Meridian Structures Research Articles

აჭარა-გურიის გეოლოგიური აგებულება მიღებული მაღლივი-კოსმოსური მასალების დეშიფრირებით

The geological structure of the Adjara-Guria region is defined by the fault zones of the orthgonal-diagonal system, which are the constituent parts (segments) of the transregional lineaments, and are well interpreted on high-space images.The block structure of the regionis determined by fault zones. Nine tectonic blocks of different configurations and geological structures are separated. There are deciphered 11 and 12 km wide tectonic zones with meridian direction, compiled,replaced by a large number of faults and related dykes. The gold occurencesin the region are associated with meridian structures, that’s why the identified tectonic zones are promising spaces for gold.

Quantitative Assessment of the Body's Defense Mechanisms by the Energy Imbalance of Meridian Structures

The purpose of research is to improve the quality of predicting and diagnosing diseases caused by the action of heterogeneous risk factors by using the estimated characteristics of the body's protection level, determined by the energy characteristics of biologically active points that form the basis of the corresponding meridian structures.Methods. Explores the issues of using indicators characterizing the energy characteristics of meridian structures for a quantitative assessment of the level of protection of the body from the effects of many diverse environmental factors. Since the indicators under study have a pronounced fuzzy nature, the methodology for synthesizing hybrid fuzzy decision rules was chosen as the basic mathematical apparatus.Results. The paper shows that for a quantitative assessment of the level of protection of the body at its various levels (organism, system, organ), it is advisable to use the imbalance of the electrical resistance of the corresponding biologically active points from their nominal values, determined under normal conditions and after a dosed load, as the energy characteristics of the meridian structures. A method for assessing the level of protection by the energy imbalance of the meridian structures of the body is proposed, which differs in that the energy imbalance of the meridian structures for the selected level of research in combination with the load energy imbalance is used as the basic variable functions of the protection level (PLF), which allows assessing the level of protection of the body as a whole, as well as its systems and organs with an accuracy acceptable for medical practice. The ways of embedding FUS in predictive and diagnostic decision rules are shown.Conclusion. In the course of the studies, it was shown that in order to improve the quality indicators of forecasting and diagnosing socially significant and occupational diseases, it is advisable to use indicators of the level of body protection determined by the energy imbalance of meridian structures. It is shown that the quality of decision-making with the use of FLS increases by 10–20% depending on the type of tasks being solved and the completeness of the collected data compared to traditionally obtained models.

Application of Biophysical Properties of Meridians in the Visualization of Pericardium Meridian.

The biophysical properties of the meridian system, an important concept of traditional Chinese medicine, include low impedance, resounding voice, and high acoustic conductance, all of which are helpful for elucidating the essence of meridians. To visualize the human pericardium meridian (PC) based on the resounding voice property of meridians. Visualization of the PC was performed by injection of fluorescein sodium at the PC6 acupoint (Neiguan) on the PC. Before injection, percussion active points (PAPs) were identified by the virtue of their resounding voice properties. After injection, the trajectories of fluorescein migration throughout the body surface were recorded and analyzed. The distribution of fluorescein in the tissue was further studied using cross-sections of hind limbs of mini-pigs, in which fluorescein was injected into low impedance points. The identified PAP lines were colocalized with PC. Following intradermal fluorescein injection, 1-3 fluorescent lines, which were unrelated to the arm veins, were observed in 7 of 10 participants; 85.4% of fluorescent signals were coincident with PAPs and their intensity had a negative correlation with the body mass index (r = -0.56, p = 0.045). Cross-sections showed a Y-shaped fluorescence pattern where the two migration lines on the surface were the two vertices of the "Y." The trajectories of fluorescein in the body are suggestive of the anatomical structure of meridians. The PC is related to the deep horizontal interstitial channels that connect to the body surface through vertical interstitial spaces. These biophysical properties and techniques for meridian visualization are valuable for revealing the anatomical structure of meridians.

Dynamics of the Magnetotail Plasma Sheet Current

Magnetospheric plasma can be investigated as a continuum by adopting magnetic field B and plasma flow u as primary parameters in the Bu paradigm or as a collection of individual particles by adopting electric field E and electrical current j as primary parameters in the Ej paradigm. It is pointed out that each paradigm has its merits and limitations. This viewpoint is illustrated further by examining several topics in magnetospheric research. The magnetic flux transport in substorm dipolarization is examined with the Ej paradigm to show why the Bu paradigm may be inappropriate in some cases due to the violation of the frozen-in condition for the validity of the Bu paradigm. There is no guarantee that large-scale plasma dynamics can always be treated accurately by the Bu paradigm. The disturbance revealed in the current disruption (CD) phenomenon has unique characteristics that can be more readily understood with the Ej paradigm. In a case study, the power dissipation in CD is evaluated to about an order of magnitude higher than that in the electron diffusion region associated with magnetic reconnection (MR). Two prominent plasma instabilities, namely tearing instability (TI) and cross-field current instability (CCI), are discussed and their relevance to substorm onset is evaluated. The mating instability developed conceptually is also briefly discussed. The development of azimuthal auroral beads (ABs) on auroral arcs formed prior to substorm onset is analyzed to show that CCI can predict well their wavelength, growth rate, and period simultaneously. In contrast, the observed azimuthal structures in ABs are inconsistent with TI that produces only meridian structures in the ionosphere. Overall, the physical insights gained in the Ej paradigm are helpful in achieving a deep understanding of several magnetospheric phenomena.

Discovery of Meridian Entities and the Third Regulatory Framework

Human diseases are the result of neuromodulation and humoral regulation disorders. However, the Chinese people have carried out acupuncture experiments on the body for thousands of years, and their curative effects have convinced them that the meridians and acupoint structure based on acupuncture and moxibustion is not a simple mechanism of nerve conduction and humoral regulation. This study adopts Xu's pulse diagnosis Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance technology. According to Lingshu · the pulse on the skin surface of the whole body was perceived. Pulse diagnosis found that there were longitudinal and transverse pulsating thin lines on the body surface. Then through the meridian pen to test the vertical and horizontal conduction path, acupuncture to verify the clinical effect, and local anatomy to confirm the existence of meridian and acupoint entities in the human body. Finally, it is determined that there are 31 pairs of transverse meridians and 13 pairs of longitudinal meridians in human epidermis and dermis. It is highly consistent with the meridian path of the twelve meridians, the odd meridians and the eight meridians of traditional Chinese medicine, and the position of acupoints is also highly consistent. According to the new development of skin anatomy, this paper expounds the physiological and pathological regulation mechanism of meridian structure, and determines that there is an artificial external regulation system based on vertical and horizontal meridian structure in human body.

Monitoring of the Dynamics of the Development of Ischemic Processes in the Heart Using the Energy Imbalance of the Meridian Structures of the Body

A method and a technical means are proposed for monitoring the dynamics of the development of ischemic processes in the heart based on the energy imbalance of biologically active points on the cardiac meridian.

Gravitation Dynamics for (Paleo) Climate and Its Dynamic Environment

Climate dynamics is meeting the barrier of complicated nonlinearity and limitation in methods and interdisciplinary development. Attempting to break through the barrier by working on this project for over 20 years, without a funding but with publication difficulties, I established gravitation dynamics that nonlinearly and cumulatively drives geophysical fluids to produce the observed climatepaleoclimate variations and meridian structure of circulations, adjust El Niño-La Niña cycles, and initiate and maintain planetary rotations without which the Earth would be different and Earth’s climate would be chaotic. Gravitation dynamics may explain more climatic and astronomical phenomena such as the broad spectrum, asymmetry and stability of climate, two-wave zonal structure, El Niño significance within different oceans, Earth’s heat maintenance, rotational difference of solar planets and Earth’s Moon that should have no rich fluid, and more. Applications of gravitation dynamics are expected to improve climate prediction and the study of climate and its dynamic environment that includes the atmosphere, physical oceans, magma, and orbital drivers.

A biotech measurement scheme and software application for the level determination of a person's functional reserve-based fuzzy logic rules

The level of a person's functional reserve is determined by number of different indicators such as power imbalance of meridian structures, psycho-emotional tension, intellectual and physical exhaustion, parameters of pulse and arterial pressure at the impact of the dosed intellectual and physical activities on the base of heterogeneous fuzzy models usage. The functional reserve helps to diagnosis a lot of diseases. The theoretical results obtained in the form of fuzzy models are recommended in medical practice with cofficient of confidence at least 95%.

Application of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope to Morphologic Research of Acupuncture and Moxibustion

Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) has been used in the field of morphological research of acupuncture and moxibustion for more than 20 years. It is one of the important tools for revealing the structure of acupoints and the effect of acupuncture from histological perspective. With the help of technical advantages of LSCM, the quality of morphological research of acupuncture and moxibustion has been greatly improved, helping us gain a deeper understanding about the structure of acupoints and meridians as well as histochemical changes induced by acupuncture/moxibustion intervention. In order to promote the application of LSCM in acupuncture and moxibustion, we simply reviewed some recent studies in this field and combined them with our experience, trying to provide some technical suggestions. We expect that the technique of LSCM could be integrated into more experiments in acupuncture medicine to provide more powerful morphological evidence for exploring the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibution therapies.

A Multichannel Analyzer of Meridian Structures of the Human Body Based on AFE Interfaces

The paper considers technical implementation of the devices for examining the energy state of the body’s meridian structures based on analog front-end (AFE) interfaces used for measuring the impedance of biological objects. The application of AFE chips improves the accuracy of measurements, while reducing the cost of the devices for reflex diagnostics.

Numerical software algorithms for monitoring control processes and correcting health by synthesis of hybrid fuzzy rules of decision-making on the basis of changes in energetic characteristics of biologically active points

In contemporary medical practice, there is a growing interest in traditional oriental methods of reflexodiagnostics and reflexotherapy based upon teaching about the meridian energy balance of the body. In the present paper, new mathematical models are offered, which reflect the interaction between internal organs and biologically active points (BAPs) of meridian structures and make it possible to specify and analyse a wide range of diseases. Numerical software methods and algorithms are described for selecting BAPs and correcting health condition by acupuncture methods. The results show the best quality of decision-making is provided if the synthesis of fuzzy decision rules is carried out according to exploratory analysis intended for studying various features of data. The paper contains information about the way the prediction problem can be solved and how it is possible to deal with the need for early diagnosis of stomach diseases using the suggested software method and algorithms. Checking on testing sets with 100 persons for each class formed by highly-qualified experts showed that the diagnostic effectiveness of the solution exceeds 0.85. Such a result permits us to recommend the decision rules we have developed for practical application.

Bioengineering System for Prediction and Early Prenosological Diagnostics of Stomach Diseases based on Energy Characteristics of Bioactive Points with Fuzzy Logic

We apply mathematical models for the interaction of the internal and biologically active points of meridian structures. Amongst the diseases for which reflex diagnostics are effective are those of the stomach disease. It is shown that use of fuzzy logic decision-making yields good results for the prediction and early diagnosis of stomach diseases, depending on the reaction energy of biologically active points (acupuncture points). It is shown that good results for the prediction and early diagnosis of diseases from the reaction energy of biologically active points (acupuncture points) are obtained by using fuzzy logic decision-making. Analysis of resistances lower and higher than the nominal values allowed us to specify the prognostic and diagnostic models.

Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Diseases Based on Evaluation of Functional Resources of the Human Body Using Heterogeneous Fuzzy Models

Problems of prediction and early diagnosis of diseases based on evaluation of functional resources of human body (energy imbalance of meridian structures, psychoemotional stress, mental and physical fatigue, pulsation and arterial pressure parameters under exercise load) using heterogeneous fuzzy models are discussed.

Application of fuzzy analysis with the energy condition of bioactive points to the prediction and diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract diseases

For many diseases, new methods and models for their prediction, diagnosis and analysis are sought. We apply mathematical models for the interaction of the internal and biologically active points of meridian structures and can thereby specify diseases for which reflex diagnostics and reflex therapy methods are the most effective; amongst these are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of fuzzy logic decision-making yields good results for the prediction and early diagnosis of such diseases, depending on the reaction energy of biologically active points (acupuncture points).

Biotechnical measurement and software system for the prediction and diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the lumbar region with the use of fuzzy logic rules

We propose a biotech measurement scheme and software based on new features for the diagnosis of backbone osteochondrosis. Together with the traditional methods of diagnosis, the energy characteristics of biologically active points (acupuncture points, or APs) are used. This new software is based on mathematical models of the internal and biologically active points of meridian structures' interaction. The information from the APs is used in the solving rules based on fuzzy logic for decision-making, together with the factors of confidence of Shortliffe, the membership functions of Zadeh, and Kullback's informativeness measures. In terms of prognostic decision rules, clinical test shows that the quality of prediction using only the energy characteristics of APs is high, with high coefficient of confidence for the control sample as well. A check on control samples allows us to recommend the obtained results for use in medical practice as a part of corresponding systems of support for decision-making.

Prediction of gastric ulcers based on the change in electrical resistance of acupuncture points using fuzzy logic decision-making

Many theories of reflexology use ancient concepts which do not coincide with the modern medical terminology of anatomy, physiology and biophysics. This substantially reduces the trust of physicians in reflexology methods. During this research, several mathematical models for the interaction of the internal and biological active points of meridian structures have been proposed. The analysis of these models allows the specification of a list of gastric diseases for which reflex diagnostics and reflex therapy methods are most effective and also allows increasing the effectiveness of these procedures. It is shown that good results for the prediction and early diagnosis of diseases from the reaction energy of biologically active points (acupuncture points) are obtained using fuzzy logic decision making.

Prediction and prenosological diagnostics of heart diseases based on energy characteristics of acupuncture points and fuzzy logic

Many theories of reflexology use ancient concepts which do not coincide with the modern medical terminology of anatomy, physiology and biophysics. This substantially reduces the trust of physicians in reflexology methods. During this research, several mathematical models for the interaction of the internal and biological active points of meridian structures have been proposed. The analysis of these models allows the specification of a list of heart diseases for which reflex diagnostics and reflex therapy methods are most effective and also allows increasing the effectiveness of these procedures. It is shown that good results for the prediction and early diagnosis of diseases from the reaction energy of biologically active points (acupuncture points) are obtained using fuzzy logic decision making.

High Capacity Optical Channels for Bioinformation Transfer: Acupuncture Meridians

Mammalian bodies are hierarchical systems whose internal cooperation and coherent activity require high capacity information transfer between the central control unit – the brain – and the periphery – the organs. A communication system capable of meeting information capacity requirements should be based on transmission of electromagnetic signals. Structures that fulfill requirements for such information transfer have not yet been analyzed. Acupuncture meridians have been demonstrated experimentally in some animals. They might represent systems of information transfer between the brain and the peripheral organs. The ducts of the meridians may correspond to optical fibers operating from the far infrared to the visible wavelength region. The main features of a model of the duct as an optical fiber are delineated and its properties outlined. However, to analyze essentials of the transmission capabilities, the whole meridian structure should be mapped and a more comprehensive set of physical parameters measured. In particular, experimental data concerning morphological arrangements of ordered water in the ducts and corpuscles, and a complete content of the biological particles in the flowing water and its permittivity are missing.

Primo Vascular System of Murine Melanoma and Heterogeneity of Tissue Oxygenation of the Melanoma

Murine melanoma requires the complex development of lymphatic, vascular, and non-vascular structures. A possible relationship between the primo vascular system (PVS) and the melanoma metastasis has been proposed. In particular, the PVS may be involved in oxygen transport. Vasculogenic-like networks, similar to the PVS, have been found within melanoma tumors, but their functional relationship with the PVS and meridian structures are unclear. Herein, we report on the use of an electrochemical O 2 sensor to study oxygenation levels of melanoma tumors in mice. We consistently found higher tissue oxygenation in specific sites of tumors ( n = 5). These sites were strongly associated with vascular structures or the PVS. Furthermore, the PVS on the tumor surface was associated with adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that the PVS is involved in the regulation of metastasis.

Synthesis of Fuzzy Logic for Prediction and Medical Diagnostics by Energy Characteristics of Acupuncture Points

A great number of reflexologies use ancient concepts that do not coincide with modern medical terminology of anatomy, physiology, and biophysics, substantially reducing the trust of today’s physicians in this direction of their profession. Recently, several mathematical models of internal and biological active points of meridian structures interaction have been proposed. These models allowed specification of diseases for which reflex diagnostics and reflex therapy methods are most effective and also increased the efficacy of these procedures. Good results for the prediction and early diagnosis of diseases from the reaction energy of biologically active points (acupuncture points) are obtained using fuzzy logic decision making.