules for 180 days. Morning urine samples were collected before and after the intervention and were analyzed for metabolomics by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS in positive and negative ionization modes. In the FO group, levels of 2-hexenoylcarnitine (C6:1) (p < 0.001) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (p = 0.004) were significantly increased while hydroxyisovaleroyl carnitine (C5:OH) (p < 0.001) was significantly decreased compared with the CO group. In addition, geranylacetone (p = 0.023) and citronellyl propionate (p = 0.038) levels were significantly elevated, while dihydrojasmonic acid (p = 0.003) was significantly reduced in the FSO group compared with that in the CO group. Moreover, increased C6:1 was correlated with decreased serum triglycerides (r = -0.340, p = 0.020). The change of urine CMPF showed inverse correlation with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r = -0.338, p = 0.020), while C5:OH was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B (APOB) and BUN (r = 0.386, p = 0.015; r = 0.327, p = 0.025). Besides, the change of urine CMPF was positively correlated with serum CMPF (r = 0.646, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the present study confirmed that CMPF is a strong biomarker of fish oil, and indicated that marine n-3 PUFA intake might have a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and renal function in patients with T2D.