Mercuric Acetate Research Articles

Oxidative Degradation of Paracetamol by N-Bromo Succinimide in Presence of Mercuric Acetate–A Computational Screening and Mechanistic Pathway

Oxidative Degradation of Paracetamol by N-Bromo Succinimide in Presence of Mercuric Acetate–A Computational Screening and Mechanistic Pathway

CHITOSAN-SUPPORTED MERCURY(II) ACETATE AS A CATALYST FOR TRANSVINYLATION REACTIONS OF AZOLES

The application of homogeneous catalysts - transition metal complexes - on organic polymers is of a great interest among researchers. Heterogeneous catalysts often have a long life span and are easy to separate from the reactants and reaction products, and they can also be reused. A homogeneous catalyst on a heterogeneous support acts as if it were in solution, but simultaneously it is a separate stationary phase. In this study we tried to use chitosan as a carrier for metal ions (particularly mercury(II), knowing in advance that chitosan is a good ligand for transition metals). Interest in chitosan is associated with their unique physiological and environmental properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and chelating ability. Here, an efficient and easy method of vinylation of azoles in the presence of chitosan-supported mercury(II) acetate heterogenous catalytic system is reported. As a result, several products were synthesized in high yields. The developed procedure is easy to perform, requires less amount of catalyst, shortens reaction time, excludes the formation of side products, and provides higher selective yields of vinylated products, reduces water contamination with mercury salts. Furthermore, it is possible to recover the catalyst from the reaction mixture and recycle this catalytic system more than four times.

Influence of Etomersol Fumarate on Cognitive Functions of Rats During Mercury Acetate Poisoning

Research into the consequences of human exposure to heavy metals acquires particular significance in the context of life and working age prolongation. Such consequences can be manifested either in the form of selective damage to any organ, organ system or function, or in the form of a general violation of the functions of a number of systems and organs and the organism as a whole, in the form of “disintegration of functions”. In this work, we set out to study the neuroprotective effect of etomerzol fumarate after a subchronic low-dose administration of mercury acetate to Wistar rats. After an intragastric administration of an aqueous solution of mercury acetate at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 30 days, a violation of the learning process was identified in an active avoidance by swimming test. The use of the test substance at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg for 14 days had a positive effect on the long-term memory of animals, contributing to the preservation and reproduction of mercury information received.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASE SYMPTOMS EXPERIENCED BY COMMUNITIES AROUND MINE SITES AND GEOTHERMAL MANIFESTATION AREAS IN DRIEN MANGKO VILLAGE, WOYLA DISTRICT, ACEH BARAT DISTRICT

According to WHO, mercury is a metallic element that occurs naturally and is classified into 3 main groups, namely liquid and gas, inorganic mercury such as mercury chloride, mercury acetate, mercury sulfide, and organic mercury. The research was conducted in November involving 32 respondents from gold mining communities and the research location was in Drien Mangko Village, Woyla District, West Aceh Regency. Samples were taken from communities around gold mining in the gold mining area and around the mine. Sample measurement by providing a prepared questionnaire. The results of the research showed that the acute clinical symptoms of the community were that the majority of respondents experienced symptoms of headache and swelling of the salivary glands (18 respondents), vomiting (14 respondents), chest tightness and bloody urine (12 respondents), numbness in the mouth (10 respondents), loose teeth. easy to fall out (9 respondents), difficulty breathing (8 respondents), pelvic pain (6 respondents), nausea (5 respondents), loss of sense of smell (2 respondents) and dark gums (1 respondent). Meanwhile, chronic toxicity symptoms recorded include somatosensory disorders in gold processing workers. The majority of workers experience hearing loss (18 respondents), irritability (5 respondents), and headaches (3 respondents).

AirQuality Lab-on-a-Drone: A Low-Cost 3D-Printed Analytical IoT Platform for Vertical Monitoring of Gaseous H2S.

The measurement of gaseous compounds in the atmosphere is a multichallenging task due to their low concentration range, long and latitudinal concentration variations, and the presence of sample interferents. Herein, we present a quadcopter drone deployed with a fully integrated 3D-printed analytical laboratory for H2S monitoring. Also, the analytical system makes part of the Internet of Things approach. The analytical method applied was based on the reaction between fluorescein mercuric acetate and H2S that led to fluorescence quenching. A 5 V micropump at a constant airflow of 50 mL min-1 was employed to deliver constant air into a flask containing 800 μL of the reagent. The analytical signal was obtained using a light-emitting diode and a miniaturized digital light detector. The method enabled the detection of H2S in the range from 15 to 200 ppbv, with a reproducibility of 5% for a sampling time of 10 min and an limit of detection of 9 ppbv. All devices were controlled using an Arduino powered by a small power bank, and the results were transmitted to a smartphone via Bluetooth. The proposed device resulted in a weight of 300 g and an overall cost of ∼50 USD. The platform was used to monitor the concentration of H2S in different intervals next to a wastewater treatment plant at ground and vertical levels. The ability to perform all analytical steps in the same device, the low-energy requirements, the low weight, and the attachment of data transmission modules offer new possibilities for drone-based analytical systems for air pollution monitoring.

Synthesis, spectroscopic and hydrogen storage studies of mono or bimercury(II) mixed ligand complexes of amines with 2-cyanoamino thiophenolate ligand

Organic heterocyclic compounds play a significant role in coordination chemistry due to their ability to act as donor atoms for coordinating with various metal or metal ions. In this study, particular attention was given to the conversion of the 2-aminobenzothiazole ligand into 2-cyanoaminothiophenolate (LH) through a ring-breaking reaction. This transformation was achieved by reacting 2-aminobenzothiazole with phenyl mercury(II) acetate in the presence of sodium hydroxide, resulting in the formation of the complex [pHHg(LH)]n. During this process, mono-deprotonation of 2-aminobenzothiazole occurred, accompanied by facial carbon-sulfur bond breaking. This complex was used as a synthon to prepare four new mononuclear and binuclear complexes, which were [pHHg(LH)(apmy)2] (apmy= 2-aminopyrimidine) and [PhHg(LH)(bipy)] and [pHHg(LH)(μ-Cl)2Hg(bipy)] and [pHHg(LH)(μ-Cl)2Hg(phen)]. The prepared complexes were characterized using melting point, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The results showed that the 2-cyanoamino thiophenolate ligand exhibited a monodentate behavior across the thiol sulfur atom, while the nitrile group remained free. The complex [pHHg(LH)(μ-Cl)2Hg(phen)] was used to study its ability to store hydrogen at different temperatures in order to study the thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy and entropy). The study proved that the highest stored value was 1.92 wt.% H2. It was noted that this ratio can be stored at lower pressures as the temperature decreases, proving that the storage is of a physical type with the value of R2= 0.92602 for the Van't Hof plot. The enthalpy value was 0.1131118 (kJ/(mol H2) while the entropy value was 0.60649754 (J/mol H2. K).

MERCURSOLVOADDUCTS FROM 1-METHYL-2-(2-NITROPHENYL) CYCLOPROPANE AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS IN FLUOROSULFONIC ACID

The conjugated addition reaction of mercury (II) acetate in formic acid from the corresponding 1-methyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanes was used to obtain 1-formyloxy-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-methyl-3-chloromercurpropanes and their transformations into fluorosulfonic acid. The interaction of these adducts with FSO3H at a kinetically controlled stage gives predominantly fluorosulfonates of chloromercuric substituted N-oxo-benz[2,1]isoxazolinium ions. As these ions are kept in FSO3H at 20 °C, their protodemercuration occurs, accompanied by the formation of fluorosulfonates of nonmetallated cyclic ions. The complete conversion of fluorosulfonates of metalated ions into non-metallated ions occurs within 84 h from the moment of dissolution of the mercuric solvent adducts in fluorosulfonic acid. In the process of studying the possibilities of synthetic use of 3-chloromercuric-substituted ortho-nitrosoacylbenzenes, it was found that these compounds can easily transform into a previously unknown class of compounds - 3-vinylbenz[c]isoxazoles, which turned out to be very promising synthons. For example, they were used in the synthesis of such hard-to-reach heterocyclic compounds as 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one dimers, in which benzodiazepinone rings are linked through C5 atoms, and the linker is a cyclobutane ring. Taking into account the fact that the transformation of mercursol water adducts into the corresponding 3-chloromercuric substituted ortho-nitrosoacylbenzenes must proceed through cyclic ions of the benzo[2,1]isoxazolinium type, certain efforts were made to obtain evidence for their formation from 1-methyl-2-mercursol water adducts of (2-nitrophenyl)cyclopropane and 1-methyl-2-(4-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)-cyclopropane in fluorosulfonic acid. Therefore, obtaining new data on the possibilities of the formation of metalated cyclic ions from mercursolvo adducts and on their stability in solutions of strong acids, on the possibilities of isomeric transformations of these ions, as well as their transformation into non-metalated analogs due to protodemercuration, is important both from a practical and theoretical point of view. For citation: Bandaev S.G., Gulov T.Y., Murodov D.S., Kabirov D.N. Mercursolvoadducts from 1-methyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl) cyclopropane and their transformations in fluorosulfonic acid. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2023. V. 66. N 6. P. 13-22. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20236606.6761.

Synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrical Selenoethers: Facile cleavage of the Se-C bond

Installation of in situ generated arylselenide (ArSe-) on 2‑methyl napthalene afforded the following selenoethers: 2-C10H7CH2Se(C6H5), 2-C10H7CH2Se(p-CH3C6H5), 2-C10H7CH2Se(1-C10H7) and 2-C10H7CH2Se(2,4,6-Me3C6H2), as yellow crystalline solids. These molecules can be prepared by the treatment of in situ generated arylselenide with 2-C10H7CH2Br in ethanol solvent at 0 °C in excellent yield. These molecules are characterized by 1H, 13C, 77Se NMR and elemental analysis. Among these, 2-C10H7CH2Se(C6H5) and 2-C10H7CH2Se(2,4,6-Me3C6H2) are also characterized by single-crystal X-ray studies. Phenyl mercury acetate was isolated in good yield through the treatment of 2-C10H7CH2Se(C6H5) with mercuric acetate. In this reaction cleavage of the C(aryl)–Se bond takes place. Similarly, 2-C10H7CH2Se(C6H5) and 2-C10H7CH2Se(p-CH3C6H5) also exhibited cleavage of the C(aryl)–Se bond with HgCl2 and afforded [2-C10H7CH2Se(C6H5)(C6H5HgCl)] and [2-C10H7CH2Se(p-MeC6H4)(p-MeC6H4HgCl)] complexes in good yield respectively. A organopalladium(II) complex, [3-C10H6PdCl(2-CH2SeC6H5)]2, was also developed through the reaction of 2-C10H7CH2Se(C6H5) with Na2PdCl4.

Ru(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Menthol by Bromate in Presence of Mercuric Acetate in Aqueous Acidic Medium: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Pathway

Ru(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Menthol by Bromate in Presence of Mercuric Acetate in Aqueous Acidic Medium: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Pathway

Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Study of a New Organotellurium Ligands Containing Amino Group

The aim of the current study is to prepare organomercury and organotellurium compounds containing amino groups such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine and their derivatives by a mercuriation reaction. The research includes the preparation of a new organotellurium compound based on [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine. C12H10NHgCl (A) was obtained by mercuriation reaction to [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine by mercuric acetate and lithium chloride. C12H10Br3NTe (B), C24H20N2Br2Te (C), C24H20N2Te (D), and C24H20N2Te2 (E) were prepared by different reactions to get the corresponding compounds. All the prepared ligands were characterized by using infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. DFT has been obtained by the basis set 3-21G to investigate the molecular structure of the new prepared organotellurium compounds. HOMO and LUMO surfaces, geometrical structure, and energy gap have been obtained throughout the geometry optimization. Finally, the electron affinity, electronegativity, electrophilicity, ionization potential, and lower case of organotellurium compounds have been calculated and discussed. The result of the chemical analysis showed that it agreed with the proposed chemical structures, and a theoretical study using DFT has concluded that more stability of the prepared organotellurium compounds.

Aspects of thermodynamic parameters with a kinetic approach of transition metal catalysed by potassium bromate oxidation of methyl diethylene glycol (MDG) in alkaline medium

The kinetic data obtained in ruthenium(VI) catalysed oxidation of methyldiethylene glycol (MDG) in alkaline medium using potassium bromate as oxidant and transition metal ruthenium tetroxide as a homogenous catalyst. In this kinetic reaction, Hg(OAc)2 acts as a liberated bromide ion scavenger. The result shows first order with respect to KBrO3, methyldiethylene glycol (MDG) and transition metal respectively. It shows zero order dependences of the reaction on aqueous sodium hydroxide, which is used as medium of the reaction and also zero effect of mercuric acetate. In this catalysed reaction, ionic strength has positive effect. The corresponding acid was found to be main oxidation product. A plausible reaction mechanism in agreement with kinetic results was put forward.

Antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in rat erythrocytes under low-dose exposure to mercury acetate

BACKGROUND: Low-dose exposure of mercury compounds to the human body for a long time leads to the accumulation of a toxicant in tissues, causing damage to health. Mercury can be delivered to a developing fetus through the placenta or to an infant through breast milk. Erythrocytes are the preferred cell for mercury accumulation, reaching a concentration 20 times higher than the concentration in blood plasma. Erythrocytes have powerful antioxidant protection. The antioxidant protection system of the cell plays an important role in maintaining of homeostasis in the cell. Despite of the apparent vastness of researches of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation, changes after subacute poisoning with heavy metals have not been sufficiently studied.
 AIM: Study changes in biochemical parameters in Wistar rats erythrocytes with subacute poisoning with mercury acetate.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 days and 44 days after the administration of mercury acetate at a dose of 4 mg/kg in the hemolysate of red blood cells of rats, the indicators of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation were determined.
 RESULTS: The administration of mercury acetate for 30 days significantly increased the activity of SOD, GP and reduced the activity of GT. An increase of DC concentration was noted. 14 days after the end of the injection of the toxicant, the imbalance of the AOS enzyme link persists. An increase of DC and MDA concentrations was revealed.
 CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained demonstrate a violation of the antioxidant balance in erythrocytes after a 30-day administration of mercury acetate. 14 days after the end of the injection of the toxicant, changes in the enzyme link of AOS persist. Intensification of the processes of lipoperoxidation of erythrocyte membranes has been established. In the delayed period after poisoning, there is a tendency to disturbance the balance of AOS of erythrocytes, the intensity of LPO processes increases.

Synthesis of solid mercury targets for nuclear astrophysics experiments

This paper describes several simple and cost-effective ways of making homogeneously thin solid mercury targets useful for nuclear astrophysics experiments at standard ambient temperature and pressure and in vacuum. The methods described here make use of mercury compounds such as mercury(II) acetate, mercury(II) oxide (yellow), mercury(II) chloride, mercury (II) nitrate monohydrate, and mercury(II) sulfide (red). Various methods like drop-casting, wet chemistry, electro-chemical deposition, amalgamation, and pelletization are described. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are described.

The protective effect of nano calcium produced from freshwater clam shells on the histopathological overview of the liver and kidneys of mice exposed to mercury toxins

Background and aimFreshwater clam shells nanoparticles powder is one of the uses of freshwater clams that can manufacture instant granular mineral supplements. This product can be used as a supplement to detoxify heavy metal toxins, such as Mercury. Mercury is an element that is detectable in all environmental media. Adults and children receive the most Mercury from food, air, and water intake. The majority of Mercury in the environment comes from the waste from mining activities and the metal industry. Mercury was found widely in the biosphere and is known as a dangerous hepatotoxicant. This study aimed to describe the hepatoprotective role of nano minerals (Ca, Mg, and Zn) produced from freshwater clam shells against mercury acetate poisoning in mice. Material and methodsThe mice were divided randomly into a control group (aqua bidest and mercury acetate) and an experimental group for this purpose. The experimental mice group was given orally nano Ca supplementation in three dose groups (9 mg, 18 mg, and 27 mg/200 g animal body weight) once a day for 21 consecutive days. The mice are then given mercury acetate (1300 µg/200 g animal body weight intraperitoneally) on the 21st day. One hour after giving the nano Ca supplement, the mice's blood was taken. Liver and kidney were autopsied two days later to check quantitative and qualitative changes caused by mercury concentrations in liver and kidney histopathologies. ResultsThe results demonstrated the importance of nano Ca supplementation before mercury acetate induction, which has been shown to reduce necrotic depletion and hepatocyte degeneration. ConclusionNano Ca supplementation has decreased the concentration of Hg in the blood of mice so that it can be used as a potential health supplement to detoxify mercury toxins.

The effect of ethomerzol fumarate on the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation of rat erythrocytes during mercury acetate poisoning

The effect of ethomerzol fumarate on the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation of rat erythrocytes during mercury acetate poisoning

Mercury (II) benzisothiazolinate (bit) complexes with diamine or phosphine co-ligands, and subsequent conversion to 2-mercaptobenzamide complexes. Crystal structures of [Hg(bit)2(L2)], L2 = bipyridine or phenanthroline

Reaction of mercury(II) acetate [Hg(Ac)2] or mercury(II) chloride [HgCl2] with two moles equivalent of Na[bit] (bit = benzisothiozolinate) afforded [Hg(bit)2] as white solid in 96 and 70% yield respectively. Treatment of [Hg(bit)2] with the bidentate ligands; 2,2-bipyridine (bipy), 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) or ethylene diamine (en) in absolute ethanol afforded the complexes; [Hg(bit)2(bipy)], [Hg(bit)2(phen)] or [Hg(bit)2(en)] as white solids in 82–88% yields. The crystal structures of [Hg(bit)2(bipy)] and [Hg(bit)2(phen)] were determined, each showing a distorted tetrahedral geometry around mercury with the two benzisothiazolinate (bit) ligands being coordinated via nitrogen atom and lying almost perpendicular to each other. Reactions of [Hg(bit)2] with two moles equivalent of Ph3P in absolute EtOH at room temperature or one mole equivalent of 1,3-is(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) in boiling CHCl3, afford [Hg(bit)2(Ph3P)2] and a (2:1) mixture of [Hg(bit)2(κ2-dppp)] and [Hg(bit)2(μ2-dppp)]n. Treatment of [Hg(bit)2] with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), afford [Hg(mbm)2] (Hmbm = 2-mercaptobenzamide), while treatment with bis(diphenylphosphino)butane afford [Hg(mbm)2(dppb)]. A sulfur-nitrogen bond breaking within the heterocyclic ring of the bit ligand took place followed by protonation of the nitrogen atom to afford the final product.

Mercury(II) mixed ligand complexes of phosphines or amines with 2-cyanoamino thiophenolate ligands formed via monodeprotonation and carbon–sulfur bond cleavage of 2-aminobenzothiazole. X-ray crystal structures of [Hg(SC6H4NCN)(PPh3)]2 and [Hg(SC6H4NCN)(Ph2PCH2PPh2)

The addition of sodium hydroxide to a mixture of phenyl mercury acetate and 2-aminobenzothiazole in warm ethanol led to the high yield (84%) formation of [Ph-Hg(LH)]n (1), LH = the 2-cyanoaminothiaphenolate anion (SC6H4NHCN)−, resulting from monodeprotonation of 2-aminobenzothiazole and facile carbon–sulfur bond breakage. Reaction of 1 with Ph3P or Ph3PS afforded [Hg(LH)2(Ph3P)2] (2) or [PhHg(μ-LH)(Ph3PS)]2 (3), respectively. Recrystallization of 2 from warm DMSO afforded [Hg(μ-L)(PPh3)]2 (4), L = the 2-cyanoaminothiophenolate di-anion (SC6H4NCN)2−, which was characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. Treatment of 1 with the diphosphines Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, 2,6-diaminopyridine (dapy), ethylenediamine (en) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) afforded [PhHg(LH){ Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2}], {n = 1 dppm (5), n = 2 dppe (6), n = 3 dppp (7), n = 4 dppb (8), (CH2)n = (Cp)2Fe dppf (9)}, [PhHg(LH)(dapy)2] (11), [PhHg(LH)(en)] (12) or [PhHg(LH)(phen)] (13). Recrystallization of 5 from CH2Cl2 afforded the binuclear complex [Hg(μ-L)(η1-dppm)]2.CH2Cl2 (10), which has been characterized by an X-ray diffraction study.

New Mercurated and Tellurated Sulpha Compounds: Synthesis, Invitro Anticancer Study and DFT Calculation.

The current study includes mercuration and telluration of some sulpha compounds; these compounds were prepared by reaction of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline with mercuric(II) acetate reagent to produce Arylmercuric(II)chloride, which was subjected to transmetallation reactions by using TeBr4 to form the Aryltellurium(IV) tribromide. Additionally, the reactions between (2-amino-5-sulfophenyl)mercury(II) chloride and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde on one hand, and 4,4'-sulfonylbis[2-chloromercuric aniline] with benzaldehyde, on the other, produce mercurated sulpha compounds containing azomethine- group. These obtained compounds react with TeBr4 to form new tellurated sulpha compounds containing azomethine-group. These newly created compounds were subjected to various analyses, including C.H.N.S analysis, proton-NMR, FT-IR, and Carbon-13 NMR. The synthesised compounds were tested for cytotoxicity using in-vitro analyses on two human cancer cell lines, PC3 (prostate cancer cell) and T24 (bladder cancer cell). The prepared organotellurium compounds are effective, especially 4 and 6 compounds. DFT calculations of HOMO and LUMO energy levels and certain quantum parameters indicate that the organomercury compounds are relatively stable and exhibit lesser reactivity when compared to their organotellurium counterparts. Additionally, theoretical results validate the results obtained by the measurement of cancer effectiveness.

Synthesis of some new organotellurium compounds based on 1-substituted tetrazole

New organotellurium compounds are derived from 1-butyl-5H-tetrazole (1). 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl mercury (II) chloride (2) was synthesized from the reaction of compound 1 with mercury acetate and sodium chloride. The 1:1 and 1:2 ratio reactions of tellurium tetrabromide with compound 2 gave 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl tellurium tribromide (3) and di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) tellurium dibromide (4), respectively. The reduction of compounds 3 and 4 by the alcoholic solution of aqueous hydrazine gave di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) ditelluride (5) and di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) telluride (6), respectively. The reaction of compound 5 with iodine and thionyl chloride gave 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl tellurium triiodide (7) and 1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl tellurium trichloride (8), respectively. The reaction of compound 6 with iodine and thionyl chloride gave di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) tellurium diiodide (9) and di (1-butyl tetrazole-5-yl) tellurium dichloride (10), respectively. The prepared compounds were characterized and the molar conductivities proved that the compounds 2–3 and 7–10 behaved as electrolytes (1:1).

Development of non-aqueous titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of valganciclovir hydrochloride in bulk drug and tablets

Two non-aqueous titrimetric and one visible spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of valganciclovir hydrochloride (VLGH) in pure drug and tablets. The titrimetric methods were carried out by titrating the VLGH solution in glacial acetic acid with acetous perchloric acid (HClO4) in the presence of mercuric acetate and the end point of this titration was being located either visually (method A) or potentiometrically (method B). The spectrophotometric method (method C) was based on the addition of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) solution to VLGH solution and the formed yellow condensation product was measured at 420nm. In titrimetric procedures, both the methods A and B were applicable over the range of 4-20mg VLGH, and the calculations were based on a 1:1 reaction stoichiometry (VLGH:HClO4). In a spectrophotometric method, Beer's law was valid in a concentration range of 5-50 μg/mL VLGH with the corresponding value of molar absorptivity of 4.43×103L/mol cm for method C. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for method C were 0.3 and 0.92μg/mL, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to the determination of VLGH in tablets, and the results were statistically compared with those of a reference method by applying Student's t-test and F-test. Further, the validity of the developed methods was confirmed by recovery studies via standard addition technique.