Mesoeconomic Level Research Articles

Meso-economics. The Case of Personal Agrarian Exchange

Widespread is the view of the existence of three levels in the economy - macro, meso and micro. Economic theory also develops on three levels. Macroeconomics and microeconomics consist of well-grounded knowledge. Meso-economics is a relatively new subject and less developed. We try to contribute in this direction, pursuing two goals: theoretical – literature review, explanation of the economic nature of the meso-level, description of the purpose it serves and its characteristics; and practical – to demonstrate one possible research approach for studying the meso-economic level. We extend our previous research on a group of Bulgarian farmers-practitioners personal exchange instead of impersonal one. For many “personal exchange” is in the past. Not for us. Looking around one can see a growing number of cases of personal agrarian exchange. It is modern and differs from those we know from centuries ago. Prestigious restaurants show the farms where the products they use come from - names, location, features, more and more consumers shop their food only from certain producers, large retail chains present their farms-suppliers - names, photos, stories, etc. The volume of this type of exchange is still small. But its influence and potential to grow is important.

Innovative development of integrated agro-industrial formations of the meso-economic level within the framework of the institutional-evolutionary paradigm

Innovative development of integrated agro-industrial formations of the meso-economic level within the framework of the institutional-evolutionary paradigm

РЫНОК ЧАСТНЫХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УСЛУГ НА МЕЗО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ УРОВНЕ: СТРУКТУРНО-ФАКТОРНЫЙ ПОДХОД

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state, problems and trends in the development of the regional market of commercial medicine, as well as the factors influencing it. Identified and structured 11 factors that affect the capacity of the private medical services market and the potential for its development at the mesoeconomic level in regions of the Russian Federation. The most significant factors influencing the market of private medical services have been established based on the use of a correlation-regression analysis of the relationships between them. Predictive linear regression models of the key components of the private medical services market in the region (market size and average bill) are built.

Mesoeconomics as a phenomenon of transformation of social relations — reflections on the book “Russia's mesoeconomics: A strategy of run-up”. Ed. by corresponding member RAS G. B. Kleiner. Moscow: Publishing House “Scientific Library”, 2022. 808 p.

The authors analyze the main provisions of the book “Mesoeconomics of Russia: A Runaway Strategy” (Moscow, 2022, edited by G.B. Kleiner). The book, prepared by a team of well-known scientists of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and their colleagues, is the third in a series of books published under the editorship of G.B. Kleiner, and continues the reflections begun in the monographs “Mesoeconomics of the Transition Period: Markets, Industries, Enterprises” (Moscow, 2001) and “Mesoeconomics of Development” (Moscow, 2011). These books, united by a holistic plan, give a systematic vision of a special, mesoeconomic level of the modern economy in general and the Russian economy in particular. The article positively evaluates the arguments of the authors of the new book, proving the validity of the allocation of mesoeconomics – a special economic subspace lying between micro- and macroeconomic levels. The authors of “reflections” pay special attention to methodological and theoretical issues of the reviewed monograph. In particular, it is emphasized that the current level of technology development, characterized by the dominance of the 4th and 5th technological orders and the beginning of the transition to the 6th technological order, as well as the system of relations of late capitalism, suggesting the emergence of post-market and post-capitalist relations, objectively form special reproductive relations at the level of sectoral, intersectoral and regional complexes. The article highlights the significant results of the analysis by the authors of the monograph of industrial and regional complexes of Russia, in particular, such as the sphere of high technologies, the oil and gas complex, the electric power industry, the agricultural sector and others. The authors of the review, while appreciating the book, at the same time note the controversial and debatable issues of the monograph, pointing out, in particular, that when analyzing a number of issues in it, the emphasis on the mesoeconomical subspace of the economy proper is lost.

МЕЖУРОВНЕВАЯ СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТЬ МЕЗОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The sanctions pressure under which the Russian economy has found itself at the moment has shown the urgent need for consolidation and coherence. In this regard, it is essential to increase coordination and ensure intra-level and cross-level system balance of sectoral and intersectoral complexes. The mesoeconomic level is considered in the paper, on the one hand, as a driver for activating economic growth from a strategic perspective, and on the other hand, as a platform for redistributing resources between the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. Based on system economic theory, a methodology has been developed for quantitative assessment of the cross-level system balance of sectoral and intersectoral complexes of the meso- and microeconomic levels, taking into account the dynamics of object, environmental, process, and project factors. The mechanism of redistribution of system resources between levels is described in general terms, and formulas for calculating the interlevel balance index for the case of two and three levels are proposed. The developed methods can be used in strategic planning, tactical monitoring, and operational control of the industrial development of Russia.

Eco-innovations towards circular economy: evidence from case studies of collective methanization in France

ABSTRACT Facilitating the circulation of resources and knowledge in territories is a key dimension in the transition to a circular economy. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors and dynamics of development of circularity at meso-economic level through the study of the eco-innovations on which it is based. We study collective methanization projects in the South-West of France. We use a mixed method, ‘quantified narrative method’ to characterize the development process of the projects via the nature of the resources mobilized and how they have been acquired. The analysis of the 167 resources mobilized highlights technological and organizational eco-innovation dynamics that support the development of circular economy in rural areas. Our results confirm the role of three eco-innovation factors: local resources, sectoral and institutional environments, i.e. place-based and extra-local factors. They also highlight the importance and interdependence of local and regional networks of project leaders, institutional actors and market actors. The construction of circularity results in exchanges between the agricultural and energy sectors, which intensify throughout the projects, thus reinforcing the effects of related variety. However, this circularity remains incomplete and could be reinforced through public policies designed to help these projects gain a stronger foothold.

The mesoeconomics of abortion: A scoping review and analysis of the economic effects of abortion on health systems.

BackgroundDespite the high incidence of abortion around the globe, we lack synthesis of the known economic consequences of abortion care and abortion policies at the mesoeconomic level (i.e. health systems and communities). This scoping review examines the mesoeconomic costs, benefits, impacts, and values of abortion care and policies.Methods and findingsSearches were conducted in eight electronic databases. We conducted the searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. For inclusion, studies must have examined at least one of the following outcomes: costs, benefits, impacts, and value of abortion care or abortion policies. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted for descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Of the 150 included mesoeconomic studies, costs to health systems are the most frequently reported mesoeconomic outcome (n = 116), followed by impacts (n = 40), benefits (n = 17), and values (n = 11). Within health facilities and health systems, the costs of providing abortion services vary greatly, particularly given the range with which researchers identify and cost services. Financial savings can be realized while maintaining or even improving quality of abortion services. Adapting to changing laws and policies is costly for health facilities. American policies on abortion economically impact health systems and facilities both domestically and abroad. Providing post-abortion care requires a disproportionate amount of health facility resources.ConclusionsThe evidence base has consolidated around abortion costs to health systems and health facilities in high-income countries more than in low- or middle-income countries. Little is known about the economic impacts of abortion on communities or the mesoeconomics of abortion in the Middle East and North Africa. Methodologically, review papers are the most frequent study type, indicating that researchers rely on evidence from a core set of costing papers. Studies generating new primary data on mesoeconomic outcomes are needed to strengthen the evidence base.

Инициативное бюджетирование: приоритеты и проблемы на мезоэкономическом уровне

Инициативное бюджетирование: приоритеты и проблемы на мезоэкономическом уровне

The problem of structural unemployment at the present stage of labour market development in Ukraine

The article explores the theoretical and methodological basis of the problem of structural unemployment. The economic essence of the phenomenon has been identified, as well as the main reasons for its emergence in the context of globalization. The main types of structural unemployment are given: technological, territorial-industry. The relationship between the digitalization of business processes due to scientific and technological progress and the increase in the level of structural unemployment in the country has been revealed. The problem of structural unemployment in Ukraine at the present stage has been analyzed. The concept of public policy on structural unemployment has been proposed. Structural unemployment is a kind of unemployment, which arises as a result of structural changes in the economy of the country, exists under any economic system, its complete elimination is impossible. Depending on the reason for the emergence of structural unemployment is technological and geographically-sectorial unemployment. Technological unemployment is typical for highly developed countries with a high level of digitalization economy and is a consequence of automation of workplaces. Technological unemployment leads to transformations in the structure of demand for labor: withering some professions and the emergence of others. Such unemployment is a positive thing for the country's economy as a whole, so the main measures are to remove negative consequences of this unemployment for individual workers. In Ukraine, due to the relatively low rate of scientific and technological progress, the problem of technological unemployment, compared to developed countries, is less urgent. Geographically, the branch unemployment is caused by disproportions between supply and demand of manpower in certain areas or regions. In Ukraine and other countries with a transitive economy, this type of structural unemployment is more widespread. Balancing the demand and supply on the labor market at the mesoeconomic level is the main direction of the State policy on reducing the level of territorial and industry unemployment in Ukraine.

EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF MODERN REGIONAL POLICY: A MESOECONOMIC APPROACH AND THE PROSPECTS OF UKRAINE

The European experience of regional development policy is based on three basic principles: systematic, institutional, complementary. Moving away from the dichotomous position of "donor or outsider", "centralization or decentralization" to a broader platform "community-state" allows us to form a kind of theoretical starting position on the development and implementation of a set of state reforms at which a higher level of socio-economic development can be achieved. The methodological basis for studying institutional complementarity for regional development analysis may be the use of mesoeconomic analysis. It is the mesoeconomic level that can be seen as an opportunity to pass between two methodological extremes: individualism and holism. The current problems of regional development of Ukraine are caused by considerable micro- and macroeconomic constraints. The main constraints are demographic negatives, de-industrialization, high consumption of production resources, in particular, low energy efficiency, and an increased burden on debt. The most destabilizing role is played by military events in the East. The experience of combining centralization and decentralization eliminates the dichotomy and emphasizes the contradictory unity of both processes. The priority of regional policy must be to develop the scientific, technological and innovative potential of the regions. The process of dissemination of innovation must go from centralized to regional. It is important to combine state support funds with their own resources and direct them to implement regional and local development strategies, support the implementation of innovations, the development of new production, small and medium-sized businesses. An example of using a mesoeconomic approach as a theoretical compromise on centralization and decentralization is the training of higher education professionals. Reform of the emergency medical care system should also be based on the complementarity of old and new forms of organization, especially in remote areas. We consider it appropriate to use the European experience of mesoeconomic approaches to confirm the possibility of complementary development of the regions of Ukraine. Keywords: regional policy, institutional complementarity, mesoeconomics, non-uniformity, decentralization

Corporate Performance and Economic Convergence between Europe and the US: A Cluster Analysis Along Industry Lines

We investigate the extent to which the United States and the countries of Europe have achieved economic convergence of their corporate sector. We define convergence as the homogenization of economic performance, institutional arrangements, and market valuation taking place at the meso-economic level. We perform a cluster analysis along industry lines and find that industries and corporations on both continents cluster in four groups, based on six variables measuring operating performance, ownership, and market valuation. The clusters resulted from the US data are more unstable than those resulted from European data. We are also able to pair a handful of highly similar clusters between the US and European data. These findings suggest a complex dynamic. It seems that the US corporate sector is more homogeneous than the European one. Moreover, some degree of convergence between the European Union and the United States appears to have already occurred.

Institutions of regional development in the infrastructure support of the regional economy

The article examines the role of regional development institutions in the infrastructure support of the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Changes are revealed at the meso-economic level that are possible in the post-industrial development of the economy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, it was concluded that 48 percent of the total funds available from regional development institutions accounted for the five leading regions: the Republic of Tatarstan, Moscow and Moscow Regions, Lipetsk, Kaluga Regions and St. Petersburg. By the share of gross regional product (GRP), the list of regions was headed by the Kaluga and Lipetsk regions, which is explained by the large volumes of investments attracted through development institutions and the relatively small size of the regional product and the population of these regions. The authors summarize the experience of managing regional development institutions, conclude that it is necessary to increase the degree of influence on the development of the economic and social infrastructure of the regions of the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as to eliminate regional imbalances in development. The main directions in the implementation of this approach are: Creation of an organizational mechanism for the formation of management structures to coordinate socio-economic development (for example, project administrations) on the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation or several municipal entities within the framework of one constituent entity of the Federation. Development of financial mechanisms to support the activities of these inter-regional and inter-municipal administrations (hereinafter referred to as project administrations). Improving the mechanisms of interaction between state and municipal authorities, public organizations and other civil society institutions and business structures operating in the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation and / or municipalities.

Engineers as an object and subject of the development of innovative entrepreneurship at the mesoeconomic level

Engineers as an object and subject of the development of innovative entrepreneurship at the mesoeconomic level

STANDARDIZATION OF THE FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE FRAMEWORK OF IFRS AND IFRS FOR MSE

The globalization and the rapid development of multinational companies, and the globalization on the capital market, have significantly expanded investment opportunities on an international scale. In order to promote economical development on global scale, a continuous flow of reliable, relevant and financially significant information are required based on which investors will make economically justified and strategic investment decisions. On an mesoeconomic level, the flow of information is provided through an appropriate information system that provides a realistic picture of the financial position and the successful operation of the business entities, an analysis of investment through comparative advantage in terms of investing in a particularly industry cluster. The information system through which business information is received is one of the functions of the accounting system, and therefore the importance of this system and its harmonization is mandatory in all countries and globally, the pursuit is directed toward the international standardization with emphasis on small and medium-sized entities. The economic globalization have contributed to the need of creating an unified language for international communication, a unique set of international financial reporting standards with the sole purpose to strengthen the transparency for investors, and reduce the capital price. The harmonization of financial reporting provides more efficient utilization of global resources, multinational companies have easier consolidation of foreign subsidiaries, accounting personnel mobility and reduction of the auditing costs. The harmonization helps national governments to realistically establish the total revenue of entities, increased comprehensibility and usefulness of the information by all parties concerned. On macroeconomic level, the significance of the national legalization of the accounting profession with the standardization of financial reporting, increasing of the quality capacities of the reporters, the monitoring and the education would result in a reliable “unified” information that would demonstrate the real economic activity, and also under the macroeconomic methodologies and acceleration of the national economy. The data (as accounting values) in the financial statement represent a basis for creating fiscal, monetary and global solutions, as well as for creating of macroeconomic policy of the state in relation to the condition of the economy, through the prism of the benefit to the business sector and the development of economy.

Market conditions at the meso-economic level in the Mari El Republic: The effects of micro-level factors

Market conditions at the meso-economic level in the Mari El Republic: The effects of micro-level factors

Specifics of regulatory barriers to the market environment at the mesoeconomic level: Evidence from the Mari El Republic

Specifics of regulatory barriers to the market environment at the mesoeconomic level: Evidence from the Mari El Republic

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ ЗНАНИЙ В РОССИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КЕМЕРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

<p>Economic development in its territorial aspect is uneven, which increases in time due to the path depend-ence effect. At the same time, development level of territories is sensitive to macroeconomic and global factors, including the genesis of so-called “knowledge-based economy”. The article contains an analysis of Russian’s knowledge-based economy at the mesoeconomic (regional) level in 2005 – 2015 in the Kemerovo region. The au-thor evaluates the key parameters of Russian Federation subjects’ development, including regional systems of innovation and education, ICT-infrastructure and environmental conditions of life. The study has proved that the back-ground of the knowledge-based economy in Russia (ICTs and ecological and health-saving infrastructures) displays a tendency toward convergence, whereas the core of knowledge-based economy (educational and innovation sys-tems) is characterized by a divergent trend. The differentiation of educational systems in Russian regions increased within the 10-year period, which means that the options for peripheral regions to shift to the knowledge-intensive development are steadily declining. The gap between leaders and outsiders (a vast majority of regions) of regional innovation system’s development is maximal. The author concludes that the conservation of liberal-orientated meso-economic policy in Russia will contribute to the shaping of an asymmetrical model of the knowledge-based economy.</p>

СЕРЕДНЬОГАЛУЗЕВІ ПОРІВНЯННЯ В АНАЛІЗУВАННІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕСУРСІВ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The key issue of this article is focused around industry-average comparisons, which allow choosing the right benchmarks about the current situation and development prospects of an enterprise in a certain field of activity. There is studied a case that takes into account the specifics of the domestic agricultural enterprise. Among the basic invariants of the limitations of the proposed methodology, the choice of both certain groups of resources and key indicators that will characterize them is considered. If it is necessary to combine group and individual indicators, different significances of these objects can be introduced into the resulting integral assessment, depending on the methodology used. The basis of comparison is also variable, which may be limited both by the needs of the user of the assessment and by the availability of data in the relevant statistical sources. The ways of combining indicators in the integral assessment are indicated. The estimated average industry data can be taken at the macroeconomic level (the level of the country's economy as a whole) and at the meso-economic level of varying degrees of detail: industry (depending on the selected level of gradation according to classification of types of economic activities (CTEA) or depending on the combination of activities that most closely correspond to the set of business areas in diversified operation of the assessed business entity), as well as territorial (group of regions, region, district, locality). For an agricultural company in this publication, such groups of resources as material, labor and financial are taken into consideration. Special attention is paid to the condition and use of fixed assets. The methodology was tested using data from a real domestic enterprise (“Agro-Optima” LLC), the level of its resources provision and their use in business processes was assessed. The basis for comparison is all-Ukrainian data on the activities of agriculture and their related services under Section 01 at CTEA-2010. All sectoral data are presented in a tabular form with the inclusion of input (statistical) and resulting single and group indicators depending on the estimated resources.

Desenvolvimento regional e cooperação entre empresas - instituições: o caso dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais de Tecnologia da Informação do Paraná

Este trabalho avalia as aglomerações produtivas de Tecnologia da Informação das Regiões Metropolitanas de Curitiba, Londrina e Maringá, seguindo as especificidades do SNI - Sistema Nacional de Inovação - em sua abordagem em nível mesoeconômico. Analisam-se as relações de cooperação entre as firmas, com organizações e instituições e, conjuntamente, a compradores-fornecedores e a formação de suas competências técnicas por meio das relações com entidades e associações de apoio e coordenação. Conclui-se que essas relações tendem a gerar externalidades positivas entre firmas-regiões (economias externas), tanto incidentais (inconscientemente) quanto planejadas (buscadas pelas empresas), as quais ocorrem por força da proximidade geográfica ou de suas especializações setoriais.

Development of methodological approach to the evaluation of mesoeconomic intellectual capital functioning

Intellectual capital at the present stage has become the leading factor in the economy. Therefore, the value of managing this kind of capital is increased, which is possible only on the basis of evaluation system that theoretically based and suitable for practical use. However, despite the huge number of publications, the presence of institutional and theoretical premises still has not developed a unified methodological approach to the evaluation of both the intellectual capital and its functioning. The concept of its diagnosis just formed. Methodical maintenance requires its improvement in relation to the mesoeconomic level. In this study, under the intellectual capital is understood a system of interrelated competency, structural and customer capital. The concept of intellectual capital functioning is defined as a form of existence in the course of the circulation when performing both their functions – distribution, cost, capital formation, providing, investment, etc., and performing system-wide (external) economic functions of the system in which it is reproduced. The study was developed a methodical approach to the evaluation of mesoeconomic intellectual capital functioning. The system of indicators and tools is justified for evaluation of intellectual capital functioning of its circulation in stages: formation and use. The system of indicators is a multi-level and includes a summary measure of the intellectual capital of the region, integrated performance of its components – competency, consumer and structural capital and private indicators for each component. In addition, when evaluation of intellectual capital functioning, the dichotomy of «intellectual capital – regional economic system» is taken into account by determining the influence of both external factors on the formation of intellectual capital and the impact of the efficiency of the use of intellectual capital on the results of mesoeconomic system. Applied scientific scenario for evaluation of intellectual capital functioning was also developed.