Mental Situation Research Articles

LEVEL OF STRESS LEVELS AMONG THE SCHOOL GOING STUDENTS AND COPING MECHANISMS: A CASE STUDY AT SELECTED SIX DIFFERENT SCHOOLS

Stress is the state of worry or mental situation caused due to the situations that everyone faces in everyday life, sometimes it seems to be minor, however, shows an unidentified impact. The present generation is witnessing the stress as a part of life and unavoidable. The main objective of this study was to study and understand the stress levels of the current generation students, particularly, school going students, as they will become the roots of the future. This study was also aimed at studying the relationship between stress and coping strategies adopted by the students and propose appropriate stress coping mechanisms, with respect to the schools visited. The results suggest that there is a need for the schools to operate hybrid-counseling centers for the students apart from their parents support to provide necessary support in effectively handling the stressful conditions. The results further suggest that the teachers employ information and communication technology (ICT) tools to instill conceptual learning, ultimately aiming to minimize stress in the academics. Furthermore, it is also suggested that the schools should encourage the students and make it mandatory to implement yoga techniques, which would instill self-controlling techniques, discipline and help in combating the stressful conditions.

Frame exploitation at its worst

Abstract Although essential to science and health communication, metaphors can backfire. At this point, any attempt on the part of the speaker to clarify his/her intentions would ultimately prove futile because the mental situation models of speakers and their recipients may not be the same. A debate over the meaning of a metaphor, the variations in its interpretation, or constant negotiation between the interactants poses a substantial challenge to intention-based theories of implicature. A corpus analysis of the “kofta” analogy used by a senior Egyptian army doctor during a February 2014 televised news conference to announce cures for AIDS and hepatitis C and the ensuing impasse over its appropriateness shows that a metaphor designed to publicly communicate science, to confront and shatter the stereotypical image of scientists as dull and stilted people, to persuade citizens to accept the claims as fact, or to hide the speaker’s own scientific ignorance may be sarcastically repeated, extended, and elaborated (“overexploited”) by the target audience (“overdone metaphors”). The doctor or his use of the metaphor of “I give [the virus] back as a kebab skewer for the patient to feed on” has been condemned as “too lower class”. Various forms of metaphor denial and resistance are examined. The article, analyzing thousands of YouTube comments on the news conference video, provides valuable insights for interpreting tropes and has important implications both for science and health communicators and socio-cognitive pragmaticists.

A New Normal in the Past: Learn from Historical Events in Bagelen After the Java War (1825-1830)

The article analyzes the historical mental situation in Bagelen after the Javanese War, a situation similar to the 'new normal' era. This term was popular towards the end of the COVID-19 pandemic when everyone was forced to adapt to a situation created by a power relation context as the 'new normal' era. In the context of the post-Java War era, the contestants, both winners and losers, were both forced to adapt to the colonial socio-cultural and political forces of the 'cultuurstelsel' era as the 'new normal'. This study explains how both sides adapted to the new normal, following their respective historical and devotional duties. The victor sought to explain his moral responsibility by building political legitimacy and new hopes in the form of imaginings of an age of prosperity in Bagelen, while the loser sought to atone for defeat by building a new civilization outside Bagelen. As the winner, R.A.A. Cokronegoro wrote an autobiographical account of the Java War which became known as Babad Kedung Kebo as the political legitimacy capital to build the city of Purworejo. At the same time, as the loser Prince Diponegoro also wrote an autobiographical account of the Java War which became known as Babad Diponegoro. As for his followers, consisting of the Kyai and students, they went into a diaspora, leaving the Bagelen area to build the city of Purworejo.

Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Mothers of Children with Cancer Admitted to t Pediatric Oncology Department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital , Yazd , 2019

Introduction: Religiosity can help in adapting to difficult situations and provide better care. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between religiosity and post-traumatic stress disorder in mothers of children with cancer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational study conducted on 115 mothers of children with cancer who were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, in Yazd, in 2019. Sampling was done through convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the demographic information questionnaire, and Mississippi PTSD and Glock and Stark questionnaires. . Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Pearson's correlation, chi-square) statistical tests and indicators were used; data were investigated and statistically analyzed using SPSS 21 software with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The findings showed that in the post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire, the average score was 97/61±36/78 and the average score of the religiosity questionnaire was 26/77±61/85. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a negative relationship between religiosity and PTSD (p= 0/160, r= -0/132). The average score of PTSD and religiosity among mothers was not significantly different according to various variables such as mother's occupation, child's gender, and education level. The difference in the average score of PTSD in mothers was different according to the characteristics such as education level and occupation. The average score of religiosity was more different when comparing working mothers with housewives. The average stress score after the accident showed a greater difference in mothers according to the type of child's illness. The average PTSD score was 83/87±25/79 for neuroblastoma and 92/33±24/98 for solid tumor disease. Conclusion: PTSD among mothers was close to the cut-off point for the disorder. Although there was no significant relationship between PTSD and mothers' religiosity, it can be said that the severity of mental situation of mothers with severe cancer was effective in the study.

Cognitive approach experience to the metaphor analysis (on the basis of the navy language)

Metaphorization in the naval LSP (Language for specific purposes) is studied in the cognitive linguistics context. The text understanding process is closely related to the phenomenon of mental situation image. In this case, the linguistic interpreting function reflects not only psychological features of the information perception, but also socio-cultural knowledge. The purpose of the article is to analyze some metaphors in the naval domain, to establish the relationship between linguistic and extralinguistic factors, to focus some regularities of nomination when constructing logical or metaphorical connections between different conceptual and thematic areas and their elements. The process of interaction between knowledge structures of two conceptual domains - sphere «source» and sphere «target» is considered. Procedure and methods. The study applied the methods of discursive and semantic analysis. When naming a new object, a person usually has associations with familiar things. That is why the metaphorical nomination sources in the naval discourse are body parts and animal names which describe humans from different perspectives. For example, "pigeon", "birds", "bilge rat". The origin of "the eyes of the ship" metaphor is explained. The results of the study show that the metaphors in the LSP of navy are formed according to the most regular models of semantic transfers. In metaphorical formations the national specificity is obvious, so the national language characteristics in the highly professional naval sphere are identified. The research results contribute to the further LSP cognitive study. The theoretical foundations of the naval discourse formation mechanisms are stated. The relationship between the naval language functioning and the specific features of the domain are established.

The Psychosomatic Impact of COVID-19 with a Negative coping style of the General Population during a Historical Pandemic: A web-based Survey in Pakistan

Coronavirus outbreak of COVID-19 may affect public mental health. The media is reporting every minute current situation with the highlighted public response towards the outbreak which showed people may experience negative coping styles. Our study designed to measure the level of people's responses such as attitude, knowledge to handle the situation, mental health care need among the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire-based online survey was conducted by using the snowball sampling technique. Hence we examined the general population’s psychological distress and coping style before grasping at straws. We received a total of 353 responses. After the analysis survey, we noticed that people's attitude showed their mental situation towards quarantine and social distancing. A high anxiety level was observed in the study. It is necessary to provide mental healthcare facilities and awareness to cope with the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall awareness response to the survey depicts that the general population of Pakistan possesses sufficient (73%) awareness and knowledge regarding COVID19, its symptoms, and available prevention strategies. Overall, the social behavior of the general population showed only (24%) of the participants possess a sufficient attitude to cope up with COVID-19 infection. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.

PerBrain: a multimodal approach to personalized tracking of evolving state-of-consciousness in brain-injured patients: protocol of an international, multicentric, observational study

Disorders of consciousness (DoC) are severe neurological conditions in which consciousness is impaired to various degrees. They are caused by injury or malfunction of neural systems regulating arousal and awareness. Over the last decades, major efforts in improving and individualizing diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for patients affected by DoC have been made, mainly focusing on introducing multimodal assessments to complement behavioral examination. The present EU-funded multicentric research project "PerBrain" is aimed at developing an individualized diagnostic hierarchical pathway guided by both behavior and multimodal neurodiagnostics for DoC patients. In this project, each enrolled patient undergoes repetitive behavioral, clinical, and neurodiagnostic assessments according to a patient-tailored multi-layer workflow. Multimodal diagnostic acquisitions using state-of-the-art techniques at different stages of the patients' clinical evolution are performed. The techniques applied comprise well-established behavioral scales, innovative neurophysiological techniques (such as quantitative electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography), structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and measurements of physiological activity (i.e. nasal airflow respiration). In addition, the well-being and treatment decision attitudes of patients' informal caregivers (primarily family members) are investigated. Patient and caregiver assessments are performed at multiple time points within one year after acquired brain injury, starting at the acute disease phase. Accurate classification and outcome prediction of DoC are of crucial importance for affected patients as well as their caregivers, as individual rehabilitation strategies and treatment decisions are critically dependent on the latter. The PerBrain project aims at optimizing individual DoC diagnosis and accuracy of outcome prediction by integrating data from the suggested multimodal examination methods into a personalized hierarchical diagnosis and prognosis procedure. Using the parallel tracking of both patients' neurological status and their caregivers' mental situation, well-being, and treatment decision attitudes from the acute to the chronic phase of the disease and across different countries, this project aims at significantly contributing to the current clinical routine of DoC patients and their family members. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04798456 . Registered 15 March 2021 - Retrospectively registered.

COVID-19 and Perinatal Stress Experience - a Study Conducted as Part of the COVGEN Initiative.

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, stress and anxiety in the population increased due to concerns about people's own health and that of their relatives, as well as changes in everyday life due to measures taken to reduce the infection rate. Pregnant women are particularly stressed. The present study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the stress experience and mental health of pregnant women and mothers of newborns and how care could be optimized. Methods As part of the international COVGEN initiative ( https://www.covgen.org ) to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the peripartum period, pregnant and postpartum women were asked about their experience with stress using the COPE-IS (Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences - Impact Survey) questionnaire developed for this purpose and translated from the English. In addition, demographic data, pre-existing diseases, pregnancy complications and the care situation were recorded. The questionnaire was either administered as hardcopy to inpatients at the Department of Women's Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany, or online. All pregnant women and mothers who were pregnant or had given birth after the official start of the COVID-19 pandemic (11 March 2020) were eligible to participate. Results Complete data sets of n=156 pregnant women and n=221 postpartum women were available for evaluation. The general stress level assessed with the COPE-IS was significantly increased by the COVID-19 pandemic in both, pregnant and postpartum women, with pre-existing conditions such as respiratory diseases and pregnancy-related diseases like gestational diabetes adding to the stress. The subjectively perceived quality of care/support during pregnancy also influenced the stress level. Conclusions Fears of a COVID-19 infection and changes in preventive and aftercare services were a burden for the women surveyed. Intensified care during pregnancy and puerperium could help to stabilize the mental situation and reduce stress.

Liberating and Enlightening Education on Qur’anic Perspective

This research is to reveal that education is not only dealing with issues of intelligence and thinking, but it is also fully responsible for the development of students' character. Due to the said reason, it is important to explore such research considering that the mental situation of this nation is clearly correlated with the spirit of national education which has been value free. Our educational philosophy is indeed intellectual, but our learning strategy is no longer concerned with the mental, moral, and developmental aspects of enlightening thinking skills. The national education curriculum and methodology are designed only to fill the mind with a series of knowledge and do not provide enough opportunity for the growth of an enlightened human being. Al-Qur'an for Muslims is not a mere a religious scripture, but it is also indeed to be an enlightening guide to find some basic principles of education which can then inspire in developing a qualified education. This study uses the Qur'anic literature method as well as a descriptive and qualitative research with a library research approach by analysing Qur’anic verses. This article analyzes the signs of al-Qur'an as the basic framework for building a liberating and enlightening education.

The Influence of Teacher-Student Relationship on Anxiety and Depression in Children

Children’s mental health plays a very important role in their personality development in the early age, while negative mental situation will probably make strong influence to their development of mental health. In order to discuss the reasons of children’s emotion of anxiety and depression, this research used Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC), teacher-student relationship (TSRS), Children’s Depression Ra-ting Scale (CDRS), Self Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) to measure specific emotional fields among 340 students from Shandong province. The results show that: 1. Teacher-Students relationship predicted anxiety and depression level of primary school students in high grades; 2. Teacher-students intimacy significantly negative predicted the children’s anxiety and depression level, while Teacher-students conflict significantly positive predicted the degree of children’s anxiety; 3. Children's self-perception and optimism also have significant influence on children's anxiety and depression level.

Difference between Impacts of COVID-19 on Women and Men's Psychological, Social, Vulnerable Work Situations, and Economic Well-Being.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus changed social reality worldwide, affecting people’s health and work life, particularly their anxiety levels. The purpose of this study is to verify the situation of women in terms of anxiety and social determinants in Spain during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 4686 people (3500 women and 1186 men). The tools used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and an ad hoc questionnaire to assess the work and mental situation of the participants. The results indicate a higher rate of anxiety among women than among men and reveal a relationship between higher levels of anxiety and more vulnerable work situations in terms of higher unemployment rates, contract changes, etc. Furthermore, there was a higher percentage of women than men in the sectors where the health crisis has had a greater impact and presence, with repercussions on the physical, mental, and social health of the entire population and especially on women. It is necessary to take into account the social determinants of health, not only at the structural level, in terms of the socio-economic and political contexts, to avoid and limit the axes of inequality such as gender.

A Sociotechnical Model for Managing Mental Health Distress Among College Students During and After a Pandemic: Development and Usability Study

Background Mental distress affects people's health in many ways and at different levels. However, anxiety and depressive disorder have significantly increased since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Controlling the spread of COVID-19 resulted in isolation protocols such as stay-at-home orders, social distancing, and quarantining. Though well intended, the protocols exacerbated the already increasing number of mental distress cases prior to the pandemic. During the rollout of these pandemic interventions to control the spread, there was a noticeable increase in technology use. For instance, to cope with their mental health concerns, several people, including students, turned to technology to sustain their connection to the society and to access mental health services. Although a plethora of technological tools exist for communication and socialization, it is unknown which types of technologies are effective in the management of anxiety and depression symptoms. Hence, there is a need for a sociotechnical model that can identify technologies effective in addressing an individual's mental health symptoms, specifically among college students. Objective The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of current technologies used in coping with a mental distress situation and to develop a model that college students can use to effectively handle their mental health distress during and after a pandemic. Methods The proposed model is built on the Stallman's Health Theory of Coping. The model expands the theory with 5 significant components, namely Mental Health Distress Situation, Level of Distress, Coping Strategy, Technology Used, and the Mental Health Distress Outcome. This paper describes the conceptualized functionality of each component. The model will be implemented as a prototype mobile app and evaluated using a case study with students from 2 colleges. Results The study is underway. However, the model will be evaluated using 2 categories of nonrandomized focus groups of college students to determine the usefulness and the effectiveness of the model. Each group will consist of 8 participants. Data collected from each group will be qualitatively evaluated to identify themes from the responses, which will be used to refine the model to meet the study objective. Conclusions Many people experienced an increase in mental distress due to the isolation requirements arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. With limited access to traditional coping strategies in public and large gatherings, people turned to technology to manage their stress, anxiety, and depression. However, there is no “one-size-fits-all” technology that can address every individual distress level and coping strategy. Thus, developing a model to identify effective technologies used as coping strategies will be helpful for an individual in alleviating their mental health distress symptoms during and after a pandemic. Conflicts of Interest None declared.

Afif Muhammad's Philosophy of Happiness Perspective

The purpose of this study is to examine happiness according to Afif Muhammad clearly, and how to achieve happiness. This research is a qualitative research. The method used is library research and interviews. The data sources used are Primary and Secondary Data. This study concludes that according to Afif Muhammad, happiness is an inner or mental situation that a person has in which a person feels calm, peaceful and safe and can also be felt by those around him. If someone has felt happiness then he will radiate that happiness to the people around him. He divided the stages of happiness into three categories: Lay level, Intermediate level, and Supreme Level. This division is not meant to distinguish the form of happiness but so that we can measure our level of happiness at which level. As for the factors that we must have to achieve happiness, namely: by having an honest nature and not hating anyone so that our lives become calm and can achieve true happiness.

Impact of Contemplative Landscape Characteristics on Martial Art Practices: A Study with Reference to Karate Practitioners

Being merged with the natural environment contributes positively to mental health. Practicing physical activities in outdoor space makes a high impact on positiveness in the human mind as well as physical well-being due to the impact of the senses of the space. The study focuses how martial art practitioners can benefit contemplative characteristic of landscape by using spaces for practices. The study was conducted with the participant of Karate practitioners of the University of Moratuwa. It mainly concerns the sense of space, Mind relaxation, ability to concentrate, feel the freedom of space, the adeptness of learning, and the ability to tolerate. Visual perspectives are considered as the main criteria of the landscape character of the space. Research method surveys were carried out along two main streams as literature review survey and case study survey. Literature review includes research related to the connectivity among the natural landscapes, human mind, and martial arts. The case study survey was based on experiences in different practicing environments, and interview with professionals. Due to the current health situation of the country, three case studies were selected by concerning landscape characteristics of spaces that have been used as training environments for previous Karate sessions. The questionnaire explores the way the practitioners experienced and sensed the setting of each space. The landscape involvement, availability of natural landscape forms and natural sceneries of each case study is varied from one to the other. As a martial artist is highly sensitive to the balance of body, the floor surface is also concerned as a sensible factor. Data were collected through two questionnaires and one online face to face interview with a professional Karate instructor. The first questionnaire was filled by 54 participants in the Karate team, and the second one was filled by 35 practitioners who have used selected three training environments. Data collection explored both importance of Karate practices in the practitioner’s life, and the impact of changes of the training space in the mental situation of the practitioner. Results indicated positive results in keeping a good mental condition while using spaces with more possibility of providing contemplation. According to the obtained results, using an outdoor space with more contemplative characters may benefit by generating better outcome of Karate practices as well as for successful day[1]to-day.
 Keywords: Mental and physical health, Martial arts, Contemplation, Form characteristic of landscape.

Children with cancer and their families after active treatment: analyses of biopsychosocial needs and implications for healthcare – a study protocol

IntroductionPatients and families affected by paediatric cancer experience psychosocial burden not only during active treatment but also during follow-up care. Use of health services during follow-up treatment should be organised...

Health Status of Elder People Living in Old Age Home of Kathmandu district, Nepal

Ageing is a process of gradual change in physical appearance and mental situation that causes a person to grow old. To be an old age is one natural process which cannot be controlled but to be alone in old age and need to take support of old age home is one social problem. The study aims to identify the health status of elder people living in the old age home of Kathmandu district. The study collected the data from 72 individuals, aged 60 years and above. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The structured survey questionnaire was used for data collection. the result shows that in total majority (88.9%) of the elder people had some types of health problem. Basically, blood pressure, Gastric, and joint pain were the major health problem of elder people. Only 50% of the total respondents had visited the health post when they were ill. Statistically, there was no significant association between the male and female regarding their health problem because the p value was .182 which is greater than .05 significant level. Government should provide free health check-up facilities for such elder people living in the old age home.

The well-being of older age Lithuanians: Policy implications

Many countries of the world consider the well-being of citizens to be one of their most important goals. Nowadays there is a growing concern about the well-being of older people. Considering the aging population, there is a call for social policies aimed at strengthening the well-being of older people. Therefore, recommendations were prepared for policymakers on possible ways to strengthen the well-being of the older age Lithuanian population. The recommendations are based on data from the 7th wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). There were 2014 persons aged 50 and older interviewed in Lithuania in the 7th wave of the SHARE survey. Data on various aspects of well-being, health, work and economic situation, childhood circumstances, experiences of discrimination were analyzed. Based on different aspects of well-being it was found, that respondents can be grouped into high, low, and medium well-being clusters, moreover the analysis showed that the Lithuanian population has relatively low well-being compared to other countries. Recommendations were formulated covering possible measures for chronic diseases, co-morbid mental health disorders, work, economic situation, childhood environment, and personal life history. The recommendations are addressed to health, social and employment, education, and science policymakers.

Историко-философские взгляды В. И. Засулич (на примере работы «Жан-Жак Руссо. Опыт характеристики его общественных идей»)

The article is devoted to the work of the Russian revolutionary, writer and Marxist theorist V. I. Zasulich. The subject of consideration is the historical and philosophical views of the thinker, which are analyzed on the basis of her study devoted to the work of J.-J. Rousseau – “Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The experience of characteristics of his social ideas”, which previously remained almost without the attention of researchers. The purpose of the work is to analyze the basic principles of the approach of V. I. Zasulich to the study of philosophical thought: the desire to recreate the historical situation and the mental situation, the focus on the selection of socio-political and ideological determinants of the views of a particular thinker, the selection of unique and innovative thoughts compared to contemporaries and predecessors, the influence of the thinker on contemporaries and descendants. The research methodology is the system analysis, and reconstruction of the works by V. I. Zasulich on the problems of research. The work of V. I. Zasulich is a full-fledged scientific research: it analyzes the works of the thinker, refers to other researchers of his work. It identifies the determinants of the direction of his works, the thinker’s innovation and contribution to philosophy, as well as his influence on the further development of spiritual life, that is, adheres to the Marxist methodology of historical and philosophical research (and largely forms this methodology for Russian scientists).

Enlightening Education on Quranic Perspective

This article is to reveal that education is not only dealing with issues of intelligence and thinking, but it is also fully responsible for the development of a student's character. Due to the said reason, it is important to explore such research considering that the mental situation of this nation is clearly correlated with the spirit of national education which has been value-free. Our educational philosophy is indeed intellectual, but our learning strategy is no longer concerned with the mental, moral, and developmental aspects of enlightening thinking skills. Al-Qur'an for Muslims is not a mere religious scripture, but it is also indeed to be an enlightening guide to find some basic principles of education which can then inspire in developing a qualified education. This study uses the Qur'anic literature method as well as descriptive and qualitative research with a library research approach by analyzing Qur’anic verses. This article analyzes the signs of al-Qur'an as the basic framework for building an enlightening education.

"ENGAGING WITH THE BENEFICIARIES IN REFORMING HEALTH CARE. A CASE STUDY OF PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE REFORM OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC"

"The involvement of patients and their families in healthcare policymaking has been a general trend in recent years. This tendency can be observed also in the process of the current reform of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic, which should gradually shift the focus of psychiatric care from large facilities to community care. Organizations representing patients and their families are among the key stakeholders in this reform. The present study analyses semi-structured in-depth interviews and documents with the objective to map and evaluate the process of patient involvement in the reform from its launch to its implementation in 2012-2019. The study identifies the major barriers to patient involvement – on the part of the patients and their organizations, professionals (healthcare professionals, care providers, administration, policymakers), as well as the whole society. It becomes clear that the reform encourages patient involvement, with a palpable shift from consultation to involvement. Still, there are many obstacles to patient involvement in the Czech Republic: the mental state, social and economic situation of the patients, paternalism on the part of care providers, tokenism or stigmatization of mentally ill people."