Mesoporous Ce Research Articles

Vertically aligned mesoporous Ce doped NiO nanowalls with multilevel gas channels for high-performance acetone gas sensors

In recent years, the potential use and development of acetone gas sensors in health monitoring and self-diagnostic applications has attracted increasing attention. Thus, accurate sensing of acetone is of crucial importance in the non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes. However, challenges remain in the detection of acetone, such as high concentrations detection limit, high operating temperature and slow response dynamics. Herein, vertically aligned Ce-doped mesoporous NiO nanowalls are prepared on Ag-Pd interdigitated electrode substrate using an in-situ growth method. The gas sensing performances show that the as-made 4 mol% Ce-doped NiO nanowalls has excellent gas response value (3.2) to 10 ppm acetone at a lower operating temperature (175 ℃) with fast adsorption and desorption equilibrium (13 s/7 s). Vertically aligned mesoporous NiO nanowalls doped by Ce element could pave the way for ultra-sensitive and low power consumption acetone gas sensors for breath gas detection.

Ni-based mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalyst with enhanced low-temperature performance for CO2 methanation

The Ni/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts with different Ni doping amounts (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%) are prepared by the impregnation technique and used as CO2 methanation catalysts in this work. The effects of various Ni doping loading on CO2 methanation catalytic performance at low temperatures were investigated in this catalytic system. The results show that the catalyst with 15 wt% Ni doping shows the best catalytic performance. Since the heated sintering of Ni nanoparticles was prevented efficiently by CO2 methanation, these mesoporous catalysts exhibit excellent stability. Therefore, the catalyst is expected to be an efficient CO2 methanation catalyst at low temperatures.

Mesoporous Ce–Fe–Ni nanocomposites encapsulated in carbon-nanofibers: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic behavior in oxygen evolution reaction

Ceria-iron oxide mesoporous materials with Fe:Ce molar ratio of 5:5 and 9:1 were synthesized by hydrothermal method using CTAB as a template and subsequently modified with NiO (molar ratio Ni:Fe = 1:2) by incipient wetness impregnation technique. In order to increase the electro-capacitive properties and reduce the intrinsic impedance of the metal oxides, the samples were consecutively modified by reduction in hydrogen to obtain highly dispersed Ni–Fe alloys into ceria matrix. By exploiting the high permeability of carbon inside ferrous alloys, the metal phase has been further modified into ferrous carbides and metal alloys encapsulated within carbon nanofibers. For this purpose, a reaction, already widely studied for the production of hydrogen, was used, that is the decomposition of methanol vapors. In fact, this decomposition, in addition to producing syn-gas and methane, changes the catalysts in use through a chemical vapor deposition-carbon coating process. This fact, has been used by us to demonstrate how the newly obtained metal-carbon nanocomposites can be used for electro-catalytic purposes. The modified phases of the two molar ratios of the Fe–Ni–Ce catalysts were tested in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in an alkaline environment (1 M KOH), showing a satisfactory and progressive increase in activity and a surprising decrease in the overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 of current density. The morphological, textural and physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized in details by XRD, N2-physisorption, TG-TPO, TEM, EDX, FTIR, XPS, Raman and Moessbauer spectroscopies.

Screening and design of active metals on dendritic mesoporous Ce0.3Zr0.7O2 for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Different active metals (PdCu, PdZn, CuZn, CuGa, and CuNi) over novel dendritic Ce0.3Zr0.7O2 (CZ) support were optimized to investigate their metal alloy interactions and further utilize their surface properties of the spherical morphology and the open pores of the dendritic support. The nature of the dendritic support offers a distinctive property in which it can increases the distribution of active sites. This variety of bimetallic phases withhold a distinctive interaction characteristic with the support that could promote CO2 hydrogenation to methanol by improving the oxygen vacancies and modifying the catalyst's reduction property. The addition of ZnO species into PdZn/CZ catalyst and the higher dispersion degrees of active metals could generate more oxygen vacancies that can improve and stabilize the methoxy species and promote the formate routes, thus, improve the activity of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol reaction. PdZn/CZ catalyst displayed the highest CO2 conversions (25.7 %), methanol yield (6.9 %), and superior 100 h long-term stability than those of other bimetallic catalysts. The best CO2 hydrogenation activity of the PdZn/CZ catalyst can be ascribed to the CO2 adsorption capabilities of CZ support that generated added oxygen vacancies and hydrogen dissociation performance of the Pd-ZnO active site.

Coordination-Enhanced Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Waste Polishing Powder and Facile Preparation of Mesoporous Ce0.8la0.2o1.9

Coordination-Enhanced Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Waste Polishing Powder and Facile Preparation of Mesoporous Ce0.8la0.2o1.9

Screening Transition Metals (Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu) Promoted Ni-Based CO2 Methanation Bimetal Catalysts with Advanced Low-Temperature Activities

The Ni monometallic catalyst usually exhibits poor CO₂ methanation activity, although its low cost is beneficial for conducting large-scale application in industries. Herein, the transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu)-doped Ni-based bimetallic catalysts loaded on mesoporous Ce₀.₈Zr₀.₂O₂ solid solution were prepared to address this challenge in CO₂ methanation. We found that the Co-doped catalysts exhibited much higher activity than the corresponding counterparts. Therefore, the relationship between the Co/Ni ratio and activity was further investigated to acquire the optimum ratio. The obtained catalysts were characterized by various measurements. The results demonstrated that doping the second transition metals could promote Ni dispersion and strengthen metal–support interaction. Resultantly, serious agglomeration of the metallic active sites was successfully inhibited. Besides, we also carried out the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and online temperature-programmed surface reaction of CO₂ methanation to study the possible reaction intermediates and pathways over the Ni–Co bimetallic catalysts. A dynamic study was also conducted to further study the effect of the doped transition metals on the apparent activation energies. Besides, the present research also revealed that the Ni–Co synergistic effect significantly improved the low-temperature activity by regulating the reaction intermediates. As a result, the Ni–Co bimetallic catalysts supported by mesoporous Ce₀.₈Zr₀.₂O₂ solid solution were considered as a series of promising and efficient low-temperature CO₂ methanation catalysts.

CO2 Methanation over Rare Earth Doped Ni-Based Mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 with Enhanced Low-Temperature Activity

The Ni-based catalysts have a wide range of industrial applications due to its low cost, but its activity of CO2 methanation is not comparable to that of precious metal catalysts. In order to solve this problem, Ni-based mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 solid solution catalysts doped with rare earth were prepared by the incipient impregnation method and directly used as catalysts for the methanation of CO2. The catalysts were characterized systematically by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), CO2 temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), and so on. The results show that Ni is highly dispersed in the mesoporous skeleton, forming a strong metal-skeleton interaction. Therefore, under the condition of CO2 methanation, the hot sintering of metallic Ni nanoparticles can be effectively inhibited so that these mesoporous catalysts have good stability without obvious deactivation. The rare earth doping can significantly increase the surface alkalinity of catalyst and enhance the chemisorption of CO2. In addition, the rare earth elements also act as electron modifiers to help activate CO2 molecules. Therefore, the rare earth doped Ni-based mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 solid solution catalysts are expected to be an efficient catalyst for the methanation of CO2 at low-temperature.

Facile synthesis of cooperative mesoporous-assembled CexSr1-xFexTi1-xO3 perovskite catalysts for enhancement beta-lactam antibiotic photodegradation under visible light irradiation

Results demonstrated in this work presented the synthesis of mesoporous Ce and Fe co-modified SrTiO3 (CexSr1-xFexTi1-xO3) perovskite materials using an innovative chelate complex approach, applying a molar excess of glycerol and citric acid monohydrate as the chelating agents. The influence of different Ce and Fe dopant concentrations (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) on the characteristics of the SrTiO3 catalysts were systematically investigated using multi-technique. The results showed that controlled Ce and Fe contents significantly altered the physical and chemical properties of the materials. The diffractogram confirmed that all prepared samples crystallized in a typical perovskite structure of SrTiO3 without deviation in the original cubic symmetry in perovskite structure when introduced Ce and Fe in the lattice. Likewise, the microscopy verified the uniformity and particle size reduction of the catalysts with increasing doping contents. In addition, all prepared samples illustrated mesoporosity and BET surface area slightly increased with increasing the doping elements and represented smaller than pure SrTiO3 sample. The Ce atom, replacing some Sr2+ in the lattice, was represented in Ce3+ and Ce4+ valence states mixture. At the same time, Fe atoms, presenting Fe3+ and Fe4+ oxidation states, cannot be incorporated by substituting Ti4+ ions in the SrTiO3 lattice structure, only incorporated with the interstitial site, as confirmed by XPS and XANES measurements. The Ce and Fe dopants improved the absorptivity towards a longer wavelength, resulting in decreasing bandgap energy. Their photocatalytic performance towards beta-lactam antibiotic degradation under visible light irradiation using an LED source was also evaluated. The Ce0.04Sr0.96Fe0.04Ti0.96O3 sample exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin (67.4%) and demonstrated more activity than the pure SrTiO3 sample about 27 times. In the end, the synergistic effect of Ce and Fe dopants to help enhance the photocatalytic activity and the recycling ability were also detailed.

Investigation of kinetics and adsorption isotherm for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using mesoporous cerium-aluminum binary oxide nanomaterials.

Herein, we report the synthesis of Ce–Al (1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 6, and 1 : 9) binary oxide nanoparticles by a simple co-precipitation method at room temperature to be applied for defluoridation of an aqueous solution. The characterization of the synthesized nanomaterial was performed by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, TGA/DTA (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface analysis, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Ce–Al binary oxides in 1 : 6 molar concentration were found to have the highest surface area of 110.32 m2 g−1 with an average crystallite size of 4.7 nm, which showed excellent defluoridation capacity. The adsorptive capacity of the prepared material towards fluoride removal was investigated under a range of experimental conditions such as dosage of adsorbents, pH, and initial fluoride concentration along with adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics. The results indicated that fluoride adsorption on cerium–aluminum binary metal oxide nanoparticles occurred within one hour, with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 2.4. The experimental data obtained were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The nanomaterial showed an exceptionally high adsorbent capacity of 384.6 mg g−1. Time-dependent kinetic studies were carried out to establish the mechanism of the adsorption process by pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The results indicated that adsorption processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. This study suggests that cerium–aluminum binary oxide nanoparticles have good potential for fluoride removal from highly contaminated aqueous solutions.

General and Efficient Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Monolayer Mesoporous Materials with Diverse Framework Compositions.

Two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous materials have received substantial research interest due to their highly exposed active sites and unusual nanoconfinement effect. However, controllable and efficient synthesis of 2D mesoporous materials and investigation of their intrinsic properties have remained quite rare. Herein, a general and effective surface-limited cooperative assembly (SLCA) method enabled by leveling precursor solutions on KCl crystals via centrifugation is employed to conveniently synthesize two-dimensional (2D) monolayer mesoporous materials with different compositions. This novel strategy is performed in a manner similar to spin coating, not only enabling generation of ultrathin mesostructured composite film on KCl particles and recycling excessive precursor solution but also providing favorable solvent annealing environment for the film to form ordered mesostructures. Taking monolayer mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 solid solutions as a sample, they display ultrathin nanosheet morphology with a thickness of ∼20 nm, highly open porous structure, and easily accessible active sites of surface superoxide species. Upon decoration of 2D mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 nanosheets with Pt nanoparticles, the obtained catalyst exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability toward CO oxidation with a low onset temperature of 30 °C and a 100% conversion temperature of 95 °C, which are 35-70 °C lower than those for their counterpart materials, namely, three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2. Moreover, their TOFPt value is ∼11.3 times higher than that of 3D mesoporous Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2. Characterizations based on various techniques indicate that such an outstanding catalytic performance is due to the ultrashort distance (20 nm) of mass diffusion, highly exposed active sites, rich surface-chemisorbed oxygen, and the synergistic effect between the Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 matrix and Pt species.

Gold catalysts supported on cerium-modified mesoporous zirconia for total toluene oxidation. Effect of Ce/Zr molar ratio

Our study focused on the synthesis of gold catalysts supported on mixed Ce–ZrO2 (Ce/Zr = 0, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.9) mesoporous, which are mainly potential in the total oxidation of toluene and other volatile organic compounds. The mesoporous Ce–ZrO2 oxides (Ce/Zr = 0, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.9) were prepared via soft template strategy, using a triblock copolymer as a template. 1% of Au was loaded on mixed oxide mesoporous by deposition precipitation method. Ce–ZrO2 and Au/Ce–ZrO2 (Ce/Zr = 0, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.9) samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, H2-TPR and MET. The results showed that the dispersion of the gold particles on Ce–ZrO2 depends on the Ce/Zr ratio. These catalysts were then tested in the deep oxidation of toluene oxidation where they exhibited an excellent catalytic activity by complete decomposition of toluene at the reaction temperature equal to 576 K. This activity is correlated with the dispersion of the gold particles; itself is correlated with the Ce/Zr ratio.

Solid-state preparation of mesoporous Ce–Mn–Co ternary mixed oxide nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of methylene blue

Mesoporous Ce–Mn–Co ternary metal oxide was fabricated via an efficient oxalate-precursor-based soft reactive grinding route and used to activate H2O2 for advanced oxidation of methylene blue in water. In addition, Mn–Co binary oxide and pure Co3O4 and Mn3O4 were also synthesized as reference catalysts. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, H2-temperature programmed reduction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that part of the Ce and Mn can be incorporated into the lattice of Co3O4 and cause severe lattice distortion of the unit cell. Compared with the single or binary system, Ce–Mn–Co ternary metal oxide exhibits the best activity in methylene blue removal and nearly 100% decomposition rate and 84% COD removal rate can be achieved in 12 h, and with degradation rate of 93.5% after three rounds. These results are primarily attributed to the synergistic effect of Ce, Mn and Co, which can promote the formation of more lattice defects, higher specific surface area and smaller particle size. Quenching tests show that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) play more dominant role than superoxide radicals (·O2-). Kinetic studies were studied and the activation energies of all the catalysts were calculated.

Preparation of mesoporous CexCoO as highly effective catalysts for toluene combustion: The synergetic effects of structural template and Ce doping

Cobalt‐based catalyst, as a typical catalyst for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) combustion, has attracted extensive attention. However, the catalytic activity of pure Co3O4 is difficult to meet the requirements of practical application especially at low temperatures. Therefore, it is key to find an effective way to improve the catalytic performance of Co3O4. In this paper, Co3O4 is modified by engineering a combination of structural template and Ce dopant. The various characterization results verify that the template agent and the doping of appropriate Ce lead to great changes in the texture property and low temperature reducibility of Co3O4, thus resulting in superior catalytic performances of obtained mesoporous CexCoO catalysts. In particular, the best catalyst, Ce0.05CoO, achieves a toluene conversion of T90% at 238°C, which is significantly lower than many of the Co‐based catalysts reported in previous literatures. Furthermore, the toluene conversion rate maintains above 90% during 100 h at 238°C. The excellent catalytic performance of Ce0.05CoO can be attributed to its large specific surface area, uniform pore structure, good low temperature reducibility, and abundant surface oxygen species.

Catalytic oxidation of benzene at low temperature over novel combination of metal oxide based catalysts: CuO, MnO2, NiO with Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 as support

Mesoporous Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 solid solution powders were successfully synthesized by a co-precipitation method. A combination of 10 wt% copper oxide, manganese oxide, and nickel oxide was added to the Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 support by impregnation method and calcined in the air with a flow rate of 2 ml s−1 at 400 °C for 4 h. All catalysts were characterized using Hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) isotherm methods to find the interaction between metals, the crystallinity of the catalyst, surface area and pore volume of the catalyst, respectively. The 3.3% CuO-3.3% MnO2-3.3% NiO/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 catalyst showed higher catalytic activity for benzene oxidation with benzene conversion of 90% at 250 °C and weight hourly space velocity (72,000 mL g−1 h−1) when compared to one metal oxide only. This finding presents a high activity and low-cost catalysts for removing a very lean concentration of benzene containing in the industrial flue gas at low temperatures.

Mesoporous Ce\u2013Zr mixed oxides for selective oxidation of styrene in liquid phase

This work reports the synthesis of mesoporous Ce1-x-ZrxO2-δ (x = 0.5 and 0.8) mixed oxides with distinct Ce/Zr mole ratio by inverse micelle template method and their catalytic exploration for epoxidation of styrene in isopropanol solvent using TBHP as the oxidant. Among various catalysts investigated, the Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 combination catalyst exhibited best catalytic activity with ~ 98% conversion and ~ 90% selectivity to styrene epoxide. The synthesized Ce–Zr mixed oxide catalysts were characterized by various state-of-the-art techniques. Characterization studies revealed that Ce/Zr mole ratio has an imperative influence on the physicochemical properties such as surface area, oxygen vacancy concentration, and redox nature. Interestingly, catalytic efficiency was significantly improved with the increase of Ce and decrease of Zr content in the Ce–Zr mixed oxides. Catalytic efficiency and distribution of the products for styrene oxidation under various conditions such as reaction time, solvent, temperature, and styrene to TBHP mole ratio were also evaluated. Reusability of the highly active Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 mixed oxide catalyst was also demonstrated.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) supported on ordered mesoporous Ce0.1Mn0.9Oδ as high-efficient catalysts for toluene combustion

Series of ordered mesoporous CexMn1-xOδ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) were successfully prepared with a hard template method using KIT-6. Among the mesoporous CexMn1-xOδ catalysts, the rutile β-Ce0.1Mn0.9Oδ supports exhibited excellent catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. On basis of these, the effects of MOx (M = Co, Cu, Fe) on Ce0.1Mn0.9Oδ catalysts were investigated in the catalytic combustion of toluene. Among the as-prepared catalysts, the CuOx/Ce0.1Mn0.9Oδ exhibits the best performance of toluene catalytic combustion with the T90% of 254 °C and good stability.

Facile synthesis of 3D flower-like mesoporous Ce-ZnO at room temperature for the sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradations of RhB and phenol

A 3D flower-like mesoporous Ce doped ZnO composite composed of nanosheets was prepared by a facile, one-step wet chemical method at room temperature. It was found that the moderate Ce doping can improve the light absorption of ZnO. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were studied by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol under stimulated sunlight. The 1% mole ratio of Ce doped ZnO composites (denoted as CZ1) showed higher photocatalytic performance than other samples, where 85.1% of RhB and 69.6% of phenol can be removed within 125 min and 120 min, respectively. The Ce4+ doped in the lattice of ZnO can act as the electron trapping sites, which effectively improve the electron-hole separation. In addition, it was also found the annealing temperature had effect on the morphology and structure of Ce doped ZnO. The photocatalytic performance can be further enhanced at proper annealing temperature (500 °C) due to the increase of ZnO crystallinity with maintained flower-like structure and the formation of CeO2-ZnO heterojunction at their tight interface promoting the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.

CO Oxidation over Metal Oxide (La2O3, Fe2O3, PrO2, Sm2O3, and MnO2) Doped CuO-Based Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 with Intensified Low-Temperature Activity

CuO-based catalysts are usually used for CO oxidation owing to their low cost and excellent catalytic activities. In this study, a series of metal oxide (La2O3, Fe2O3, PrO2, Sm2O3, and MnO2)-doped CuO-based catalysts with mesoporous Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 support were simply prepared by the incipient impregnation method and used directly as catalysts for CO catalytic oxidation. These mesoporous catalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). It was found that the CuO and the dopants were highly dispersed among the mesoporous framework via the incipient impregnation method, and the strong metal framework interaction had been formed. The effects of the types of the dopants and the loading amounts of the dopants on the low-temperature catalytic performances were carefully studied. It was concluded that doped transition metal oxides could regulate the oxygen mobility and reduction ability of catalysts, further improving the catalytic activity. It was also found that the high dispersion of rare earth metal oxides (PrO2, Sm2O3) was able to prevent the thermal sintering and aggregation of CuO-based catalysts during the process of calcination. In addition, their presence also evidently improved the reducibility and significantly reduced the particle size of the CuO active sites for CO oxidation. The results demonstrated that the 15CuO-3Fe2O3/M-Ce80Zr20 catalyst with 3 wt. % of Fe2O3 showed the best low-temperature catalytic activity toward CO oxidation. Overall, the present Fe2O3-doped CuO-based catalysts with mesoporous nanocrystalline Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 solid solution as support were considered a promising series of catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation.

Ni/Ce[sbnd]Al2O3 for optimum hydrogen production from biomass/tar model compounds: Role of support type and ceria modification on desorption kinetics

This communication presents the synergistic role of ceria and alumina support type, in the gasification of glucose/toluene as biomass/tar model compounds over Ni/CeAl2O3. Two catalysts having 20 wt% nickel on a mesoporous Ce(x)-mesoAl2O3 (x = 0 or 1) were prepared via successive incipient wetness impregnation method. Two similar catalysts (i.e. Ni(20)/Ce(x)-γAl2O3, x = 0 or 1), were also prepared using a commercial γ-Al2O3 support. The catalysts show excellent activities for glucose/toluene mix feed as a biomass/tar model species. Physicochemical characterizations indicate that this method produces Ni/CeAl2O3 catalysts of moderate acidity, desirable pore size for biomass/tar conversion to syngas. Activity test in a riser simulator revealed that all the four catalysts are highly active for biomass/tar reforming at moderate temperature (i.e. 700 °C). In particular, Ni(20)/Ce-meso-Al2O3 was the best in terms of hydrogen production at low gasification temperature (i.e. 500 °C). This is due to its unique properties resulting from the synergistic effect of ceria promoter and our methodology for synthesizing Ce-doped-mesoAl2O3. For a 15 wt% mixed glucose/toluene feed at 700 °C and 30 s reaction time, the product composition over the Ni(20)/Ce-meso-Al2O3 catalyst was 74.33 mol% H2, 22.60 mol% COx and 3.06 mol% HC's (i.e. C1, C2, and C2=) with no tar in the product.

Facilely fabricating mesoporous nanocrystalline Ce–Zr solid solution supported CuO-based catalysts with advanced low-temperature activity toward CO oxidation

The synergistic effect between CuO and mesoporous Ce–Zr solid solution greatly enhanced the advanced low-temperature catalytic activity toward CO oxidation.