Message Signs Research Articles

Implementation of Software for Learning Message Transmission Using Morse Code

The article presents the implementation of software for training message transmission using Morse code. This is a method of sign coding when letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks and other symbols are represented as sequences of short and long signals called dots and dashes. It is intended for transmission over serial communication channels. A unique feature of Morse code is the ability to be encoded and decoded by humans without the use of special terminal devices. The paper shows a software implementation of processing input characters using a telegraphic key, it includes: various mathematical requirements and conditions that allow you adjusting to each user, provided that his input speed will either fall or remain unchanged. However, it is possible to adjust the minimum duration threshold in such a way that the system will slowly adapt to a slow increase in input speed. At the same time, the higher the value of the minimum threshold, the faster the adaptation is; however, it will fall within the limit of the maximum input speed that the device can recognize. During the implementation of the program, a flow chart of message transliteration, signal reception and transmission was developed. The whole program implements the following functions: a simple and intuitive translator, with audio output, a simulator for consolidating the skill of entering Morse code using a key; consolidating the skills of recognition and decoding by ear. To create the final application for training, the Processing toolkit was chosen, since its key parameter when choosing a development tool has a simple writing syntax to increase the speed of writing code, as well as the ability of the environment to work with the communication channel of the microcontroller.

Synthetic image data generation via rendering techniques for training AI-based Instance Segmentation

Within the scope of the development of the project, the acceleration and gyro signal, VR implementation, and User Control for VR were realized. The starting point was a list of MPU9250 data, which are acceleration and gyro data. The goal is to do the signal processing of the signal that is got from MPU9250 and implement the data with a specific format so that the LINAK LA36 actuator can be controlled in such a way that it performs as desired position. For this purpose, a multi-axis acceleration and position sensor is mounted on a surfing board which then collects the acceleration and Gyro data. A MATLAB Program had been written to convert the desired position into a CAN message. Before that, the raw acceleration data and gyro must be converted and filtered into actual data. First, the acceleration data was collected from another group. A signal processing method has been implemented. This includes gravitational force filter, noise filter, integration, and complementary filter method was used in order to get the accurate actual data that is able to be implemented into the system. For those methods, it was necessary to deal extensively with the characteristics of signal processing. VR application was implemented in this project to give the user a sensational surfing experience in the virtual world. User control has been implemented as well to allow users to control the video. Unity with Arduino work together so that both Arduino and Unity can communicate with each other, and signal messages will be sent to the Arduino from Unity and vice versa to achieve the synchronization of the video signal and Unity VR application.

The problems of university messages in communication with applicants

The types of university communications and the interest of applicants in them are investigated. It is based on the analysis of the Internet survey conducted by the author in the summer of 2023 for applicants to Nizhny Novgorod universities. The interdependence between the style of message texts and their attractiveness to applicants is considered; a hierarchy, according to the target audience, of the university's message signs is proposed. The author has designed the process of receiving a message from an applicant from a university and explain the specifics of these communication processes due to the influence of increased competitiveness of universities for the attention of applicants and the intergenerational gap between university staff and future students, which provides a basis for studying the values of representatives of generation Z. Characteristics of representatives of the younger generation are given, the understanding of «clip thinking» and its influence will be revealed for the receipt and processing of information from the university in the Internet space. Depending on the types of messages that are of interest to future students, the author proposes a typologization of applicants. The multidimensional scaling method used by the author will allow us to identify 4 types of applicants who pay attention to different types of messages from the university, which leads them to different degrees of readiness for admission and the choice of their future profession.

A novel unified interference management scheme for multicellular MIMO communication with instantaneous relay

SummaryIn the world of emerging wireless networks, interference poses a significant challenge to reliable wireless communication. Additionally, these networks are prone to path loss and blockages, which can be addressed by utilizing the advanced technology of multihop communication with instantaneous relay (IR). However, scenarios involving IR‐assisted networks are considered instances of multihop communications that face potential obstacles caused by interference. As a result, multiple interference management approaches exist to tackle this interference issue, among which aligned interference neutralization (AIN) is a state‐of‐the‐art technology that seamlessly unifies two established interference management strategies: interference alignment (IA) and interference neutralization (IN). Therefore, this paper presents a novel tristaged AIN scheme to mitigate interference in a multicellular multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interference multiple access channel (IMAC). In the proposed scheme, the initial stage‐1 involves transmitting message signals from individual transmitters or users to the IR and the receiving base stations (BSs). In stage‐2, the IR neutralizes half of the interference signals by performing IN. Finally, in stage‐3, IA is carried out at the receiver BS terminals, aligning the remaining interference signals equally within the available dimensions. Based on this proposed approach, we determined that for an IR‐aided multicellular MIMO IMAC, the achievable degree of freedom (DoF) is 2N. The proposed approach's robustness and effectiveness have been analyzed through extensive simulations, and these simulation results indicated that the proposed approach outperforms other benchmark interference management techniques in terms of DoF and sum rate, thereby improving user performance.

Linkable ring signature scheme with stronger security guarantees

Ring signatures enable a user to sign messages on behalf of an arbitrary set of users, called the ring. The signer-anonymity property guarantees that the signature does not reveal which member of the ring signed the message. The notion of linkable ring signatures (LRS) is an extension of the concept of ring signatures such that there is a public way of determining whether two signatures have been produced by the same signer. However, the existing LRS schemes may not be competent in some scenarios since they exhibit a gap to bridge as reflected on the security guarantees such as the absence of quantum-resistance, inadequate security notions, and a reliance on the random oracle heuristic.In this paper, we present a framework for LRS that provides stronger security guarantees. We instantiate the framework from standard lattice assumptions and prove the security in the standard model. Furthermore, we implement our scheme and conduct experimental evaluations, which demonstrate that the performances are practical for typical settings.

Semiotic Mathematics Representation Ability Based on Symbolic in Solving SPLSV Problems in Class VII Students

Mathematical semiotic representation is the ability to analyze and express mathematical ideas or notions of a phenomenon and everyday problem situations into the form of signs, images, symbols, and symbols that represent them and provide meaning and explanation to a package of verbal sign messages. The symbolic stage is the stage where students have understood the symbols and concepts and have ideas that are strongly influenced by language and logic skills and students are able to manipulate symbols or symbols of a particular object. The purpose of this study was to determine the representation of symbolic-based mathematical semiotics in seventh grade students of MTS Al Barokah Ajung Jember on SPLSV material using qualitative descriptive method. The instrument used by researchers in the form of written test questions consisting of two questions tailored to the symbolic representation that has two indicators that use mathematical symbols to solve problems and interpret mathematical symbols. From the results of research that has been done obtained the error of representation on indicators using mathematical symbols to solve the problem of 100% and error of representation on indicators interpreting mathematical symbols of 0%. Several studies have been carried out to explain the mistakes that students make in representation skills. This paper presents the ability of mathematical symbolic semiotic representation of students who are more specific in solving SPLSV problems that can be considered by teachers in designing learning about the ability of mathematical semiotic representation and information for observers of mathematics education.

IMPLEMENTATION OF IO-LINK TECHNOLOGY INTO THE HANDLING AND SORTING SUB-STATION OF THE FESTO FMS 500 AUTOMATED LINE

The article deals with implementing IO-LINK components in the sorting station of the FESTO FMS 500 automated line and their experimental verification based on the principles of IO-LINK technology. The implementation of such technology also includes the upgrade of the PLC control to PLC S7-1500 (SIEMENS), the addition of an IO-LINK device (BALLUFF BNI005H), and a signaling light device from the same company (SMARTLIGHT BNI007F), which ensures the indication of workplace state. Communication between the PLC device and the IO-LINK devices is carried out via the PROFINET communication network. Installing the signaling light device at the sorting station of the automated line provides light signaling messages for the operator (concerning the standard STN EN 61310-1). For example, the indication of the filling of the reserve warehouse using a light signaling message means the operator needs to empty the individual warehouses to repeat the sorting operation. In addition, part of the article is the implementation and evaluation of experimental measurements, the aim of which is to determine both the individual sorting times of various components, as well as determining their maximum number during the sorting process in connection with increasing the level of automation of the sorting station as such.

On the Security of Lightweight and Escrow-Free Certificate-Based Data Aggregation for Smart Grid

Recently, to eliminate complex certificate maintenance and key escrow issue, Verma <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> proposed the first certificate-based(CB-based) data aggregation scheme for smart grids, in which a lightweight CB-based signature is proposed to ensure the integrity of the transmitted data. Although they claimed that the proposed certificate-based signature scheme is secure against attacks by a malicious certification authority (CA), unfortunately, by analyzing the security of Verma <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> 's scheme, we show that their scheme is insecure. It can not provide data integrity since a malicious CA can forge a message's signature in the name of any entity. After giving the corresponding attacks, we analyze the reasons for producing such attacks and provide the corresponding suggestions to overcome them.

Formal validation of authentication scheme in 5G-enabled vehicular networks using AVISPA

Smart transportation may come from 5G-enabled cars. Traffic reports include congestion, roads, and driving. Urbanisation and population growth increase traffic accidents and travel time. Traffic accidents kill and injure most people worldwide. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) improves driver and pedestrian safety. This study connects the VANET to 5G to create a 5G-enabled vehicle network because the road-side unit (RSU) is expensive and unsecure. This study connects numerous automobiles to TA for 5G-BS D2D communication. Data transmissions between autos are risky. Several scholars suggest authentication techniques for safe vehicle-to-vehicle communications. Overhead may enable side-channel attacks with these tactics. A secure and effective efficient and secure authentication-privacy-preserving (ES-APP) system connected TA, 5G-BS, and on-border unit (OBU) was presented. Initialization, vehicle registration, parameter renewal, message signing, single and batch verification are ES-APP steps. The formal evaluation automated verification of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) tool with on-the-fly model-checker (OFMC) and attack searcher (ATSE) back-ends secures the suggested ES-APP technique. ES-APP appears impervious to active and passive AVISPA assaults.

A logarithmic-sized accountable ring signature scheme in the standard model

Ring signature and group signature are two major cryptographic primitives providing users anonymity and authentication simultaneously. While both primitives enable any user to sign messages as a member of a set of users, the feature of ring signature is that a signer can choose a group in an ad-hoc manner, which is called a ring, by itself. Conversely, in group signature, a group membership is managed by some trusted third party, which is called a group manager, and an (appropriate) accountability is provided for the group manager to identify illegal anonymous signers. Accountable ring signature (ARS) is a cryptographic primitive combining the features of ring signature and group signature. ARS allows signers to choose their groups (rings) in an ad-hoc manner, and at the same time, maintain accountability by forcing them to select a designated opener who can identify them.In this paper, we propose the first ARS scheme with O(log⁡n) signature size in the standard model (without depending on the random oracle methodology), where n is the size of a ring. More precisely, we propose a new generic construction of ARS based on (standard) signature, (standard) public key encryption, non-interactive zero-knowledge proof system, somewhere perfectly binding hash function, and public key encryption with non-interactive opening. All building blocks for our ARS scheme can be obtained under the decisional linear (DLIN) assumption over bilinear groups.

A novel quantum multiparty blind signature scheme based on χ state

Quantum digital signature, as an extension of classical digital signature, has become an important research content in quantum cryptography. Quantum blind signature combines the advantages of classical blind signature and quantum signature, which can ensure the unconditional security of the scheme based on the realization of the blinded signature of the message, and can be effectively applied in many real-world scenarios. This paper uses the four-particle [Formula: see text] state as a communication channel, combined with quantum teleportation technology to propose a new quantum multi-party blind signature protocol, which has the following characteristics: First, the Toeplitz hash function based on the linear shift register is introduced to blind the message, and the length of the blinded message can be adjusted according to the actual demand to increase the flexibility of the scheme; Second, through multi-party participation, the blind signature of multi-bit messages can be realized, and the signature efficiency can be improved. Compared with other quantum blind signatures, the signature efficiency has been greatly improved; Finally, using the four-particle [Formula: see text] state as a quantum channel can make the scheme use fewer resources to transmit data and increases the security of the scheme. Through security analysis, it can be seen that the scheme has blindness, nonrepudiation and unforgeability.

Adaptive Sustainable Mobility Solutions by Using Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic in Kigali City

In a fast-paced urbanized culture, sustainable transportation remains a significant challenge. Quick and smooth mobility of people and goods with the possibility of regulating traffic congestion and preventing climate change is essential for every public transportation user. Urban population in developing nations like Rwanda is expected to double by the year 2050, and balancing the supply and demand of the urban transport system will be a significant issue. Information technology enables elements within the transportation system, including vehicles, roads, traffic lights, and message signs, to become intelligent by embedding them with sensors, processors, algorithms, and actuators, thus empowering them to communicate through various technologies. These technologies improve transportation system performance by reducing congestion, increasing safety and traveler convenience, and protecting the climate against some greenhouse gases. Different mobility solutions are stated in this document. The use of electric vehicles, Passenger Information Systems, Car-sharing and ride-sharing services, electronic payment, Bus Signal Priority, and Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics. Using photovoltaics in Rwanda is adequate because of the electricity problem. This is the best solution for fighting against climate change due to fuel from motorized traffic.

Nonce generation techniques in Schnorr multi-signatures: Exploring EdDSA-inspired approaches

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;This paper proposes a deterministic nonce generation technique to address the catastrophic issues associated with nonce reuse in message signing and to enhance the efficiency of Schnorr multi-signature schemes. Additionally, this research aims to reduce computational complexity and bandwidth requirements in digital and multi-signature schemes while maintaining robust security against common attacks. The proposed method was inspired by the EdDSA approach. The methodology includes a comprehensive mathematical analysis of digital signature algorithms and a rigorous examination of their vulnerabilities to well-known cryptographic attacks. This analysis evaluates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed nonce generation technique within the frameworks of the Schnorr digital signature and the two-round MuSig schemes. Techniques and tools employed in this research involve deterministically generating nonces by hashing the private key and subsequently hashing the result with the message. Furthermore, it is proposed to exclude the public nonce R from the challenge calculations and to allow signers to directly prove possession of their secret keys through the aggregated public key, thereby eliminating the need for non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs. The findings demonstrate significant reductions in computational complexity and operational requirements, thereby improving bandwidth efficiency and making this method well-suited for resource-constrained devices. The approach also exhibits strong resistance to various attacks, including nonce reuse, key cancellation, rogue keys, and virtual machine rewinding.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Exosomal SLC16A1-AS1-induced M2 macrophages polarization facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Macrophages are the most abundant alternative immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells provides an important shelter for the occurrence and development of tumors. As an important information transfer medium, exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication. Nonetheless, how exosomal lncRNAs coordinate the communication between tumor cells and immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood. We found that HCC exosomes-derived antisense RNA of SLC16A1(SLC16A1-AS1) promoted the malignant progression of HCC by regulating macrophage M2-type polarization. Mechanistically, the HCC exosomal SLC16A1-AS1 enhanced mRNA stabilization of SLC16A1 in macrophage by promoting the interaction between 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of SLC16A1 mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1). As a lactate transporter, SLC16A1 accelerated lactate influx and then activated c-Raf/ERK signaling to induce M2 polarization of macrophages. Reciprocally, M2 macrophages secreted IL-6 to activate STAT3 and then induce METTL3 transcription in HCC cells, which increasing m6A methylation and stabilization of SLC16A1-AS1. In turn, the reciprocal SLC16A1-AS1/IL-6 signaling between HCC cells and M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of HCC cells. Our study highlights that exosomal SLC16A1-AS1 acts as a signaling message that induces lactate-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages, and implies that SLC16A1-AS1 might be an applicable target for therapeutic treatment of HCC.

A quantum digital signature protocol with state preparation error tolerance

&lt;sec&gt;The quantum digital signature (QDS) has attracted much attention as it ensures the nonrepudiation, unforgeability, and transferability of signature messages based on information-theoretic security. Amiri et al. (&lt;ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.93.032325"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Phys. Rev. A&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;93&lt;/b&gt; 032325&lt;/ext-link&gt;) proposed the first practical QDS protocol based on orthogonal coding, which has realized information-theoretic security and become the mainstream paradigm in QDS research. The procedure of QDS involves two essential stages, the one is the distribution stage, in which Alice-Bob and Alice-Charlie individually utilize the three-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution protocol but without error correction or privacy amplification, namely, key-generation protocol, to generate correlated bit strings, the other is the messaging stage, in which Alice transmits signature messages to the two recipients.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;However, previous theoretical and experimental studies both overlooked the modulation errors that may be introduced in the state preparation process due to the imperfections in modulator devices. Under the traditional framework of GLLP analysis method, these errors will significantly reduce the actual signature rates. Therefore, we propose a state-preparation-error tolerant QDS and use parameter analysis to characterize the state preparation error to make the simulation analysis more realistic. In addition, we analyze the signature rates of the present scheme by using the three-intensity decoy-state method.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;Compared with previous QDS protocols, our protocol almost shows no performance degradation under practical state preparation errors and exhibits a maximum transmission distance around 180 km. Furthermore, state preparation errors do not have a significant influence on the bit error rate induced by normal communication between the legitimate users or the one produced by an eavesdropper. These results prove that the method proposed in this paper has excellent robustness against state preparation errors and it can achieve much higher signature rates and signature distances than other standard methods. Besides, signature rates are basically unchanged under different total pulse numbers, which shows that our protocol also has good robustness against the finite-size effect. Additionally, in the key generation process, our method is only required to prepare three quantum states, which will reduce the difficulty of experiment realizations.&lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;Furthermore, the proposed method can also be combined with the measurement-device-independent QDS protocol and the twin-field QDS protocol to further increase the security level of QDS protocol. Therefore, our work will provide an important reference value for realizing the practical application of QDS in the future.&lt;/sec&gt;

Message Passing-Based Joint Channel Estimation and Signal Detection for OTFS with Superimposed Pilots

Message Passing-Based Joint Channel Estimation and Signal Detection for OTFS with Superimposed Pilots

Impact of level crossing sign messages on temporary stop ratio of automobile drivers

Impact of level crossing sign messages on temporary stop ratio of automobile drivers

REPRESENTATION OF THE MESSAGE OF PEACE IN THE FILM KINGDOM OF HEAVEN (2005)

There were efforts to send a message of peace seem necessary to eliminate all kinds of terrorist stereotypes against Muslims. Many western films were produced to convey the message of peace were made with many attempts. One of these is Ridley Scott's Kingdom of Heaven (2005), set during the Crusades in the late 12th century as a historical piece from the Battle of Jerusalem. This study focused on the character structure of the film Kingdom of Heaven in such a way that the message of peace is conveyed in the film. The study used a qualitative approach combined with the descriptive analysis approach of Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory, called the trichotomy of sign meaning. Data collection techniques using observation, identification and documentation for the film Kingdom of Heaven. The results showed that the image of the message of peace expressed in the film was a war in the name of religion and does not seem to defend a particular religion, but is shaped by different interests. In conclusion, the film determined that not all westerners are good and not all Muslims are bad. Keywords: kingdom of heaven, signs messages of peace, Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory

Evaluation of Auxiliary Signing for Driveway Assistance Devices at Low-Volume Access Points within One-Lane, Bidirectional Work Zones

Work zone traffic control presents unique challenges during single-lane closures on two-lane, two-way facilities. In these circumstances, traffic regulators (i.e., flaggers or temporary signals) ensure alternating one-way travel in the work zone. However, the use of traffic regulators becomes less practical at mid-segment low-volume access points, such as driveways and minor intersections, within the lane closure. These locations present additional risk for flaggers and, owing to financial infeasibility, are often rendered without traffic control. A recently developed experimental traffic control treatment, the driveway assistance device (DAD), is designed to provide guidance to motorists for a safe entrance into the lane closure from low-volume access points. As this device is relatively new, much is still unknown about the optimal device design and operation to provide the highest compliance. To address this, a field study was performed to evaluate driver compliance associated with DADs implemented at a series of driveways along a one-lane, two-way work zone along a state highway in northern Michigan. As little guidance exists for DAD auxiliary signage, the field study specifically sought to compare the effects of five different sign messages utilized with the DAD. The driver compliance data revealed that the most effective sign messages were those that included “Turn” instead of “Yield,” a prominent “WAIT” message at the top, in addition to a supplemental “No Turn on Red” sign. Based on these findings, DADs are recommended for continued experimental use along with appropriate auxiliary signage at work zones where one-lane, two-way traffic is being maintained.

Watermarking Techniques with Yuv Layered Approach

Watermarking is a technique used to embed hidden data or identification information within digital multimedia. With the rise of the internet, the creation and distribution of digital data (images, video, and audio files) have significantly increased, leading to issues concerning content protection and ownership proof. Digital image watermarking addresses these issues by embedding a watermark into the data to assert ownership and protect rights. To safeguard the watermark from counterfeiters, it must be embedded in locations resilient to various attacks (rotation, scaling, compression, cropping, filtering, and blurring). Effective watermarking hides a message signal within a host signal without perceptual distortion. This paper adopts a hybrid transformation approach to modify the cover image's singular values rather than the DWT sub-bands, making the watermark resistant to attacks while maintaining the image's original state. Simulation results support the effectiveness of the proposed methods.