Mental Health-related Variables Research Articles

The residential, area-specific prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among South Korean adolescents

ObjectivesThis study investigated the residential, area-specific prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents in South Korea, based on nationally representative data. MethodsA secondary analysis was performed using the database of the 17th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey, which contained data from 54,848 adolescents. ResultsFemale adolescents (more influential in counties), low economic status (more influential in metropolitan cities), perceived stress (more influential in metropolitan cities), depression (more influential in counties), loneliness (more influential in counties), and anxiety (more influential in counties) were influencing factors in all areas, and the factors associated with suicidal ideation differed by residential area. The factors related to suicidal ideation were similar by residential area, but the degree of relevance differed from area to area; in particular, the prevalence of variables related to mental health (depression, loneliness, and anxiety) was high in counties. Alcohol drinking was significant only in small- and medium-sized cities in terms of suicidal ideation. ConclusionSuicide prevention programs for adolescents should be implemented given the higher incidence of suicidal ideation among female adolescents, the greater influence of mental health-related variables in counties, and the influence of smoking in cities. There were differences in the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation by residential areas.

The “Bubbles”-Study: Validation of ultra-short scales for the assessment of addictive so-cial media use and grandiose narcissism

Intensive engagement in social media use (SMU) can result in the development of addictive tendencies and a decrease of mental health. Enhanced levels of the personality trait narcissism foster addictive SMU. An early identification of persons at risk for the addictive tendencies can contribute to the protection of their mental health. Very brief valid screening instruments implemented in general mental health programs and in therapeutic settings are supportive tools in this regard. In two studies on representative German population samples, we developed and validated four ultra-short scales – the “bubbles” – that consist of only one item per construct/subscale based on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS; Andreassen, Pallesen, & Griffiths, 2017) and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-13; Gentile et al., 2013) for the assessment of addictive SMU (one bubble) and narcissism (one bubble per subscale). The results of Study 1 (N = 700) and Study 2 (N = 770) showed that the bubbles are valid instruments that fit the original instruments on the factor level; the bubbles largely replicated their association pattern with demographic variables, social media-related, personality-related and mental health-related variables. Their shortness prevents fatigue, motivation decrease, and participants’ dropout. Due to their time- and cost-efficiency, the bubbles can be used as brief screening tools in research (e.g., large-scale studies, longitudinal studies) and in praxis (e.g., mental health programs). Future research should validate the bubbles cross-nationally, in children and adolescents, and in clinical contexts.

Effects of DMT on mental health outcomes in healthy volunteers

Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, is being increasingly researched in clinical studies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The relatively lengthy duration of oral psilocybin’s acute effects (4–6 h) may have pragmatic and cost-effectiveness limitations. Here, we explored the effects of intravenous (IV) N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a closely related, but faster-acting psychedelic intervention, on mental health outcomes in healthy volunteers. Data is reported from two separate analyses: (1) A comparison of mental health-related variables 1 week after 7, 14, 18, and 20 mg of IV DMT versus IV saline placebo (n = 13) and, (2) A prospective dataset assessing effects before versus 2 weeks after 20 mg of IV DMT (n = 17). Mental health outcomes included measures of depression severity (QIDS-SR16), trait anxiety (STAI-T), Neuroticism (NEO-FFI), wellbeing (WHO-5), meaning in life (MLQ), optimism (LOT-R), and gratitude (GQ-6). In both the prospective and placebo-controlled datasets, significant improvements in scores of depression were found 1–2 weeks after DMT administration. Significant reductions in trait Neuroticism were only found for the placebo-controlled sample. Finally, changes in depression and trait anxiety correlated with acute peak experiences (assessed via ‘Oceanic Boundlessness’). While the use of two separate cohorts in pooled analysis limits the generalizability of these correlational findings, these results suggest that DMT may reduce depressive symptomatology by inducing peak experiences. The short half-life of IV DMT and its potential for flexible dosing via controlled infusions makes it an appealing candidate for psychedelic medicine. Further research in clinical samples is needed to corroborate the therapeutic potential of DMT.

Less social media use – more satisfied, work-engaged and mentally healthy employees: an experimental intervention study

ABSTRACTIntensive Social Media Use (SMU) can negatively impact employees’ work performance and mental health. The present experimental study investigated how a reduction of daily SMU time influences employees from different professional sectors in Germany. The experimental group (N = 84; age: M = 29.38, SD = 5.84) reduced its non-work-related SMU by 30 min daily for seven days; the control group (N = 82; age: M = 30.06, SD = 8.39) used Social Media (SM) as usual. Work-related variables and mental health-related variables were assessed via online surveys at three measurement time points (baseline; post-intervention; one-week follow-up). The intervention significantly reduced the experience of work overload, stress symptoms, fear of missing out and addictive SMU. Work satisfaction, work engagement and positive mental health increased significantly. The present findings reveal that less time spent on SMU leads to increased work motivation and higher levels of mental health. Employers and employees should take the present findings into account. Business coaching programmes, mental health promotion programmes and clinical interventions could benefit from the integration of a controlled reduction of SMU time.

P113: Psychosocial interventions for dementia grief- a systematic review

Objective:Dementia grief can be described as a caregiver’s anticipatory grief experience due to losses occurring before the care recipient’s physical death. Among other things, these losses can include loss of memory, intimacy, communication, relationship resolution, and family identity. Psychosocial interventions have been developed to address and reduce these pre-loss grief reactions. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on existing dementia grief interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD).Methods:Electronic databases Web of Science (SSCI), PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests and MEDLINE were searched from September 2016 to September 2021. The systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and it was registered to the PROSPERO database (CRD42021268998). All adult family or friend carers of older persons with dementia were included. All types and severity stages of dementia were included except studies about young onset dementia and dementia grief. Also, family carers could not be bereaved.Results:The 12 included studies contained multifaceted interventions with heterogenous formats. Eight studies had a quantitative, two a qualitative and two a mixed method design. Sample size ranged from two to 273 participants. Interventions included elements of psychoeducation, cognitive and emotional therapeutic strategies based on CBT, acceptance- based and mindfulness-based strategies. The interventions showed statistically significant small to moderate effects on dementia grief. In addition to the effects on dementia grief, the interventions also had a positive impact on mental health-related variables such as burden, depression, empowerment, and resilience.Conclusion:There has been an increase in dementia grief interventions suggesting that dementia grief has been acknowledged as a valid and important construct to describe the dementia caregiver experience. It remains unclear whether health care providers know about and implement elements of the grief interventions in every day clinical encounters with dementia caregivers. Thus, future research should determine the practicing health care providers’ knowledge about dementia grief and its available interventions. Furthermore, it should be examined whether the intervention effects are transferable to caregivers of patients with other terminal illnesses or degenerative disorders, or whether they must be modified.

Gendered Patterns in Manifest and Latent Mental Health Indicators Among Suicide Decedents: 2003-2020 National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS).

Objectives. To investigate differences in the documentation of mental health symptomology between male and female suicide decedents in the 2003-2020 US National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Methods. Using information on 271 998 suicides in the 2003-2020 NVDRS, we evaluated precoded mental health-related variables and topic model-derived latent mental health themes in the law enforcement and coroner or medical examiner death narratives compiled by trained public health workers. Results. Public health records of male compared with female suicides were less likely to include notations of mental health conditions or treatment interventions. However, topic modeling of death summaries revealed that male suicide decedents were more likely to evidence several subclinical cognitive and emotional indicators of distress. Conclusions. Suicide death records vary by gender, both in recorded evidence for mental health conditions at time of death and in accompanying narratives describing proximal circumstances surrounding these deaths. Our findings hint that patterns of subclinical mental health changes among men might be less well captured in commonly used mental health indicators, suggesting that prevention efforts may benefit from measures that also target assessment of subclinical distress. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S3):S268-S277. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307427).

Predictors and outcomes of engagement in an online depression prevention program for final year secondary school students

Although school-based delivery of online interventions can effectively prevent depression and other common mental disorders, little is known about the characteristics of students who engage with these programs. This study aimed to identify predictors of two indicators of adolescent engagement (program usage and skill enactment) with a school-based online depression prevention program. The study also explored the association between skill enactment and mental health outcomes. Participants were 204 final-year secondary school students (M = 16.7 years, SD = 0.51 years; 111 females) from the intervention condition of a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 10 selective and partially selective government schools in Australia between 2015 and 2016. Program usage was measured as number of modules completed and skill enactment was assessed using a self-report questionnaire at post-intervention to determine the frequency of implementing program strategies (e.g., cognitive restructuring, activity scheduling). Predictors of engagement included demographics, mental health-related variables, and psychological factors (e.g., mastery). Regressions indicated that possible history of depression predicted fewer modules completed, whereas higher baseline anxiety, mastery, and higher perceived level of learning from the program predicted greater skill enactment. Mixed models did not show a significant effect of skill enactment on symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, social phobia, or personal stigma. Future work is needed to investigate whether the results apply to students enrolled in non-selective programs and examine the effects of skill enactment and other possible mechanisms on outcomes in order to guide the refinement of future interventions.

Positive mental imagery and mental health amongst university students in Pakistan.

Mental health problems amongst university students pose a major public health challenge, and this is particularly the case in Pakistan. Alongside broader societal and cultural pressures, cognitive factors likely also play a role in the development of and resilience to mental health problems and may provide a feasible target for interventions. The current study built on previous research in primarily European samples investigating the relationship between one cognitive factor, positive future-oriented mental imagery, and mental health, extending this to a sample of university students in Pakistan (N = 1838). In a cross-sectional design, higher vividness of positive future-oriented mental imagery was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of positive mental health amongst participants completing questionnaire measures on paper (N = 1430) or online (N = 408). In the sample completing the measures on paper, these relationships remained statistically significant even when controlling for socio-demographic and mental health-related variables. The results provide a foundation for further investigating positive mental imagery as a potential mechanism of mental health and intervention target amongst university students in Pakistan.

Estimating national and state-level suicide deaths using a novel online symptom search data source

BackgroundSuicide mortality data are a critical source of information for understanding suicide-related trends in the United States. However, official suicide mortality data experience significant delays. The Google Symptom Search Dataset (SSD), a novel population-level data source derived from online search behavior, has not been evaluated for its utility in predicting suicide mortality trends. MethodsWe identified five mental health related variables (suicidal ideation, self-harm, depression, major depressive disorder, and pain) from the SSD. Daily search trends for these symptoms were utilized to estimate national and state suicide counts in 2020, the most recent year for which data was available, via a linear regression model. We compared the performance of this model to a baseline autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a model including all 422 symptoms (All Symptoms) in the SSD. ResultsOur Mental Health Model estimated the national number of suicide deaths with an error of −3.86 %, compared to an error of 7.17 % and 28.49 % for the ARIMA baseline and All Symptoms models. At the state level, 70 % (N = 35) of states had a prediction error of <10 % with the Mental Health Model, with accuracy generally favoring larger population states with higher number of suicide deaths. ConclusionThe Google SSD is a new real-time data source that can be used to make accurate predictions of suicide mortality monthly trends at the national level. Additional research is needed to optimize state level predictions for states with low suicide counts.

Addictive digital media use and psychiatric symptoms: a cross-sectional study

The past 10 years have seen a substantial change and increase in the research of "addictive technological behaviors." Additionally, studies have found a strong association between concomitant psychiatric issues and technological dependency. In the present study, 23,533 Participants in a cross-sectional online study of adults survey to investigate potential role of demographic variables, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in the a range of addictive use, which is defined as compulsive and excessive use linked to undesirable effects, there are two forms online technologies of the present: YouTube and social media. We made use of instruments with robust psychometric capabilities. Every substantial and positive correlation the interaction between the two addictive technological behaviors when contrasting the signs of various mental problems and those of addicted technology use. The compulsive utilization of these technologies and age seems to be unrelated. Being a man was substantially correlated with a video game addiction, but being a woman was strongly correlated with a social media addiction. Addiction to online gaming and social networking was positively correlated with being single. According to hierarchical regression research, demographic traits approximately 11% to 12% of the difference in the use of addictive technologies was explained by this. Mental health-related variables accounted for 7% to 5% of the difference. The study significantly expands our knowledge of the signs of mental illness and how they relate to technological addiction. Discussions of the clinical relevance, limitations, and strengths are included.

0386 Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia among Japanese university students with sleep disturbances

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances among Japanese university students negatively affect their academic performance and mental health. Student habits, such as naps and using smartphones in bed, may lead to sleep problems. We hypothesized the Sleep Health through University Student Habits (SHUSH) program, a four-week cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia intervention, would improve sleep disturbances in university students. Methods We used a pretest-posttest, single arm pilot study design and evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of SHUSH. Occupational therapy and physical therapy students (N = 18) in a university with self-reported sleep disturbances (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI score ≥ 9) were offered 90-minutes of sleep education (e.g., two-process model of sleep regulation, stimulus control, and sleep hygiene) then prescribed personalized sleep restriction therapy (SRT) and stimulus control therapy (SCT) goals based upon 10-days of sleep diary data. This was followed by weekly 15-minute individualized meetings for three consecutive weeks; SRT and SCT goals were titrated based upon sleep diaries, and occupational therapists supported treatment adherence. Assessments included validated Japanese versions of sleep-related (e.g., sleep disturbance), mental health-related (e.g., depression) and sleep diary (e.g., sleep efficiency) variables. Dependent t-tests (d) and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (r) were used to test differences between baseline and posttest assessments. Results There were 15 students who completed SHUSH with a mean age of 19.7 years; 9 were women. Improvements were found in sleep disturbance (r = 0.843), sleep quality (r = 0.851), daytime sleepiness (d = 0.762), sleep hygiene practice (d = 1.216) and change from an eveningness towards a morningness circadian preference (d = 0.990). Anxiety (d = 0.604) and depression (d = 0.729) improved. Sleep onset latency (r = 0.851), nighttime awakening (r = 0.514), and sleep efficiency (r = 0.880) also improved. Participants were satisfied with the SHUSH group-based education, one-on-one therapist meetings, and program brevity; there were no adverse events. Conclusion SHUSH is a feasible and preliminarily effective sleep improvement program for reducing sleep disturbances among Japanese university students. Improved sleep was associated with improved mental health and sleep-promoting behaviors. A randomized controlled trial of SHUSH is recommended. Support (if any) Fulbright U.S. Scholar Award to Japan

Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health and Resilient Coping in Young Adult Male Inmates: A Portuguese Cross-Sectional Study.

Inmates are highly exposed to mental and physical disorders. Therefore, periodic screening of their mental health and other health risks is required. This study aims to investigate the perceived fear of COVID-19 and the psychological impact of the pandemic in a sample of young adult male inmates. An institutional-based quantitative cross-sectional study design was performed. Data collection took place from July to September 2022 at a juvenile prison in the central region of Portugal. Data were collected using questionnaires on demographic and health characteristics; fear of COVID-19; depression, anxiety and stress levels; and resilient coping. The sample included 60 male inmates imprisoned for over 2 years. Stress was the most common symptom among inmates (75%), followed by anxiety (38.3%) and depression (36.7%). The mean score on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was 17.38 ± 4.80, indicating relatively low fear levels. Low resilient scores were found in 38 participants (63.3%). Participants reported moderately high ranges of 3.62 ± 0.87 regarding mental health perception, 3.73 ± 0.95 for physical health perception, and 3.27 ± 0.82 for global health concerning the previous month. The Pearson correlation matrix indicated significant and moderate to strong correlations between fear of COVID-19 and mental health-related variables (p < 0.001). The predicting factors of fear of COVID-19 were identified by deploying a multiple linear regression model. We found four predictors: age, perception of mental health, and overall levels of anxiety and stress (R2 = 0.497). Fear of a given scenario or factor may shift with time. Therefore, long-term research is needed to evaluate whether fear of COVID-19 is adaptive or long-reactive in victims. Our study can assist policymakers, mental health and public health experts, and others in recognizing and managing pandemic-related fears and mental health symptoms.

Investigation of factors associated with mental health during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea based on machine learning algorithms: A cohort study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is among the most critical public health problems worldwide in the last three years. We tried to investigate changes in factors between pre- and early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data of 457,309 participants from the 2019 and 2020 Community Health Survey were examined. Four mental health-related variables were selected for examination as a dependent variable (patient health questionnaire-9, depression, stress, and sleep time). Other variables without the aforementioned four variables were split into three groups based on the coefficient values of lasso and ridge regression models. The importance of each variable was calculated and compared using feature importance values obtained from three machine learning algorithms. Psychiatric and sociodemographic variables were identified, both during the pre- and early pandemic periods. In contrast, during the early pandemic period, average sleep time variables ranked the highest with the dependent variables regarding the experience of depression. The difference in sleep time before and after the pandemic was validated by the results of paired t-tests, which were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Changes in the importance of mental health factors in the early pandemic period in South Korea were identified. For each mental health-dependent variable, average sleep time, experience of depression, and experience of accidents or addictions were found to be the most important factors. House type and type of residence were also found in regions with larger populations and a higher number of confirmed cases.

Risk factors of hikikomori among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective online survey

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has forced people to restrict their outings. In Japan, self-restraint behavior (SRB) has been requested by the government, and some of those decreasing their outings may shift to pathological social withdrawal; hikikomori. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors of hikikomori conducting an online prospective survey. An online survey was conducted in June 2020 and December 2020; (1) SRB-related indicators (degree of SRB, motivation for SRB, stigma and self-stigma toward COVID-19, anxiety and depressive feelings toward COVID-19) and (2) general mental health (hikikomori tendency, depressive symptoms, modern type depression (MTD) tendency, internet addiction) were collected. A cross-lagged effects model was performed to examine the association between these variables. Lack of emotional support and lack of socialization in June 2020 increased isolation in December 2020. Besides, MTD and hikikomori interacted with each other. Interestingly, although hikikomori tendency increased depressive tendencies, SRB itself did not have a significant path on any mental health-related variables. Poor interpersonal relationships, rather than SRB per se, are suggested to be a risk factor for increased isolation among office workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate early interventions such as interpersonal or emotional support may prevent the transition to pathological hikikomori. The association between MTD and hikikomori seems to reveal the interesting possibility that MTD is a gateway to increased risk of hikikomori, and that hikikomori is a gateway to MTD as well. Future research is required to elucidate the relationship between hikikomori and MTD.

Resilience Moderates the Associations between Bipolar Disorder Mood Episodes and Mental Health

Resilience could moderate the impact of bipolar disorder (BD) on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial functioning. This study aimed to (1) explore the relationships between bipolar disorder mood episodes (depression, &lsqb;hypo&rsqb;mania, and euthymia) and mental health outcomes of QoL, personal recovery, impaired work, and psychosocial functioning in individuals with BD; and (2) determine whether resilience domains were moderators of these associations. A clinical adult sample of 97 individuals diagnosed with BD (63.90&percnt; female, mean age = 45.02 years) completed a battery of BD-specific measures of resilience and mental health-related variables. Multiple regression showed that self-management of BD resilience domain moderated the negative relationship between (hypo)manic episode and personal recovery. Furthermore, self-confidence moderated the positive relationships between (hypo)manic and depressive episodes and impaired functioning. We suggest that BD patients experiencing (hypo)manic or depressive episodes may improve their mental health and wellbeing through interventions that promote disorder-specific resilience factors.

A two-week gaming abstinence reduces Internet Gaming Disorder and improves mental health: An experimental longitudinal intervention study

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, digital gaming has become a welcome pastime and distraction for many people. However, this phenomenon can have severe consequences; intensive digital gaming can foster the Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and negatively affect mental health. The present experimental longitudinal study investigated the consequences of a conscious abstinence from gaming in a German sample. The experimental group (N = 131; age: M = 26.21, SD = 7.70) did not engage in gaming for two weeks; the control group (N = 140; age: M = 25.10, SD = 4.94) maintained its gaming time and habits. Gaming-related variables and mental health-related variables were assessed via online surveys at five measurement time points (baseline, intermediate status, post-intervention, one-month follow-up, three-month follow-up). The intervention significantly reduced gaming time, gaming flow, IGD, daily stress, and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, we found a significant improvement in positive mental health. The effects were stable over the three months of the investigation. Thus, we could show that a conscious and controlled, short-term abstinence from gaming leads to reduced IGD and a better mental health. The present results emphasize that conscious periods of gaming abstinence could be an effective step in the clinical context and in mental health prevention programs, especially during a pandemic such as the COVID-19 outbreak.

Lay causal beliefs about PTSD and cultural correlates in five countries

ABSTRACT Background To date, cultural clinical research has primarily focused on differences between ethnic groups when investigating causal beliefs about mental disorders. While individual as well as contextual factors are considered important for gaining a better understanding of cultural influences, research on causal beliefs about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cultural correlates in laypersons is scarce. Objective This study aimed at gaining a better understanding of the association between causal beliefs about PTSD and cultural aspects, as well as other contextual and individual correlates of causal beliefs. Method We conducted a cross-sectional, vignette-based online survey with 737 laypersons from Mexico, Ecuador, Germany, Greece, and Russia. Participants completed the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and reported several cultural and sociodemographic (e.g. country of residence, gender, personal values) as well as mental health–related variables (e.g. PTSD symptoms, previous seeking of help). Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of individuals expressing similar causal beliefs for PTSD. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse covariates of class membership. Results LCA resulted in a three-class solution of casual beliefs: a traumatic event–focused class (41.1%); an intrapersonal causes class (40.1%); and a multiple causes class (18.0%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed country of residence, gender, personal value of security, PTSD symptoms, and mental health literacy as significant covariates of class membership. Conclusions Integrating a more diverse concept of culture into cultural clinical research can be a valuable addition to group comparisons based on nationality or ethnicity. Cultural clinical research needs to move towards a more integrated approach that accounts for the complexity of culture. Including additional contextual and sociodemographic factors can help to reach a more accurate understanding of the cultural influences on the development of causal beliefs and mental health.

Family Caregivers of People with Dementia Have Poor Sleep Quality: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Previous studies have documented cognitive impairments, psychological stress, and depressive symptoms in family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD), which could be attributed to their sleep disturbances. Notwithstanding the increasing recognition of poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances in family caregivers of PWD, their association has not been tested yet using population-representative samples. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using population-based data from the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey. Sociodemographic, mental health-related, and physical health-related variables as well as sleep quality evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were compared between 2537 cohabitating caregivers of PWD, 8864 noncohabitating caregivers of PWD, and 190,278 non-caregivers. Two sets of multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to examine the associations between dementia caregiving and poor sleep quality in cohabitating and noncohabitating caregivers versus noncaregivers. Both cohabitating and noncohabitating caregivers had higher global PSQI scores and higher prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI score > 5) than did noncaregivers. Multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders revealed that cohabitating caregivers (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.38) and noncohabitating caregivers (OR 1.15, CI 1.10–1.21) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Our results showed that both cohabitating and noncohabitating caregivers of PWD experienced overall poorer sleep quality compared to noncaregivers, indicating the deleterious effect of dementia caregiving on sleep quality, regardless of living arrangements. Given the high prevalence of poor sleep quality in family caregivers of PWD and the increasing awareness of the serious health consequences of poor-quality sleep, physicians should consider active sleep interventions to promote health and wellbeing not only for the dementia patients but also for family caregivers.

Determinants of Positive and Negative Affect among Adolescents and Young Adults in Indonesia: A Population-Based Survey.

Positive and negative affect are crucial for mental health. However, the determinant factors of positive and negative affect have yet to be examined between adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to explore the determinant factors of positive and negative affect, comparing their effects among adolescents and young adults and among the two sexes in Indonesia. We undertook secondary data analyses of the Indonesia Family Life Survey for this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, physical and mental health-related variables, and childhood family experiences from 2014 were used as independent variables, and positive and negative affect were used as the dependent variables. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to investigate the factors associated with positive and negative affect and to compare their effects between adolescents and young adults. The hierarchical linear regression revealed that sociodemographic characteristics, perceived health, smoking, chronic condition, acute morbidity, sleep, childhood family experiences, depression, personality type, life satisfaction, happiness, and experience of disasters were associated with positive and negative affect among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Identification of positive and negative affect as well as their associated factors among adolescents and young adults should be considered when developing preventive programs in the community.

Association Between Sleep Quality and Falls: A Nationwide Population-Based Study from South Korea.

PurposeThere are few large studies evaluating the association between sleep quality and the risk of falls. We aimed to determine the independent effect of poor sleep quality on an increased risk of falls using a large-sample dataset.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using population-based data from the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey on 201,700 participants. Sociodemographic, mental health-related, and physical health-related variables as well as sleep quality evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were compared between 2499 fallers who have experienced at least one fall during the past 12 months and 199,201 non-fallers. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify sleep quality variables significantly associated with an increased risk of falls.ResultsFallers had poorer sleep quality (PSQI score >5) and higher scores for global PSQI and individual PSQI components than did non-fallers (all p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders including socioeconomic, physical health-related, and mental health-related variables showed that an increased risk of falls was associated with poor sleep quality (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.42). Subgroup analyses by age revealed that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with an increased risk of falls in all three adult age groups. Multivariable logistic regression using the seven PSQI components revealed that an increased risk of falls was associated with short sleep duration (OR 1.14, CI 1.09–1.20), increased sleep disturbances (OR 1.30, CI 1.16–1.46), and increased daytime dysfunctions (OR 1.21, CI 1.08–1.13).ConclusionPoor sleep quality caused by short sleep duration may be a principal risk factor of falls in adult populations. Increased sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunctions may also contribute to an increased risk of falls. Our results have clinical and public health perspectives that increasing sleep duration and reducing daytime dysfunctions and sleep disturbances could mitigate unintentional falls.