Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Research Articles

Anti-inflammatory cerium-containing nano-scaled mesoporous bioactive glass for promoting regenerative capability of dental pulp cells.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and odontoblastic effects of cerium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ce-MBGNs) on dental pulp cells as novel pulp-capping agents. Ce-MBGNs were synthesized using a post-impregnation strategy based on the antioxidant properties of Ce ions and proposed the first use of Ce-MBGNs for pulp-capping application. The biocompatibility of Ce-MBGNs was analysed using the CCK-8 assay and apoptosis detection. Additionally, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability of Ce-MBGNs was measured using the 2,7-Dichlorofuorescin Diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ce-MBGNs on THP-1 cells was further investigated using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the effect of Ce-MBGNs on the odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells (DPCs) was assessed by combined scratch assays, RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, Alizarin Red S staining and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase staining. Analytically, the secretions of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ce-MBGNs were confirmed to effectively scavenge ROS in THP-1-derived macrophages and DPCs. Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR assays revealed that Ce-MBGNs significantly inhibited the M1 polarization of macrophages (Mφ). Furthermore, the protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were downregulated in THP-1-derived macrophages after stimulation with Ce-MBGNs. With a step-forward virtue of promoting the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs, we further confirmed that Ce-MBGNs could regulate the formation of a conductive immune microenvironment with respect to tissue repair in DPCs, which was mediated by macrophages. Ce-MBGNs protected cells from self-produced oxidative damage and exhibited excellent immunomodulatory and odontoblastic differentiation effects on DPCs. As a pulp-capping agent, this novel biomaterial can exert anti-inflammatory effects and promote restorative dentine regeneration in clinical treatment. We believe that this study will stimulate further correlative research on the development of advanced pulp-capping agents.

Fabrication of poly(xylitol‐citrate‐sebacate) and strontium‐doped mesoporous bioactive glass scaffold for tissue engineering application

AbstractIn this study, strontium‐doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr‐MBGNs) were incorporated into a poly(xylitol‐citrate‐sebacate) (PXCS) matrix using solution mixing techniques. The resulting composites, including PXCS, PXCS/1.5% Sr‐MBGNs, PXCS/3% Sr‐MBGNs, and PXCS/5% Sr‐MBGNs, were characterized for biomedical applications using FTIR, DSC, and x‐ray diffraction analyses. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and a universal testing machine were employed to investigate the structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of the polymer and its nanocomposites. Our findings indicate that the introduction of polymer and its nanocomposites minimally affects the glass transition and crystallinity. The observed decrease in glass transition temperature with increasing Sr‐MBGNs content suggests a plasticizing effect. These results are consistent with previous studies. Additionally, in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate antibacterial properties, VERO cell line proliferation, degradation, and swelling percentage of the scaffolds. Metal ions release behavior was assessed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) Furthermore, the drug loading and release of curcumin from PXCS/5% Sr‐MBGNs and PXCS/Sr‐MBGNs nanocomposite scaffolds were investigated at varying pH levels (pH: 5.5, 6.8, and 7.4). Both PXCS/5% Sr‐MBGNs and PXCS/5% Sr‐MBGNs scaffolds demonstrated enhanced biological properties, highlighting their potential for use in bone regeneration approaches.

Efficacy of Ga3+ ions on structural, biological and antimicrobial activity of mesoporous lithium silicate bioactive glasses for tissue engineering

Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNPs) containing therapeutic ions have shown significant promise in the realm of hard and soft tissue repair and regeneration, owing to their multifunctional biological properties. In this study, gallium-incorporated silica-based gallium incorporated MBGNPs (Ga-MBGNPs) with fixed amount of Li2O (8 mol %) were synthesized using an emulsion-assisted sol-gel method. The impact of Ga2O3 integration into the silicate glass network was evaluated by investigating the microtextural properties. The results confirmed the production of spherical-shaped, nano-sized, amorphous particles with an enhanced specific surface area and ordered hexagonal meso-porosity (10–20 nm) in the developed Ga-MBGNPs. The in vitro bioactivity, assessed through hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer formation in simulated body fluid (SBF), over varying time intervals (0, 1, 3, 7, 14 & 21 days), revealed pronounced formation of short rod-like carbonated HAp with increasing immersion time and Ga3+ content in all glasses. However, a delayed apatite formation was observed for composition-dependent Ga-4 and Ga-5 MBGs during the initial incubation periods (1, 3, and 7 days). Further, the presence of Li + ions along with Ga3+ enhanced the apatite deposition when compared with the only Ga3+ inclusion. Evaluation of degradation rate and pH values indicated enhanced apatite formation with lower Ga ion content, while a slight reduction was noted with higher Ga ion content, attributable to the presence of reactive Si–O–Si bonds. Furthermore, analysis using a Zeta potential analyzer confirmed the dispersibility and bioreactivity of all glass powders owing to their higher negative surface charge. Moreover, Ga-MBGNPs exhibited notable antimicrobial effects against both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria due to the release of Ga3+ ions. Overall, the findings suggest that the incorporation of Ga in MBGNPs renders them potential multifunctional candidates for expediting the healing of bone tissue injuries in biomedical applications.

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles with Dopants Bismuth and Iron as Magnetic Photothermal Agents for Biomedical Applications

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles with Dopants Bismuth and Iron as Magnetic Photothermal Agents for Biomedical Applications

A bone adhesive enhances osteoporotic fracture repair by regulating bone homeostasis

Patients suffering from osteoporotic fractures often require effective fixation and subsequent bone repair. However, the currently available materials are functionally limited and often fail to improve outcomes in this patient population. In this study, we developed orthopedic adhesives doped with romosozumab-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles to aid in osteoporotic fracture fixation and restore dysregulated bone homeostasis. These adhesives were designed to promote osteoblast formation while simultaneously inhibiting osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity, thus working synergistically to promote the healing of osteoporotic fractures. Orthopedic adhesives exhibit injectability, reversible adhesiveness, and malleability, enhancing their adaptability to complex clinical scenarios. Furthermore, the release of romosozumab from mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles accelerated osteogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis, delaying the bone resorption process. This dual action contributes to the regulation of bone regeneration and remodeling. Notably, our orthopedic adhesive could restore the disrupted bone homeostasis associated with osteoporotic fractures.

Strontium and Zinc Co-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications.

Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have attracted significant attention as multifunctional nanocarriers for various applications in both hard and soft tissue engineering. In this study, multifunctional strontium (Sr)- and zinc (Zn)-containing MBGNs were successfully synthesized via the microemulsion-assisted sol-gel method combined with a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB). Sr-MBGNs, Zn-MBGNs, and Sr-Zn-MBGNs exhibited spherical shapes in the nanoscale range of 100 ± 20 nm with a mesoporous structure. Sr and Zn were co-substituted in MBGNs (60SiO2-40CaO) to induce osteogenic potential and antibacterial properties without altering their size, morphology, negative surface charge, amorphous nature, mesoporous structure, and pore size. The synthesized MBGNs facilitated bioactivity by promoting the formation of an apatite-like layer on the surface of the particles after immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). The effect of the particles on the metabolic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells was concentration-dependent. The hMSCs exposed to Sr-MBGNs, Zn-MBGNs, and Sr-Zn-MBGNs at 200 μg/mL enhanced calcium deposition and osteogenic differentiation without osteogenic supplements. Moreover, the cellular uptake and internalization of Sr-MBGNs, Zn-MBGNs, and Sr-Zn-MBGNs in hMSCs were observed. These novel particles, which exhibited multiple functionalities, including promoting bone regeneration, delivering therapeutic ions intracellularly, and inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, are potential nanocarriers for bone regeneration applications.

Influence of glass composition on the network structure and mineralization of europium containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles

A mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (MBN) containing functional elements effectively enhances its healing effect in medical applications. The MBN mainly comprises SiO2 structure and controls the composition by incorporating functional ions into the glass network, which affects the network structure and bioactivity. Europium has already been identified to have luminescence properties for drug delivery systems and positively affects osteogenic properties. Therefore, in this study, we recognize the changes in the glass network according to different compositions with the same amount of europium oxide (10 mol%).The MBN compositions with SiO2–CaO–P2O5–Eu2O3 were synthesized by sol-gel method, and we control the contents of SiO2 and CaO, respectively. The obtained Eu-containing MBNs had spherical morphology with mesoporous structure. Changes in bioactivity and mineralization properties would be investigated to apply the dental products. After soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF), Eu-containing MBNs with substituted SiO2 form an amorphous calcium phosphate phase on their surface. The results indicate that incorporating Eu in the bioactive glass network is an effective strategy for mineralization and developing novel multifunctional MBNs for bone tissue and drug delivery carriers.

Oxidized alginate-gelatin (ADA-GEL)/silk fibroin/Cu-Ag doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle-based hydrogels for potential wound care treatments

The present work focuses on developing 5% w/v oxidized alginate (alginate di aldehyde, ADA)-7.5% w/v gelatin (GEL) hydrogels incorporating 0.25% w/v silk fibroin (SF) and loaded with 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Cu-Ag MBGNs). The microstructural, mechanical, and biological properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized in detail. The porous microstructure of the developed ADA-GEL based hydrogels was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, while the presence of Cu-Ag MBGNs in the synthesized hydrogels was determined using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The incorporation of 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag MBGNs reduced the mechanical properties of the synthesized hydrogels, as investigated using micro-tensile testing. The synthesized ADA-GEL loaded with 0.25% w/v SF and 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag MBGNs showed a potent antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Cellular studies using the NIH3T3-E1 fibroblast cell line confirmed that ADA-GEL films incorporated with 0.3% w/v Cu-Ag MBGNs exhibited promising cellular viability as compared to pure ADA-GEL (determined by WST-8 assay). The addition of SF improved the biocompatibility, degradation rate, moisturizing effects, and stretchability of the developed hydrogels, as determined in vitro. Such multimaterial hydrogels can stimulate angiogenesis and exhibit desirable antibacterial properties. Therefore further (in vivo) tests are justified to assess the hydrogels’ potential for wound dressing and skin tissue healing applications.

Cohering Plasma into Adhesive Gel by Natural Biopolymer-Nanoparticle Hybrid Powder for Efficient Hemostasis and Wound Healing.

Hemostatic powder is commonly used in emergency bleeding control due to its suitability for irregularly shaped wounds, ease of use, and stable storage. However, traditional powder often has limited tissue adhesion and weak thrombus support, which makes it vulnerable to displacement by blood flow. Herein, we have developed a tricomponent hemostatic powder (MQS) composed of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (MBG), positively charged quaternized chitosan (QCS), and negatively charged catechol-modified alginate (SADA). Upon application to the wound, MBG with its high specific surface area quickly absorbs plasma, concentrating the blood coagulation factor. Simultaneously, the water-soluble QCS and SADA interact with each other and form a net, which can be further cross-linked by MBG. This network efficiently binds and entraps clustered blood coagulation factors, ultimately resulting in the formation of a durable and robust thrombus. Furthermore, the formed net adheres to the injury site, offering protection against thrombus disruption caused by the bloodstream. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of these three components, MQS demonstrates superior hemostatic performance compared to commercial hemostatic powders like Celox in both arterial injuries and noncompressible liver puncture wounds. Furthermore, MQS can effectively accelerate wound healing. In addition, MQS exhibits excellent antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. These advantages of MQS, including strong blood clotting, wet tissue adherence, antibacterial activity, wound healing ability, biosafety, ease of use, and stable storage, make it a promising hemostatic agent for emergency situations.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Core Shell Magnetite Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment of Cancer

AbstractMultiple biological advances have made use of bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles (NPs) in regenerative medicine, bone and tooth repair, drug and gene transfer, cancer treatment, and cosmetics. Normal biocompatible coatings alongside hydrocarbons, polymers, and silica significantly affect fundamental attributes of NPs. In this study, we synthesized a novel mesoporous BG NPs with magnetite core shell (AMAG_BG) using L‐arginine as a template processing magnetic hyperthermia (MH). BG network coverage on magnetite (AMAG) NPs were orchestrated first time by bio‐inspired synthesis in watery dissolvable. AMAG and AMAG_BG NPs were characterized by utilizing FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, and BET analysis. The elemental composition of L‐arginine templated magnetite (AMAG) and AMAG_BG NPs was also determined by XPS and EDX analysis. Characteristics of AMAG_BG were contrasted with bare AMAG NPs in morphology, particle size, porosity, and composition. The fabricated BG NPs′ in‐vitro bioactivity and heat studies were successfully monitored after interaction with simulated bodily fluid (SBF). Magnetic studies and in‐vitro heat studies together demonstrated the behavior of BG NPs towards MH treatment of cancerous cells. Cytotoxicity tests on AMAG_BG NPs using U2OS and human blood cells with appropriate control experiments revealed biocompatibility. The study represents magnetic and thermal property‐dependent sustainable synthetic process of AMAG BG NPs for cancer treatment.

A novel injectable hydrogel prepared from phenylboronic acid modified gelatin and oxidized-dextran for bone tissue engineering

Complicated fractures have always been challenging in orthopaedics. Designing a multifunctional biomaterial that can contribute to the treatment of fractures using a simple operation remains challenging. Here, we developed a trinity hydrogel system consisting of hydrogel prepared from phenylboronic acid modified gelatin and oxidized-dextran, lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs), and irisin. This hydrogel material exhibits considerable injectability, fat-to-shape, and self-healing characteristics. In addition, compared to hydrogel prepared from gelatin and oxidized-dextran, the hydrogel material presented a noticeable enhancement in compression stress and adhesion strength towards porcine bone fragments, which enables it more effectively splice bone fragments during surgery. Based on the various interactions between irisin and the hydrogel network, the system exhibited a clear sustained release of irisin. Based on the results of in vitro cell tests, the hydrogel material showed good cytocompatibility. And it also considerably enhanced the in vitro pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic capacities of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo experimental results indicated that this hydrogel considerably improved the repair of cranial defects in rats. The current study provides a feasible strategy for the treatment of bone fractures and stimulation of fracture healing.

A Novel 3D‐Printed Bi‐Layer Cranial‐Brain Patch Promotes Brain Injury Repair and Bone Tissue Regeneration

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), recognized as the world's most serious public health problem, currently lacks effective treatment options. The development of the patch has great clinical significance whether it is used as a skull implant material or TBI repair. In response to this critical health challenge, a novel 3D‐printed bi‐layer cranial‐brain patch (SMB6) with dual functionality, addressing both TBI repair and skull regeneration, is developed. In the first layer, the incorporation of high concentrations of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles establishes a microenvironment for bone regeneration. Meanwhile, the second layer, comprised of methacrylated silk fibroin hydrogel, provides essential mechanical support for nanocell membrane vesicles loaded with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐6. This innovative design aims to interrupt the cascade of secondary brain injury. In experimental models of TBI, SMB6 demonstrates remarkable efficacy in inhibiting brain edema, exerting therapeutic effects on blood vessels, nerves, and inflammation. Additionally, promising outcomes are observed in promoting bone regeneration in skull defect models. This work not only introduces a potential therapeutic patch for TBI‐related diseases but also provides novel insights for the clinical translation of cranial patches.

Hydroxycarbonate apatite formation, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties of rubidium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles

Rubidium (Rb) has been shown to impact biological activity. This work synthesized Rb-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) based on the composition 70SiO2–30CaO mol% with a sol-gel method. Rb2O was substituted for CaO in concentrations of 5 and 10 mol%. The influence of Rb incorporation on the hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) formation, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial capacity of particles was evaluated. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous structure of the particles. In vitro, biomineralization studies showed HCA on the surface of MBGN and Rb-doped MBGN pellets after 7 days of soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). An inhibition zone of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) around Rb-doped MBGN pellets was detected, while MBGN pellets did not show any inhibition zone. Additionally, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells demonstrated cytocompatibility when exposed to Rb-MBG suspensions at different concentrations of up to 250 µg/ml. Based on their overall properties, Rb-containing MBGNs are proposed for biomedical applications, such as filler nanoparticles in composite bone scaffolds.

Lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration.

Healing of severe fractures and bone defects involves many complex biological processes, including angiogenesis and osteogenesis, presenting significant clinical challenges. Biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering often possess multiple functions to meet these challenges, including proangiogenic, proosteogenic, and antibacterial properties. We fabricated lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Li-Co-MBGNs) using a modified sol-gel method. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the nanoparticles had high specific surface areas (>600m2/g) and a mesoporous structure suitable for hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and sustained release of therapeutic ions. In vitro experiments with Li-Co-MBGNs showed that these promoted angiogenic properties in HUVECs and pro-osteogenesis abilities in BMSCs by releasing Co2+ and Li+ ions. We observed their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating their potential applications in bone tissue engineering. Overall, our findings indicate the feasibility of its application in bone tissue engineering.

Electrospun nanofibers combined with Fe-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles induce in vitro melanoma cell death

Iron (Fe) doped-mesoporous bioactive glasses are among the most promising candidates in cancer therapy; the present study reports the successful fabrication and characterization of a series of anticancer and pro-regenerative nanocomposites of polycaprolactone and gelatin nanofibers combined with Fe-doped mesoporous bioactive glasses. The anticancer potential and regenerative capacity of the prepared nanocomposite were studied on melanoma (A375 cell line) and normal fibroblast cells (L929 cell line) by using the MTT assay, annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde assay, as well as adhesion and migration assessments. The characterization of the nanofibers containing 20 % (wt.%) glass particles revealed a suitable tensile strength (5.8 MPa), controlled swelling (355.5 % after 24 hours), and degradability (31.33 % after 28 days). The viability of A375 cells was significantly reduced (up to 77 %) after treatment with the 20 % glass-impregnated nanofibers along with 58 % and 8 % increase in their apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. Interestingly, this nanocomposite showed no significant adverse effects on normal fibroblasts. In conclusion, this study suggests the possibility of the bioactive glass nanoparticles/electrospun nanofiber composites in the treatment of cancers (e.g., melanoma) as well as in providing a suitable microenvironment for tissue repair and regeneration. However, performing in vivo studies is required to provide clear evidence of the anticancer potential of this nanocomposite system.

Surface engineering of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles with bacteriophages for enhanced antibacterial activity

Binary SiO2-CaO mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) are multifunctional biomaterials able to promote osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory activities. MBGNs have been applied in a variety of tissue regeneration strategies. However, MBGNs lack strong antibacterial activity and current strategies (loading of antibacterial ions and antibiotics) toward enhanced antibacterial activity may cause cytotoxicity or antibiotic resistance. Here we engineered MBGNs using bacteriophages (phages) to enhance the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticle. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. T) phage PFPV25.1 which can infect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 was used as a model phage to engineer MBGNs. The MBGNs were first modified with amine groups to enhance the affinity between phages and MBGNs surfaces. Afterward, the physicochemical and antibacterial activity of phage-engineered MBGNs was evaluated. The results showed that S. T phage PFPV25.1 was successfully bound onto MBGNs surfaces without losing their bioactivity. A higher quantity of phages could be bounded onto amine-functionalized MBGNs than non-functionalized MBGNs. Phages on amine-functionalized MBGNs exhibited higher antibacterial activity. The stability test showed that phages could remain on amine-functionalized MBGNs for over 28 days. This work provides valuable information on developing phage-modified MBGNs as a new, effective antibacterial system for biomedical applications.

An injectable gel based on photo-cross-linkable hyaluronic acid and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for periodontitis treatment

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an effective strategy to promote periodontal tissue repair. The current study aimed to develop an injectable gel for GBR, composed of photo-cross-linkable hyaluronic acid and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) loaded with antibacterial minocycline hydrochloride (MNCl). Hyaluronic acid modified with methacrylic anhydride (MHA) that could be cross-linked under UV irradiation was first synthesized. Dynamic rheological evaluation of MHA under UV was carried out to determine its in-situ gelling feasibility and stability. Morphological and mechanical characterization was performed to determine the optimal concentration of MHA gels. Sol-gel derived MBGNs loaded with MNCl were further incorporated into MHA gels to obtain the injectable drug-loaded MBGN-MNCl/MHA gels. In vitro antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of this gel were evaluated. It was shown that the MHA gel obtained from 3 % MHA under UV treatment of 30s exhibited a suitable porous structure with a compressive strength of 100 kPa. MBGNs with particle size of ∼120 nm and mesopores were confirmed by TEM and SEM. MBGNs had a loading capacity of ∼120 mg/g for MNCl, exhibiting a sustained release behavior. The MBGN-MNCl/MHA gel was shown to effectively inhibit the proliferation of Streptococcus mutans and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α by macrophages. It could on the other hand significantly promote the expression of osteogenic-related genes ALP, Runx2, OPN, and osterix of MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, the current design using photo-crosslinkable MHA gel embedded with MNCl loaded MBGNs can serve as a promising injectable formulation for GBR treatment of irregular periodontal defects.

Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles with biomineralization activity for surgical hemorrhage control

ABSTRACTBioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) are good bioactive materials for clinical treatment because of their unique composition and silica-oxygen network structure. Herein, we designed and reported a monodisperse mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle with biomineralization activity for surgical hemorrhage control. The results indicated that the BGNs have excellent biomineralization ability. In vivo and in vitro hemostasis studies suggested that BGNs have superior hemostatic properties to GZ (gauze) and GS (commercial gelatin sponge) and validated in vitro thrombosis, platelet adhesion, cytocompatibility and blood compatibility. The particles activated both endogenous and exogenous physiological coagulation pathways and could activate platelets and release Ca2+ to participate in the clotting pathway. Besides, the BGNs have good biocompatibility in vivo. These findings demonstrated that the potential of small diameter mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles is likely useful for bleeding control as potential hemostatic agents.

Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles loaded with peganum harmala for bone tissue engineering

Globally, there is an increase in a number of bone disorders including osteoarthritis (OA), osteomyelitis, bone cancer, and etc., which has led to a demand for bone tissue regeneration. In order to take use of the osteogenic potential of natural herbs, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have the ability to deliver therapeutically active chemicals locally. MBGNs influence bioactivity and osteointegration of materials making them suitable for bone tissue engineering (BTE). In the present study, we developed Peganum Harmala (P. harmala) loaded MBGNs (PH-MBGNs) synthesized via modified Stöber process. The MBGNs were analyzed in terms of surface morphology, chemical make-up, amorphous nature, chemical interaction, pore size, and surface area before and after loading with P. harmala. A burst release of drug from PH-MBGNs was observed within 8 h immersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). PH-MBGNs effectively prevented Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from spreading. Furthermore, PH-MBGNs developed a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF) after 21 days, which confirmed the in-vitro bioactivity of MBGNs. In conclusion, PH-MBGNs synthesized in this work are potential candidate for scaffolding or a constituent in the coatings for BTE applications.

Evaluating the effect of poly (amidoamine) treated bioactive glass nanoparticle incorporated in universal adhesive on bonding to artificially induced caries affected dentin

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate remineralisation and its effect on microtensile bond-strength of artificially induced caries affected dentin (CAD) when treated with a commercial universal adhesive modified with poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) loaded mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (A-PMBG).Material and methodsMesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG) were synthesised using sol–gel process, where PAMAM was loaded (P-MBG) and added to commercial adhesive at different weight percentages (0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%). First, rheological properties of commercial and modified adhesives were evaluated. The effect of remineralization/hardness and microtensile bond-strength (MTBs) of those samples that mimicked the rheological properties of commercial adhesives were evaluated using Vickers hardness tester and universal testing machine respectively. Scanning-Electron microscope was used to visualize failed samples of MTBs and remineralization samples. Both evaluations were carried out at 1-,3 and 6-month intervals, samples being stored in stimulated salivary fluid during each time interval.ResultsAddition of nanoparticles altered the rheological properties. With increase in the weight percentage of nanoparticles in commercial adhesive, there was significant increase in degree of conversion, viscosity and sedimentation rate (p < 0.05). The 0.2 and 0.5 wgt% groups closely mimicked the properties of commercial adhesive and were evaluated for remineralization and MTBs. After 6 months, 0.2wgt% group showed increased MTBs (p < 0.05) and 0.5wgt% group increased remineralization/hardness (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe complex of PAMAM-MBG-Universal adhesive can remineralize the demineralised CAD thereby improving its bond-strength when evaluated for up to 6-months.