Mesoporous Research Articles

Improving the Anti-Tumor Effect of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor CY1-4 by CY1-4 Nano-Skeleton Drug Delivery System

Background: CY1-4, 9-nitropyridine [2′,3′:4,5] pyrimido [1,2-α] indole -5,11- dione, is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor and a poorly water-soluble substance. It is very important to increase the solubility of CY1-4 to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effect. In this study, the mesoporous silica nano-skeleton carrier material Sylysia was selected as the carrier to load CY1-4, and then the CY1-4 nano-skeleton drug delivery system (MSNM@CY1-4) was prepared by coating the hydrophilic polymer material Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and the lipid material Distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)2000 (DSPE-PEG2000) to improve the anti-tumor effect of CY1-4. Methods: The solubility and dissolution of MSNM@CY1-4 were investigated, and its bioavailability, anti-tumor efficacy, IDO inhibitory ability and immune mechanism were evaluated in vivo. Results: CY1-4 was loaded in MSNM@CY1-4 in an amorphous form, and MSNM@CY1-4 could significantly improve the solubility (up to about 200 times) and dissolution rate of CY1-4. In vivo studies showed that the oral bioavailability of CY1-4 in 20 mg/kg MSNM@CY1-4 was about 23.9-fold more than that in 50 mg/kg CY1-4 suspension. In B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, MSNM@CY1-4 significantly inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival time, significantly inhibited IDO activity in blood and tumor tissues, and reduced Tregs in tumor tissues and tumor-draining lymph nodes to improve anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions: The nano-skeleton drug delivery system (MSNM@CY1-4) constructed in this study is a potential drug delivery platform for improving the anti-tumor effect of oral poorly water-soluble CY1-4.

Sustainable Lipase Immobilization: Chokeberry and Apple Waste as Carriers

In the modern world, the principles of the bioeconomy are becoming increasingly important. Recycling and reusability play a crucial role in sustainable development. Green chemistry is based on enzymes, but immobilized biocatalysts are still often designed with synthetic polymers. Insoluble carriers for immobilized biocatalysts, particularly those derived from agro-industrial waste such as mesoporous lignocellulosic materials, offer a promising alternative. By using waste materials as support for enzymes, we can reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal and contribute to the development of efficient bioprocessing technologies. The current study aimed to assess the possibility of using apple and chokeberry pomace as carriers for the immobilization of Palatase 20000L (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei). The analysis of lignocellulosic materials revealed that chokeberry pomace has a higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin contents than apple pomace. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations indicated similar compact structures in both pomaces. The lipase activity assays demonstrated that immobilization of lipase from R. miehei onto apple and chokeberry pomace improves their properties, especially the synthetic activity. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing fruit pomaces not only as a source of bioactive compounds but also in enhancing enzyme stability for industrial applications.

Porous Materials for the Heterogeneously Catalyzed Synthesis of High Value-Added Products: Latest Trends and Future Prospects.

Heterogeneous catalysis currently stands as a foundational area in materials synthesis and applied chemistry. In this context, emphasizing the significance of heterogeneous catalysis in expediting chemical reactions and controlling the formation of desired products using porous materials represents an intriguing approach in the current technological landscape. This work delves into the synthesis and design of a variety of porous materials, encompassing microporous, mesoporous and macroporous materials (e. g. carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, MOFs, zeolites and functionalized analogues), alongside their properties and characteristics pivotal in heterogeneous catalysis. among others, and their subsequent modification, underscoring the significance of tailoring porous materials for specific catalytic applications.

Reusable metal-free mesoporous carbon-catalyzed reductive N-formylation of nitroarenes and quinolines

The high-value transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds through a facile, cost-effective, and eco-friendly one-pot strategy holds significant importance. However, this process typically involves the use of metal catalysts and is limited by low activity as well as the requirement of high temperature and pressure. Herein, we describe a general and efficient metal-free N-doped mesoporous carbon material using well-defined ligand 1,10-phenanthroline as the precursor and silica colloid as the hard template. Formic acid is both a reducing agent and a formylation reagent, and structurally distinct mono- or multi-substituted nitroarenes and quinolines can be selectively N-formylation in a one-pot method. The catalyst can be easily recovered without observable loss of efficiency for ten consecutive uses. The control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that formic acid mainly obtains active hydrogen in the form of O–H bond cleavage, which benefits from the strong adsorption and enhanced activity generated by the interaction between graphitic nitrogen species in the catalyst and formic acid. The excellent catalytic performance of the meso-phen-X catalyst is attributed to the synergistic effect of graphitic N and large specific surface area, providing a promising method for the development of non-metallic catalyst-modified carbon materials.

Construction of mesoporous lanthanum oxide and supported Co-N catalysts for high-efficient synthesis of furfuryl alcohol

The mesoporous lanthanum oxide materials were designed via the solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly method, and Co-N/La2O3 catalysts were prepared to evaluate performance in the reaction of furfural hydrogenation. The characterization analyses proved that Co/La2O3 and Co-2N/La2O3 catalysts had high specific surface area and open mesoporous channels (> 20nm), moreover doped nitrogen not only promoted the distribution of Co species and regulated size of metallic Co nanoparticles (~17.37nm), but also increased electron-rich Co0 (57.8%) and CoNx sites. The highest conversion (>99.9%) and selectivity (98.6%) were achieved on Co-2N/La2O3 catalyst under 140oC, 1.5MPa H2 and 3h, which was attributed to the combination of Co0 and CoNx sites enhancing the dissociation of H2 and adsorption of furfural by DFT calculation, meanwhile the doped nitrogen brought more acidic sites (~ 2.81mmol NH3/g) of Co-2N/La2O3 catalyst. Additionally, the Co-2N/La2O3 catalyst showed the stable catalytic activity for 5 recycles and excellent universality for hydrogenation reactions of biomass platform molecules.

In situ preparation of carbon/zeolite composite materials derived from coal gasification fine slag for removing malachite green: Performance evaluation and mechanism insight

The stockpiling of coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) and the discharge of organic wastewater pose serious environmental threats. The complex synthesis process and limited pollutant removal capacity of CGFS-based adsorbents impede their efficient utilization in organic wastewater purification. In this work, carbon/zeolite composite materials (CZCM) derived from CGFS were prepared in situ using a one-pot method without further crystallization, achieving an ultra-high adsorption capacity (9705 mg/g) and excellent renewability for malachite green (MG). CZCM was identified as a typical mesoporous material with an abundant pore structure, facilitating the migration of MG within the material. Notably, various metal elements (e.g., iron and calcium) and chemical groups (e.g., carboxyl and hydroxyl) from CGFS were retained through this novel preparation method, providing additional adsorption sites and enhancing MG adsorption. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics results indicated that physisorption and multilayer adsorption were the primary adsorption modes of MG by CZCM, with the adsorption rate limited by internal diffusion. Furthermore, the adsorption process was found to be exothermic, spontaneous, and entropy-decreasing. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the exceptional adsorption performance of MG by CZCM was primarily attributed to electrostatic attraction and ion exchange, with hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions also playing significant roles. This study provides new insights into the development of CGFS-based adsorbents for organic wastewater treatment, promoting the efficient conversion and practical application of CGFS.

A Mini Review on the Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica and its Application in Antibiotic Removal

AbstractIn recent years, antibiotics have been widely used in multiple fields such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry as well as human health due to their high efficiency and low price in treating bacterial infections. However, the misuse of antibiotics has posed a serious threat to both ecological environment and human health, resulting in the antibiotic contamination as a global issue. Therefore, the development of novel materials and technologies to remove antibiotics from water has become a research frontier and hotspot. Meanwhile, mesoporous silica materials have been gradually used in the removal of antibiotics via adsorption and degradation due to their controllable structure, tunable pore size as well as diverse sources. This mini review focuses on the research progress of mesoporous silica in removing antibiotics from aquatic environments. The main types and controllable synthesis procedures of mesoporous silica is introduced first, followed by their application in antibiotics removal via both adsorption and catalytic degradation. Furthermore, it proposes the future directions of this field, providing insights for the use of mesoporous silica materials in water pollution control.

Ordered mesoporous SiO2 as hemoperfusion adsorbents for enhanced selectivity of bilirubin removal from blood

Excessive bilirubin poses a significant risk factor in the progression of chronic liver disease. However, due to its nature as an albumin-bound toxin, bilirubin cannot be efficiently eliminated through conventional hemodialysis therapy or existing hemoperfusion adsorbents, presenting a challenge in selective removal. It is widely acknowledged that adjusting the pore properties of adsorbents can impact the adsorption efficiency of a hemoperfusion adsorbent. However, few studies have been working on improving the selectivity of bilirubin removal through precise regulation of pore size. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that the selectivity of bilirubin removal can be achieved and enhanced by fine-tuning the pore size of ordered mesoporous materials. Ordered mesoporous SiO2 (OMS) is selected as the research object due to its highly organized and uniform porous structure, as well as its excellent biocompatibility. The results indicate that OMS nanoparticles with a pore diameter of 2.5 nm (OMS-2.5 nm) exhibit superior adsorption capacity for bilirubin in both pure and albumin-rich solutions, suggesting the potential for achieving efficient and selective bilirubin removal through pore size optimization. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of OMS nanoparticles in practical applications (i.e. their inheritability of selectivity), we engineered OMS nanoparticles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres, forming OMS/PVA composite microspheres. The incorporation of OMS nanoparticles significantly enhances the bilirubin adsorption capacity of PVA microspheres while simultaneously reducing their albumin adsorption. The excellent selective adsorption efficacy of OMS-2.5 nm is preserved in the composite microspheres, underscoring its potential therapeutic benefits for treating diseases with excessive bilirubin levels.

Reimagining anti-inflammatory drugs delivery: the integration of ordered mesoporous silica and MOF materials for enhanced therapeutic outcomes

Abstract Migraine, one of the neurological conditions, affects approximately 15% of the global population. It is characterized by intense headaches accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to light. The first line of drugs for treating migraine are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Unfortunately, these medications suffer from poor solubility in water, uncontrolled release, and numerous adverse side effects. In order to maximize their therapeutic effect by preventing premature release and degradation, novel drug delivery systems based on composites are being dynamically developed. Herein, the biocompatible ketoprofen, naproxen sodium, and diclofenac sodium vehicles integrating ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-16) with Fe-based metal–organic frameworks (MIL-101(Fe)) were synthesized via the solvothermal method. The composites were characterized by different percentages of MIL-101(Fe) 
(25 and 50 wt.%), which had a significant impact on their porosity, structure, and number of functional groups. The SBA-16@MIL-101(Fe)-25 and SBA-16@MIL-101(Fe)-50 samples exhibited BET surface areas of 768 and 324 m2/g, respectively. Their sorption capacities towards selected anti-inflammatory drugs were in the range of 141-318 mg/g for ketoprofen, 481-490 mg/g for naproxen sodium, and 246-589 mg/g for diclofenac sodium, notably exceeding the values obtained for pure mesoporous silica (5-9 mg/g). Morphological defects and specific functional groups, derived from SBA-16 and MIL-101(Fe), contributed to generating new adsorption sites in composites, enhancing host-guest interactions. The drug release profiles were determined by the carrier porosity, surface charge, and the presence of functional groups. The diffusion of ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium from the composites into the phosphate buffer (pH 7.7), mimicking rectal fluid, occurred in a more controlled manner compared to pristine silica. The SBA-16@MIL-101(Fe)-50 carrier released 82% of ketoprofen and 90% of diclofenac sodium over 24 hours.

The spectrum of experimentally accessible states for melting and freezing transitions in mesoporous materials.

Structural disorder in mesoporous solids gives rise to complex phase behavior for materials confined within their pore spaces. As a result, a wide spectrum of possible phase configurations associated with spatial distributions of thermodynamic phases throughout the pore networks can be realized in experiments. Despite their importance, quantifying these states remains largely unaddressed. By considering solid-liquid equilibria as a representative example and using a simple random network model, we investigate the spectrum of such states accessible in real experiments and relate this spectrum to the structural characteristics of porous solids. We classify these states by their free energies and demonstrate how network effects break degeneracies for specific phase compositions and temperatures. Furthermore, we identify the experimental conditions that delineate boundary free energy states, differentiating accessible from inaccessible states. The insights from this study on solid-liquid equilibria are also equally applicable to gas-liquid equilibria in confined spaces and contribute to a deeper understanding of relaxation dynamics associated with hysteresis.

Synthesis of oxygen-rich carbon materials as metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in seawater electrolyte

Compared to conventional aqueous metal-air batteries, seawater batteries provide a promising strategy for the sustainable energy conversion and storage systems. However, the intricate ionic environment of seawater, in particular, Cl− significantly restraint the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of the catalysts. Herein, mesoporous carbon materials with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups were simply fabricated as the cost-effective catalysts from the biowaste Ginkgo biloba, exhibiting prominent stability and ORR activity with a 4e− path selectivity up to 92 % in seawater electrolyte. Structure characterization and ORR experimental results indicated the ORR performance was significantly modulated by the C-O-C in carbon matrix, and the synergistic of C-O-C and N-containing configuration may further enhance the dissociation of O-O of ∗OOH, resulting in an optimized 4e− path selectivity. Additionally, the Ginkgo biloba derived catalysts displayed an overpotential of 580 mV for at 10 mA/cm2 more negative than that of the previously reported commercial Ir/C in seawater electrolyte. This study highlights the synthesis of sustainable and cost-effective catalysts for seawater batteries, offering a strategy for designing metal-free catalysts of seawater battery, and promoting the advancement of sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies.

Versatile organosilicone porous materials for the detection of nitroaromatics and the visualization of fingerprints

Achieving explosive detection and fingerprints visualization at the same time is of great significance. Towards this end, based on the cage structure and multiple reaction sites of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS), a series of multifunctional silicone porous materials OVSBs and OVSTs were designed and synthesized with 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine. These porous materials have narrow pore size distribution, high specific surface area and pony-sized that smaller than 5 nm. The micropore volume ratio of porous materials can be changed by regulating the molar ratio of OVS to functional compounds. OVSB-2 shows excellent adsorption capacity for fluorescent dyes due to its highest specific surface area and high micropore volume ratio. OVSB-2 also has superior fluorescence characteristic, which can quickly detect nitroaromatic compounds within 20 s. This work provided a new method for expanding the application of silicone mesoporous materials in explosive detection and fingerprints visualization simultaneously.

In-situ constructing AlTiZn/CN heterojunction via memory effect for effective degradation of naphthalene under UV irradiation

Improving active sites through thoughtful design of material structure is an effective approach to boost activation efficiency and degradation performance. In this study, a series of x/AlTiZn/CN heterojunctions were successfully fabricated via the in-situ self-assembly of x/AlTiZnO and g-C3N4, utilizing the memory effect of layered double hydroxides (LDH). AlTiZnO was reverted to AlTiZn-LDH framework in deionized water, which provided OH--metal and active sites on the solid surface through memory effect during restoration. Systematic characterizations confirmed that 20/AlTiZn/CN heterojunction, restored from in-situ self-assembly of 20/AlTiZnO and g-C3N4, is a characteristic of mesoporous material with larger specific surface area. Then, photoelectric performance tests of naphthalene (NPT) degradation obviously manifested that a significant enhancement in photocatalytic performance of x/AlTiZn/CN heterojunction. This improvement primarily attributed to the compact contact interface and the synergistic effect between g-C3N4 and AlTiZn-LDH restored from AlTiZn-LDO, which accelerated the charge transfer process at the interface. Consequently, the degradation efficiencies of 20/AlTiZn/CN were 3.5, 1.27 and 2.60 times higher than those of 20/AlTiZn-LDH, 20/AlTiZn-LDH/CN and g-C3N4, respectively. Moreover, photocatalytic degradation of NPT over 20/AlTiZn-LDH/CN followed quasi-first-order kinetics. Finally, the scavenging experiment, ESR, and degradation pathways analysis indicate that the highly efficient NPT photodegradation over 20/AlTiZn/CN is the synergistic results of memory effect and various active substance, such as ·O2−, ·OH and h+. This study exploits a cost-effective, environmentally friendly photocatalyst and provides valuable insights into the photocatalysis degradation of NPT.

Tailoring of the Properties of Amorphous Mesoporous Titanosilicates Active in Acetone Condensation.

Amorphous mesoporous materials are promising as catalysts for processes involving or forming bulk molecules. In a reaction such as acetone condensation to form mesitylene, an effective catalyst should not only have a developed porous structure but also have active centers of acidic and basic types. The sol-gel approach allows one to obtain titanosilicates with such characteristics. This work demonstrates the possibility of controlling their properties by varying the conditions for the synthesis of titanosilicate gels. It has been established that controlling hydrolysis allows one to increase the activity of amorphous mesoporous titanosilicates by 10 times: from acetone conversion of 6% to 60%. It has been shown that the use of titanium acetylacetonate complexes in the synthesis of gels leads to an increase in the content of tetracoordinated Ti in the structure and contributes to an increase in the acidity of titanosilicates. During the condensation of acetone on the obtained mesoporous titanosilicates, high acetone conversion (60-79%) and mesitylene selectivity of up to 83% were achieved.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Using Catalyst of NiO Impregnated on Magnetic Silica Sand from Parangtritis Beach

Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (ODS-DBT) using catalyst of NiO impregnated on magnetic silica sand from Parangtritis beach (Ps) had been evaluated. The NiO-Ps catalyst was prepared using wet impregnation method with Ps to Ni (NO3)2·6H2O weight ratio of 1:1. The catalyst was calcined at a temperature of 400 °C for 5 h under flow of 20 mL min-1 of N2 gas. The ODS-DBT process was carried out using NiO-Ps catalyst on solution of n-hexane with a sulfur content of 500 ppm under variations of temperature, time, and H2O2 volume. The results of XRD and FTIR indicated the main minerals of Ps were quartz, alumina, and magnetite. The Ps and NiO-Ps had crystallinities of 59.97 and 70.32% with crystal sizes of 16.32 and 10.95 nm. The SEM-EDX and TEM analysis showed the surface of Ps was flat and NiO-Ps was rough. The BET-nitrogen absorption-desorption indicated the Ps and NiO-Ps were mesoporous materials with average pore diameters of 11.98 and 24.01 nm, total pore volumes of 0.008 and 0.057 cm3 g-1, and specific surface areas of 2.611 and 9.502 m2 g-1. The Ps and NiO-Ps have acidity values of 1.14 and 1.74 mmol g-1. The optimum desulfurization using NiO-Ps catalyst in the ODS-DBT was 79.40% obtained at a temperature, time, and H2O2 volume of 60 °C, 30 min, and 0.42 mL.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene with Microporous and Mesoporous Materials: Assessing Performance and Mechanistic Understanding.

Testing the catalytic performance for the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste is hampered by mass transfer limitations induced by a size mismatch between the catalyst's pores and the bulky polymer molecules. To investigate this aspect, the catalytic behaviour of a series of microporous and mesoporous materials was assessed in the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene (PE). More specifically, a mesoporous material, namely sulfated zirconia (Zr(SO4)2) on SBA-15, was synthesized to increase the pore accessibility, which reduces mass transfer limitations and thereby enables to better assess the effect of active site density on catalyst activity. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, the mesoporous SBA-15 catalysts were compared to a series of microporous zeolite Y catalysts. Using the degradation temperature during thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as a measure of activity, no correlation between acidity and activity was observed for microporous zeolite Y. However, depending on the Mw of PE, the reactivity of the mesoporous catalysts increased with increasing Zr(SO4)2 weight loading, showing that utilizing a mesoporous catalyst can overcome the accessibility limitations at least partially, which was further confirmed by polymer melt infiltration and in situ X-ray diffraction. Detailed product analysis revealed that more aromatics and coke deposits were produced with the more acidic zeolite Y materials. The mesoporous material remained active and structurally intact over multiple cycles and catalyses PE degradation via acid- and radical-based pathways.

Competitive influence of interface effect, scale effect and mixed salt ratio on thermal conductivity of mesoporous complex nitrate

The rising prominence of energy security and climate change issues necessitates the advancement of sustainable energy development and energy storage technologies. Enhancing the capabilities of mesoporous composite phase change materials (CPCMs) has gained considerable research interest. CPCM’s heat storage and release performance is largely determined by its thermal conductivity. While the existing literature has documented the individual effects of the composition ratio of mixed molten salts, scale effects, and interfacial effects on thermal conductivity, no studies have been found that investigate the competitive interplay among these three factors with respect to their impact on thermal conductivity. This study aims to gain a deeper insight into the thermal conductivity changes of CPCM consisting of mixed molten salts as the phase change material (PCM) and mesoporous skeleton. A combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experimental investigations was employed to explore how interface effects, scale effects, and the proportion of mixed salts contribute to the thermal conductivity of CPCM. The findings indicate that augmented thermal conductivity, resulting from interface effects, supersedes the diminishing effects of interionic interactions. Compared to mixed salt ratios, interface effects primarily result in variations in the thermal conductivity of CPCM. The thermal conductivity of mixed nitrates escalates alongside scale increases. In the 3–4 nm range, the scale effect and mixed nitrate proportions do not notably compete in terms of influence on thermal conductivity, interface effects are more profound than scale effects. In the 4–9.5 nm range, the scale effect is more profound than mixed nitrate ratios. If the skeleton transitions from SiO2 to Al2O3, the impact of the interface effect on thermal conductivity is greater influential than the scale effect. While transitioning the interface from Al2O3 to ceramic, the effect of the interface is less than or equal to that of the scale effect on the thermal conductivity.

Self-Templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors.

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have attracted considerable interest because of their excellent power and energy densities. However, the development of LICs is limited by the low capacity of the cathode and the kinetics mismatch between the cathode and anode. In this work, mesoporous carbon materials (MCs) with uniform pore sizes were prepared using magnesium citrate as the raw material through a self-templating method. During the carbonization process, MgO nanoparticles generated from magnesium citrate act as a template, resulting in a more orderly pore structure. The resultant MCs demonstrate a high specific surface area of 1673 m2 g-1 and an abundance of small mesopores, which significantly accelerated ion migration within the electrolyte and expedited the formation of electric double layers. Benefiting from these advantages, the MCs cathode demonstrates a high reversible specific capacity, excellent cycling stability, and rate performance. The assembled MCs-based LIC provides a high energy density of 152.2 Wh kg-1 and a high power density of 14.3 kW kg-1. After 5000 cycles, a capacity retention rate of 80 % at the current density of 1 A g-1 is obtained. These results highlight the excellent potential of MCs as a cathode material for LICs.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under sunlight using a mononuclear Zn complex-embedded-functionalized porous material.

In this study, mesoporous materials (MCM-41 and MCM-48) were synthesized and functionalized with an acid group through a post-synthetic modification method. A mononuclear Zn complex [Zn(dmp)Cl2] (dmp = neocuprine) was also prepared and incorporated into a functionalized mesoporous material. Extensive characterization of the material married was carried out using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to evaluate the characteristics of modified materials. The characterization results revealed that the post-synthetic modification did not alter the phase purity, crystallinity, or morphology of the mesoporous materials while confirming the successful grafting of the desired sulphonic acid functionality and Zn complex. The Zn complex-grafted-functionalized mesoporous materials were then assessed for their photo-degradation using methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB). The results demonstrated exceptional photo-degradation efficiency of the modified materials under sunlight. Within 15min, 10mg/ml of dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage 0.15mg/ml and 0.1mg/ml, degradation efficiencies of 99% and 92%, were achieved for MB using M-48-S-Zn1 and M-41-S-Zn1, respectively. Similarly, 91% and 78% degradation rates were achieved within 30min for RB using the same materials. The modified mesoporous materials exhibited a remarkable degradation performance even in challenging environments, including highly acidic, basic, and salt-concentrated conditions. This highlights the versatility and robustness of the modified materials in different environmental scenarios.

Mesoporous N-doped hierarchical porous materials derived from core-shell MOFs: A promising strategy for eliminating sulfamethoxazole using 1O2

Slfamethoxazole (SMX) has been considered as one kind of important micropollutants in water which need to be removed effectively. Developing one kind of material for effectively removing SMX in water is crucial in treatment process. In this study, core–shell structured metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with increasing shell thickness (5, 10, and 20-ZIF-8@ZIF--67 s) were selected as an ideal platform to develop water-stable hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) using one-step calcination, showing the dual functionals of both adsorption and catalysis by producing large amount of acitve species (1O2). These novel HPCs systematically optimized at increasing temperatures and ratios of two metals. The 10-Co-NHPC-900 at optimal conditions shows highest adsorption capacities and initial adsorption rates, which are 4.56 and 10.35 times higher than those of calcinated ZIF-67 s. The decomposition mechanisms based on PMS were systematically studied by analyzing oxidant consumption, reactive oxygen species and by-products of SMX. In addition, Co ions leached amount of 10-Co-NHPC-900 was 63.6 times lower than that of MOF precursor, indicating that the cobalt-based porous carbon have higher water stabilities. This study offers an efficient approach for reducing micropollutants risk using water-stable hierarchical porous carbons.