Mesoporous Characteristics Research Articles

Green synthesis of perovskite-type FeMnO3 nanoparticles: Study of its electrochemical hydrogen storage and catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Perovskite-based mixed metal oxides have become a promising material as efficient catalysts and electrocatalysts for various energy storage-related and fuel applications in modern scientific society. This study is the first attempt to explore the catalyst and electrocatalyst application of iron manganese oxide (FeMnO3) perovskite. The pure FeMnO3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a green method by Aloe vera extract as a capping agent. The cubic crystal structure, nanosized particle, purity, mesoporous feature and ferromagnetic properties of FeMnO3 NPs were confirmed using XRD, FT-IR, FESEM-EDS mapping, BET, and VSM analysis. The electrocatalyst properties of the sample were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results showed that the specific capacitance value and hydrogen storage capacity of FeMnO3 NPs were about 382.5 Fg−1 and 2622 mAhg−1 in the aqueous alkaline medium (3 M KOH), respectively. Additionally, the catalytic activity of the sample on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) instruments. The results revealed that FeMnO3 NPs enhanced the released heat of AP from 525 to 1760 Jg−1 and reduced the decomposition temperature from 458 to 381 °C.

Statistics design for the synthesis optimization of lignin-sulfonate sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon materials: promising candidates as adsorbents and supercapacitors materials

This study employed lignin-sulfonated (LS) to develop biobased carbon materials (LS-Cs) through a sulfur-doping approach to enhance their physicochemical properties, adsorption capabilities, and energy storage potentials. Various characterization techniques, including BET surface area analysis, SEM imaging, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental composition (CHNS), were employed to assess the quality of the LS-Cs adsorbent and electrode samples. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized for optimizing the two main properties (specific surface area, ABET, and mesopore area, AMESO) by evaluating three independent factors (i.e., activation temperature, ZnCl2:LS ratio, and sulfur content). According to the statistical analysis, ABET and AMESO were affected by ZnCl2 and sulfur content, while the pyrolysis temperature did not affect the responses in the studied conditions. It was found that increasing the ZnCl2 and sulfur contents led to an increment of the ABET and AMESO values. The LS-C materials exhibited very high ABETvalues up to 1993 m2 g−1 and with predominantly mesoporous features. The S-doping resulted in LS-Cs with high sulfur contents in their microstructures up to 15% (wt%). The LS-C materials were tested as adsorbents for sodium diclofenac (DCF) adsorption and reactive orange 16 dye (RO-16) and as electrodes for supercapacitors. The LS-Cs exhibited excellent adsorption capacity values for both molecules (197–372 mg g−1) for DCF, and (223–466 mg g−1) for RO-16. When tested as electrodes for supercapacitors, notably, LS-C3, which is a doped sample with sulfur, exhibited the best electrochemical performance, e.g. high specific capacitance (156 F/g at 50 mV/s), and delivered an excellent capacitance after 1000 cycles (63 F/g at 1 A/g), which denotes the noteworthy capacitive behavior of the S-doped electrode. Thus, the present work suggests an eco-friendly resource for developing effective, productive carbon materials for adsorbent and electrodes for SC application. However, further studies on the complete application of these materials as adsorbents and electrodes are needed for a deeper understanding of their behavior in environmental and energy storage applications.

Solar-driven calcination of clays for sustainable zeolite production: CO2 capture performance at ambient conditions

This study presents the environmentally sustainable synthesis of zeolites from solar-calcined kaolin and halloysite, emphasizing their application in CO2 capture due to their distinctive porous structures and chemical attributes. Expanding upon prior research that utilized solar energy for kaolin calcination, we now explore halloysite as an alternative clay mineral for zeolite production and CO2 capture. Employing a solar simulator, halloysite was calcined at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 °C, resulting in the synthesis of zeolites 4A and 13X via hydrothermal methods. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), low angle XRD (LA-XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements. Notably, the presence of Al-Si spinel, which crystallizes at elevated solar calcination temperatures, persisted within the zeolite 13X matrix, inducing a secondary mesoporous phase. The observed hysteresis in 13X samples, rather than confirming the mesoporous character of zeolite 13X, indicates a tandem effect of mesoporous Al-Si spinel with microporous zeolite 13X, exemplifying systems known as micro/mesoporous zeolitic composites (MZCs). The correlation obtained between the interplanar distances calculated from LA-XRD and pore size distributions acquired from the BJH desorption branches highlights LA-XRD as an alternative analysis method for assessing mesoporosity. While the microporosity of Al-Si spinel possessing 13X samples positively correlates with CO2 capture performance, mesoporosity appears to have minimal impact. Among the zeolites synthesized using solar energy, zeolite 4A (LTA) demonstrates superior CO2 capture capability, achieving an adsorption capacity of 2.15 mmol/g at 25 °C and 1 bar. This study highlights the potential of solar energy in producing eco-friendly zeolites from kaolin and halloysite for improved CO2 capture, advancing sustainable environmental solutions.

A novel strategy to produce spherical SBA-15 by polymeric macrospheres as a template for drug delivery

AbstractMesoporous silica SBA-15 has been a material widely studied for drug delivery due to its high biocompatibility and chemical stability, its ordered mesoporous cavities allow drug loading. However, it has a non-spherical particle shape, making it difficult to use in solid dosage forms, where spherical particles are preferred for better flow and distribution. In this regard, this study presented a novel strategy to produce spheric SBA-15 using polymeric macrospheres of a pharmaceutical grade acidic-resistant copolymer (Eudragit®S) stabilized with Pluronic® 123, as a template. The macrospheres of Eudragit®S were fabricated using the double emulsion (W1/O/W2) solvent-diffusion technique and then were used as a template to synthesize macrospheres of SBA-15 following acidic hydrolysis. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the SBA-15 has a spherical morphology (SEM) with pores arranged in a hexagonal lattice (TEM). The XRD showed signals at 0.71, 0.88 y 2.03 °2θ, that were indexed at the Miller indices (100), (110), (200). Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (type IV, H3) demonstrated mesoporous characteristics with a pore size of 9.3 nm, a wall thickness of 3 nm, a pore volume of 0.7538 cm³g−1, and a surface area of 640 m²g−1. These SBA-15 macrospheres also showed a zero-order release of ibuprofen. The SBA-15 formation using Eudragit®S macrospheres suggests that P123 on the macrosphere acts as a spherical core, as shown by FT-IR analysis. The acid-resistant copolymer maintained macrosphere integrity, enabling the assembly of the SBA-15 mesostructure in a 24-hour manufacturing time under acidic conditions.

Green Removal of Basic Fuchsin Using Fibers from Reed Leaves

This study investigates the adsorptive capacity of a novel lignocellulosic material derived from reed leaves for the removal of Basic Fuchsin, a cationic dye, from aqueous solutions through batch adsorption experiments. The experimental data showed that the adsorbent demonstrated effective dye removal, with the adsorption kinetics following a pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data best described by the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The Langumir model shows the maximum capacity adsorption was 37.59 mg.g-1 Moreover, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous and exothermic, highlighting the potential for optimizing conditions to enhance dye uptake and sustainability in wastewater treatment applications. In addition, characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET) confirmed that the adsorbent possessed an amorphous structure with a surface area of 2.42 m².g-1 and the presence of mesoporous features. Lignocellulosic materials such as reed leaf adsorbents, effectively remove hazardous dyes from wastewater offering a sustainable solution to pollution.

Preparation and adsorptive performance study of amino modified-crosslinked composite aerogel for VOCs in wooden furniture

Abstract There is a lack of standards for harmful VOC substances in furniture products in China, and furniture’s peculiar smell is still a hot concern for society. Amino modified-crosslinked composite aerogel was prepared using a modified sol-gel method by incorporating chitosan and inorganic silica as the inorganic phase, and it was added to polyurethane coating (PU paint) and wooden substrate. Results indicated that the prepared amino modified-crosslinked composite aerogel had a pore size of 12 μm to 16 μm, retaining the lightweight structure and mesoporous characteristics of the gel while containing the active organic groups of chitosan. It exhibited a certain adsorption capacity for VOCs in both PU paint and wooden substrate, with the highest adsorption efficiency observed in fir, reaching 72.86%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this method and suggest a new approach to pollution prevention and control in wooden furniture. It holds promising potential for scalable applications.

Binary Ni/NiO–NiWO4 with highly activity and durability for the enhanced oxidation of urea

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) can be used as an alternative to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, and as an anode reaction for direct urea fuel cells (DUFC). However, the slow kinetics of UOR restricts its wide application. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and prepare cheap and high-performance non-noble metal based UOR catalysts. In this work, Ni/NiO–NiWO4-2 sample prepared by solvent evaporation method has a mesoporous feature verified by the structural characterization, which is conducive to electrolyte diffusion and electron transport. Electrochemical tests show that the Ni/NiO–NiWO4-2 sample has good UOR catalytic activity, namely, the potential required by UOR is 1.669 V (vs RHE) at the current density of 270.44 mA cm−2. The excellent performance of Ni/NiO–NiWO4-2 is ascribed to that its mesoporous structure facilitates the diffusion of the electrolyte and exposes more active areas, the existence of metal W weakens the poisoning of Ni3+ active components and reduces the energy barrier of UOR confirmed by density functional theory, thus enhancing the performance of UOR.

Comparative electrochemical properties of MO (ZrO2, V2O5) based polyaniline nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Due to its distinctive qualities, such as its moderate energy density, extended service life, rapid discharge–charge rates, and superior safety, supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining more and more attention. A zirconium oxide ZrO2 (Zr) and vanadium oxide V2O5 (VO) based PANI nanocomposites, denoted as (ZrP for ZrO2/PANI, and VOP for V2O5/PANI) are fabricated using hydrothermal technique in this research work. Morphological and phase investigations validated the random particle shapes with good crystallinity and purity of the samples. The N2 sorption/desorption isotherm reveals a mesoporous feature of the electrodes and the highest BET surface area (36.5 m2/g) with large electroactive sites, which offers abundant faradaic reactions for charge storage. The I-V characteristics confirm their excellent conduction capabilities as well. When utilized as electrodes for SCs in the three-electrode setup, the VOP composite electrode attains the highest capacitance of 1372 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 compared with other active electrodes. Besides that, the VOP electrodes offer superior cyclic stability, with a retention rate of 94.28% even after 7000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. It has been discovered that the in two electrode VOP asymmetric device exhibited remarkable specific capacitance of 651.36 Fg−1 at 5 mV s−1 demonstrating a significant capacitance retention of 87.6% over 6000 cycles. The results suggest that the material could be a good contender for electrode materials in supercapacitors.

Tailored Design of Mesoporous Nanospheres with High Entropic Alloy Sites for Efficient Redox Electrocatalysis.

High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are a versatile material with unique properties, tailored for various applications. They enable pH-sensitive electrocatalytic transformations like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reactions (HOR) in alkaline media. Mesoporous nanostructures with high surface area are preferred for these electrochemical reactions, but designing mesoporous HEA sis challenging. To overcome this challenge, a low-temperature triblock copolymer-assisted wet-chemical approach is developed to produce mesoporous HEA nanospheres composed of PtPdRuMoNi systems with sufficient entropic mixing. Owing to active sites with inherent entropic effect, mesoporous features, and increased accessibility, optimized HEA nanospheres promote strong HER/HOR performance in alkaline medium. At 30 mV nominal overpotential, it exhibits a mass activity of ≈167 (HER) and 151 A gPt -1 (HOR), far exceeding commercial Pt-C electrocatalysts (34 and 48 A gPt -1) and many recently reportedvarious alloys. The Mott-Schottky analysis reveals HEA nanospheres inherit high charge carrier density, positive flat band potential, and smaller charge transfer barrier, resulting in better activity and faster kinetics. This micelle-assisted synthetic enable the exploration of the compositional and configurational spaces of HEAs at relatively low temperature, while simultaneously facilitating the introduction of mesoporous nanostructures for a wide range of catalytic applications.

Silver nanoparticles from ascorbic acid: Biosynthesis, characterization, in vitro safety profile, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity

Skin lesions are caused by the interruption of their functions, causing several possibilities of injury, and affecting the patient's quality of life. Thus, an effective alternative to this problem is the application of metallic nanoparticles with considerable antimicrobial activity, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this context, the present study aims to synthesize and characterize AgNPs from l-ascorbic acid (AA) for a possible cutaneous tissue engineering, evaluating the in vitro safety profile (VERO cells line), antimicrobial activity (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains), genotoxicity effect and phytotoxicity (Lactuca sativa and Beta vulgaris L. seeds). The novelty of the present study consists of applying green silver nanoparticles for potential application in skin lesions, followed by the study of toxicity in seeds (phytotoxicity), cells (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity with the in vitro safety profile), and antimicrobial activity. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 porosimetry, Field Emission Gun – Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM), zeta potential (ZP), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to evaluate the morphological, structural, and textural properties of the AgNPs. XRD diffractogram showed characteristic peaks of a face-centered cubic crystal structure at 38.06° (111); 44.26° (200); 64.45° (220); 77.37° (311) and 81.34° (200). FEG-SEM micrography indicated a predominantly spherical morphology and uniformly distributed structure with an average size of 58.4 ± 19 nm. Moreover, AgNPs demonstrated functional groups characteristics of the reducing agent and the metallic precursor, such as the –OH, –CH, –CO, - CC, and Ag–O stretchings. AgNPs showed SBET = 0.3 ± 0.0085 m2 g−1, Dp = 16.2 ± 10.2 nm, Vp = 0.0008 ± 0.0002 cm³ g−1 and ZP = −27.6 ± 1.9 mV with hysteresis type H1 and mesoporous characteristics. EDX analysis indicated the presence of AgNPs (72.34 wt% and 10.46 wt% silver and oxygen respectively) indicating the effectiveness of the biosynthesis process. For the in vitro safety profile, AgNPs did not show cytotoxicity on VERO cells ranging from 0.5 to 150 μg mL−1 with a good gemoprotection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that AgNPs have an inhibition of 312 μg mL−1 and 156 μg mL−1 on Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, respectively. The phytotoxicity showed that only high concentrations (50 and 100 μg mL−1) of AgNPs interfered with seed growth. Therefore, AgNPs biosynthesized from l-ascorbic acid (AA) have potential applications as antimicrobial dressings and are biocompatible for application in skin lesions.

Spray pyrolysis synthesis of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ nanoparticles for light conversion film enhancing photosynthesis in greenhouses

This study presents a comparative analysis of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ nanoparticles synthesized using Spray Pyrolysis (SP) and Solid-State Synthesis (SSS). Through meticulous characterization, we found that the SP method significantly enhanced the morphological and optical properties of the nanoparticles. SP-produced nanoparticles demonstrated a 30% higher crystallinity and a 25% increase in luminescence intensity compared to their SSS counterparts. Additionally, the mesoporous structure characteristic of SP-synthesized particles exhibited a 15% greater surface area, measured at 124.7 m2 g−1, which contributed to improved light absorption capabilities. These attributes are crucial for the intended application of enhancing photosynthesis in greenhouse environments. The UV–Visible spectra confirmed that SP nanoparticles possess superior light conversion capabilities, with notable implications for optimizing light distribution to facilitate plant growth. This research highlighted the advantages of SP, including ease of scalability and enhanced optical performance, which are pivotal for agricultural applications. The study emphasized that the choice of synthesis method played a critical role in tailoring the properties of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ nanoparticles for specific functional requirements in optical and agricultural technologies.

Enhancing the valorization of pulping black liquors in production effective aerogel–carbon nanostructure as adsorbents toward cationic and ionic dyes

This work deals with promoting the efficiency of removing the cationic and ionic dyes by new aerogel–carbon nanostructures. For cleaner production the rice straw-pulping black liquors, which regards serious environmental risk during routine disposing, is used in preparing the aerogel precursors. These aerogels (AGBs) depend on using pulping black liquor in hybrid with resorcinol and the less carcinogenic formaldehyde butyraldehyde. Black liquors from five pulping processes are used, Elemental, thermogravimetric (TGA and DTG), and FTIR-ATR analyses are used to characterize the carbon precursors. While their adsorption behavior toward cationic and anionic dyes are accessed via iodine-value, adsorption capacity and kinetic models, textural characterization, and SEM. The TGA measurements reveal that AGBs from BLs of neutral sulfite and soda-borohydride pulping reagents have higher activation and degradation energies than other aerogels. In terms of cationic and anionic dyes adsorption as well as textural characterization, the AGB-CNSs surpass that made from BLs. The discarded KOH/NH4OH black liquor is used to synthesize the best aerogel precursor for producing cationic methylene blue dye (MB) adsorbent, where it provides an adsorption capacity 242.1 mg/g. The maximum anionic brilliant blue dye (BB) adsorption capacity, 162.6 mg/g, is noticed by Kraft BL-aerogel-CNSs. These finding data overcome the literature carbon adsorbents based on lignin precursors. All examined CNSs toward MB dye follow the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium; while primarily the Freundlich model for BB dye. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model well fits the adsorption kinetics of investigated AGB-CNSs. The textural characterization and SEM revealed a mixture of mesoporous and micro porous features in the CNSs.

Development and characterization of magnetic-based biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles for enhanced biomedical applications

Herein, magnetic-based biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPMO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method to form a magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) core, followed by the condensation of organosilica precursors to produce BPMO shells. The physicochemical properties of the resulting hybrid nanoparticles were evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The synthesized particles exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 250 nm. A core–shell structure was formed by depositing a 100-nm biodegradable organosilica layer onto the magnetic Fe3O4 cluster, endowing the nanoparticles with both magnetic and biodegradable mesoporous characteristics. Notably, despite the silica coating, the saturation magnetization remained high, reaching 35.8 emu/g, suggesting the potential for using these nanoparticles in magnetic-based biomedical applications. Furthermore, Fe3O4@BPMO nanoparticles were demonstrated to be efficiently uptaken by OVCAR8 ovarian cancer cells and spheroids, indicating that these nanoparticles are promising as magnetic nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery and can be used in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic hyperthermia.

Constructing graphene oxide-wrapped wolframite-type 3D cube-like CuWO4 composite as a promising redox-active electrode for battery-type supercapacitors

The electronics industry's increasing demand for swift energy storage solutions drives researchers to invest significant resources into enhancing electrode materials. Achieving optimal efficiency throughout the charging process requires meticulous attention to the designing of the morphological, structure and chemical compositions of the electrode materials. Understanding the synergies among elements and structural dynamics is pivotal for maximizing the electrodes' performance. To address these challenges, we propose a groundbreaking approach through a straightforward and cost-effective solid-state reaction method followed by an impregnation technique to design a graphene oxide-wrapped wolframite-type 3D cube-like CuWO4 (GW-CuWO4) composite matrix. This design substantially increases the electrode's surface area (5 times greater than pristine CuWO4 and 12 times greater than sphere-like Na2WO4) and enhances its mesoporous characteristics. We extensively analyzed the physicochemical properties of GW-CuWO4 and compared them with pristine CuWO4 and Na2WO4 using various analytical techniques. The electrochemical performance of all electrodes exhibited battery-type characteristics, with the supercapacitive performance thoroughly investigated and compared. The specific capacity of the GW-CuWO4 composite electrode demonstrated significant results, reaching 520.8 C g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, with outstanding rate capability retaining 93 % capacity even at a high rate of charging current of 10 A g−1. In contrast, the specific capacity and rate capability of pristine CuWO4 were 392.1 C g−1 and 87 %, respectively, and Na2WO4 showed 295.8 C g−1 and 64 %. Additionally, the GW-CuWO4 electrode displayed excellent cyclic performance, retaining 95 % capacity at 10 A g−1 compared to CuWO4 (84 %). The GW-CuWO4 electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance due to the synergistic interactions between its constituent parts and its distinct 3D mesoporous composite network. High conductivity, rich redox reactions, easy electron transfer, short ion diffusion lengths, quick kinetics, and an abundance of active sites for electrochemical reactions are all made possible by this network. Presenting this cutting-edge electrode design builds a fresh framework for producing effective electrodes suited for the upcoming wave of high-performance energy storage devices.

2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks Bearing Large Pore Apertures and Multiple Active Sites for High-Performance Aqueous Dual-Ion Batteries.

2D conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) with large pore sizes and high surface areas are advantageous for adsorbing iodine species to enhance the electrochemical performance of aqueous dual-ion batteries (ADIBs). However, most of the reported 2D c-MOFs feature microporous structures, with few examples exhibiting mesoporous characteristics. Herein, we developed two mesoporous 2D c-MOFs, namely PA-TAPA-Cu-MOF and PA-PyTTA-Cu-MOF, using newly designed arylimide based multitopic catechol ligands (6OH-PA-TAPA and 8OH-PA-PyTTA). Notably, PA-TAPA-Cu-MOF exhibits the largest pore sizes (3.9 nm) among all reported 2D c-MOFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these 2D c-MOFs can serve as promising cathode host materials for polyiodides in ADIBs for the first time. The incorporation of triphenylamine moieties in PA-TAPA-Cu-MOF resulted in a higher specific capacity (423.4 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1.0 A g-1) and superior cycling performance, retaining 96 % capacity over 1000 cycles at 10 A g-1 compared to PA-PyTTA-Cu-MOF. Our comparative analysis revealed that the increased number of N anchoring sites and larger pore size in PA-TAPA-Cu-MOF facilitate efficient anchoring and conversion of I3 -, as supported by spectroscopic electrochemistry and density functional theory calculations.

Fabrication of new in‐situ ternary nano/microcomposite LDH/Ag2O/Bayerite in trimetallic NiAg/Al layered double hydroxides for CO2 capture material

AbstractWe reported new in‐situ ternary nano/microcomposite layered double hydroxides/Ag2O/bayerite in trimetallic NiAg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) via hydrothermal technique; and characterization by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and N2 adsorption‐desorption. The formation of bayerite and silver oxide species on the LDH nanosheet depended on the excess of Al3+ and Ag+ in the solution under alkaline and hydrothermal conditions. The nitrogen isotherm adsorption profile for all ternary composites exhibited uniformity with mesoporous and lamellar characteristics. The surface area of all the composites ranged from 81.17 to 150.23 m2. g−1, the Barret‐Joyner‐Halenda (BJH) pore volume from 0.22 to 0.27 cm3. g−1, and the average pore diameter ranged from 3.47 to 5.78 nm. All composites show a laminar plate‐like structure covered with elongated pieces. The particle size of the composites ranged from 54.86 to 115.96 nm, indicating the size changed from nano to microcomposite because of the different molar ratios of Ag and Ni in the solid. The ternary composite reveals CO2 capture activity with adsorption capacity ranging from 13.93 to 19.61 mmol g−1. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hydroxyl radical-regulated crystallization of hierarchical H-ZSM-5 at low temperatures for palm oil conversion into high aromatic green gasoline

Biofuel is a sustainable fuel that is more environmentally friendly. Common biofuel processing is pyrolysis, which requires high energy. The use of appropriate catalysts can reduce the activation energy and increase product selectivity. H-ZSM-5 has excellent characteristics as a catalyst. However, hierarchical H-ZSM-5 has better characteristics because catalyst deactivation can be minimized and substrate diffusion increased. Generally, the H-ZSM-5 crystallization rate is relatively slow; in this research, OH radicals (OH) have successfully increased the crystallization rate of hierarchical H-ZSM-5. A successful synthesis of H-ZSM-5 was confirmed based on FTIR spectra and XRD diffractogram, which showed characteristic peaks in H-ZSM-5 for both TR-3 (H-ZSM-5 synthesized using OH for three days) and TN-3 (H-ZSM-5 synthesized without OH for three days). The use of OH shows an increase in the rate constant up to 3 times, producing highly crystalline TR-3. The use of OH also affected the morphology of H-ZSM-5, where TR-3 crystals tended to be more spheric with a larger size than TN-3. Porosity analysis showed higher porosity and better mesoporous features, where SBET increased from 309 to 373 m2/g, and Sext increased from 226 to 237 m2/g. This gave good effects on the catalytic ability of TR-3 compared to TN-3 by increasing gasoline yield in palm oil cracking from 35.91 wt% to 38.82 wt%, while the enhancement of the mesoporous features successfully inhibiting coke formation on the catalyst from 3.23 wt% becomes 2.02 wt% so that catalyst deactivation can be minimized.

Superlative Porous Organic Polymers for Photochemical and Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Applications: From Synthesis to Functionality.

To mimic the carbon cycle at a kinetically rapid pace, the sustainable conversion of omnipresent CO2 to value-added chemical feedstock and hydrocarbon fuels implies a remarkable prototype for utilizing released CO2. Porous organic polymers (POPs) have been recognized as remarkable catalytic systems for achieving large-scale applicability in energy-driven processes. POPs offer mesoporous characteristics, higher surface area, and superior optoelectronic properties that lead to their relatively advanced activity and selectivity for CO2 conversion. In comparison to the metal organic frameworks, POPs exhibit an enhanced tendency toward membrane formation, which governs their excellent stability with regard to remarkable ultrathinness and tailored pore channels. The structural ascendancy of POPs can be effectively utilized to develop cost-effective catalytic supports for energy conversion processes to leapfrog over conventional noble metal catalysts that have nonlinear techno-economic equilibrium. Herein, we precisely surveyed the functionality of POPs from scratch, classified it, and provided a critical commentary of its current methodological advancements and photo/electrochemical achievements in the CO2 reduction reaction.

Stimulating Mesoporous Characteristics of Activated Carbon through Pyrolysis of Compacted Hydroxyethyl Cellulose—A Showcase for H2S Removal

Stimulating Mesoporous Characteristics of Activated Carbon through Pyrolysis of Compacted Hydroxyethyl Cellulose—A Showcase for H2S Removal

2D Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks Bearing Large Pore Apertures and Multiple Active Sites for High‐Performance Aqueous Dual‐Ion Batteries

2D conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) with large pore sizes and high surface areas are advantageous for adsorbing iodine species to enhance the electrochemical performance of aqueous dual‐ion batteries (ADIBs). However, most of the reported 2D c‐MOFs feature microporous structures, with few examples exhibiting mesoporous characteristics. Herein, we developed two mesoporous 2D c‐MOFs, namely PA‐TAPA‐Cu‐MOF and PA‐PyTTA‐Cu‐MOF, using newly designed arylimide based multitopic catechol ligands (6OH‐PA‐TAPA and 8OH‐PA‐PyTTA). Notably, PA‐TAPA‐Cu‐MOF exhibits the largest pore sizes (3.9 nm) among all reported 2D c‐MOFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these 2D c‐MOFs can serve as promising cathode host materials for polyiodides in ADIBs for the first time. The incorporation of triphenylamine moieties in PA‐TAPA‐Cu‐MOF resulted in a higher specific capacity (423.4 mAh g‐1 after 100 cycles at 1.0 A g‐1) and superior cycling performance, retaining 96% capacity over 1000 cycles at 10 A g‐1 compared to PA‐PyTTA‐Cu‐MOF. Our comparative analysis revealed that the increased number of N anchoring sites and larger pore size in PA‐TAPA‐Cu‐MOF facilitate efficient anchoring and conversion of I3‐, as supported by spectroscopic electrochemistry and density functional theory calculations.