Mental Health Outcomes In Adults Research Articles

Trust in adolescence and depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: findings from a Swedish cohort

ObjectiveTrust and health are both fundamental elements of a socially sustainable society. While much research has shown that trust is associated with better mental health outcomes in adults, studies of young people are relatively scarce, despite the fact that mental health problems are common in young ages. In particular, there are few longitudinal studies that cover different dimensions of trust. Building on a previous study on trust and psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, the aim was to examine the links between generalised and institutional trust in adolescence and depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Data was obtained from a Swedish cohort study with self-reported information on generalised and institutional trust at ages 15–16 and 17–18 and depression and anxiety symptoms at age 20–21 (n = 2,668). Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and indicators of prior mental health status.ResultsBinary logistic and linear regressions showed that higher levels of generalised trust at ages 15–16 and 17–18 were inversely associated with depression and anxiety symptoms at age 20–21. Institutional trust was however not linked with subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms when adjusting for generalised trust and covariates. The findings indicate that generalised trust is a social determinant for mental health in young people.

Religiosity and spirituality in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Historically, religion has had a central role in shaping the psychosocial and moral development of young people. While religiosity and spirituality have been linked to positive mental health outcomes in adults, their role during the developmental context of adolescence, and the mechanisms through which such beliefs might operate, is less well understood. Moreover, there is some evidence that negative aspects of religiosity are associated with poor mental health outcomes. Guided by lived experience consultants, we undertook a systematic review and quality appraisal of 45 longitudinal studies and 29 intervention studies identified from three electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus) exploring the role of religiosity and spiritual involvement (formal and informal) in prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people aged 10 to 24 years. Most studies were from high-income countries and of low to moderate quality. Meta-analysis of high-quality longitudinal studies (assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools, n = 25) showed a trend towards association of negative religious coping (i.e., feeling abandoned by or blaming God) with greater depressive symptoms over time (Pearson’s r = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.009, 0.188) whereas spiritual wellbeing was protective against depression (Pearson’s r = -0.153, CI -0.187, -0.118). Personal importance of religion was not associated with depressive symptoms overall (Pearson’s r = -0.024, CI-0.053, 0.004). Interventions that involved religious and spiritual practices for depression and anxiety in young people were mostly effective, although the study quality was typically low and the heterogeneity in study designs did not allow for a meta-analysis. The lived experience consultants described spirituality and religious involvement as central to their way of life and greatly valued feeling watched over during difficult times. While we require more evidence from low- and middle-income countries, in younger adolescents and for anxiety disorders, the review provides insight into how spirituality and religious involvement could be harnessed to design novel psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in young people.Review RegistrationThe systematic review was funded by Wellcome Trust Mental Health Priority Area 'Active Ingredients' 2021 commission and registered with PROSPERO 2021 (CRD42021281912).

Testing 3 Digital Health Platforms to Improve Mental Health Outcomes in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Trial

ObjectiveOur aim in this study was to examine the potential impact of a 3-pronged digital health pilot intervention (TRIFECTA) on diabetes distress and depressive symptoms among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in British Columbia. MethodsWe recruited 60 adults with T1D (mean age 38.9±15.1 years, 75% female, 77% Caucasian) who participated in the 6-month pilot intervention involving 3 digital health platforms: monthly, provider-led, group-based sessions over Zoom (virtual huddles); a WhatsApp peer texting group; and a web-based “Ask-the-expert” portal. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6 months and measured diabetes distress (T1D Diabetes Distress Scale), depressive symptoms (9-item Personal Health Questionnaire), and TRIFECTA engagement metrics. ResultsParticipation in TRIFECTA was associated with significant reductions in Overall Distress (p=0.011) and 4 distress subscales: Powerlessness (p=0.006), Management Distress (p=0.001), Hypoglycemia Distress (p=0.029), and Eating Distress (p<0.001). A higher number of virtual huddles attended predicted lower Overall Distress (p=0.019) and Family/Friends Distress (p=0.023). A higher number of “Ask-the-expert” posts viewed predicted lower Overall Distress (p=0.046), whereas a higher number of WhatsApp messages posted predicted lower Management Distress (p=0.006). Furthermore, engagement in all 3 metrics was a predictor for lower Negative Social Perceptions Distress (p<0.05). No associations were seen in other distress subscales or for depressive symptoms. ConclusionsParticipation in TRIFECTA was linked to reduced diabetes distress levels, but not depressive symptoms, in a platform-dependent manner. This study provides promising pilot data for a subsequent large-scale and fully powered randomized controlled trial.

Effectiveness of nature-based walking interventions in improving mental health in adults: a systematic review

Nature-based walking interventions represent a low-cost, eco-friendly activity, designed to assist people in maintaining physical well-being and improving their mental-health status. This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence regarding the effectiveness of nature-based walking interventions in the improvement of mental health outcomes in adults. This paper draws upon Applied Social Sciences Index & s (ASSIA), PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science Core Collection, Doctoral thesis databases (ProQuest), and manual searches. Due to the heterogeneity of the eligible studies, a narrative synthesis was employed. The present review includes 1,209 adult participants, of whom 336 were female; it also involves 17 discrete studies. The evidence from this systematic review suggests that nature-based walking interventions can indeed improve adults’ moods, sense of optimism, mental well-being, and nature connectedness. They simultaneously mitigate stress, anxiety, and negative rumination. In addition, compared with urban walking, nature-based walking interventions may bring greater benefits vis-à-vis anxiety and rumination. This review contributes to the synthesis of evidence for nature-based walking interventions, and identifies several research gaps around the topic. In clinical practice, nature-based interventions may be used to relieve one’s negative mood, stress, and anxiety. To enhance treatment efficacy, however, they should be combined with formal modes of psychotherapy.

Efficacy of digital cognitive behavior therapy intervention on adults enrolled in mental wellness care program on Mfine Application

The 2020 pandemic witnessed a surge in mental health cases in India which undoubtedly paved the way for mass adherence of digital health and digital mental health services. Traditional mental health services have issues of scalability, accessibility, stigma &amp; cost effectiveness, and this can be resolved by digitizing these services. Since CBT is an evidence based therapeutic intervention validated by several research in the past, the current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a Digital Cognitive Behavior Therapy (dCBT) intervention delivered via Mfine application, on adults, using Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS21) before and after the intervention. For this purpose, a total of 150 adults who enrolled in the Mfine mental wellness program, from a time period of February 2021-September 2022 were selected. Data was collected via Mfine App. on video call by Rehabilitation Council of India certified clinical psychologists. 5 structured, 1-hour cognitive behavior therapy sessions were provided over a period of 2 months with an additional extension of 1 month for missed sessions, spaced between a gap of 10 days. Pre and post assessment scores were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20 for all the completers in the program (N=95). The results proved that the dCBT intervention was significantly effective in improving mental health outcomes in adults (p=.000 ). Our study holds the potential to support the development of evidence-based digital mental health interventions and address the barriers of scalability and stigma in mental health services.

720-P: Material Needs Security and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Lebanon

Despite their documented significance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, social determinants of health (SDOHs) including material needs security and mental health outcomes (herein referred to as depression and diabetes fatalism) are understudied in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study aims to assess the relation between material needs security and mental health outcomes in Lebanese adults with T2DM. Subjects with T2DM (N=299) were recruited from primary health care centers in Lebanon; sociodemographic, material need variables, depression measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Diabetes Fatalism measured by Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS) were used. Depression and diabetes fatalism were used as outcome variables. Most of the participants were men, married and with lower educational levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that having material needs security was associated with diabetes fatalism (β=-0.63(-1.13; -0.12)), and depression (β=-0.46(-0.78; -0.13)) after controlling for all relevant confounding variables. Results from the fully adjusted logistic regression model showed that material needs security (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69; p&amp;lt;0.001). Our study highlights the importance of material needs security on mental health outcomes for adults with T2DM in the MENA region. Clinicians are encouraged to assess impact of material needs on mental health outcomes. Further research is needed to understand potential pathways/mechanisms and options for effective interventions and policy making. Disclosure O.Sukkarieh: None. M.Bassil: None. L.E.Egede: None.

1059-P: Spotlight-AQ RCT and AI Results—Improving Physical and Mental Health Outcomes for Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Existing therapeutic interventions are well known, yet most people with diabetes do not consistently achieve blood glucose targets for optimal health, despite the large range of treatment options available. Aim: To explore the efficacy of a novel clinical intervention addressing physical and mental health within routine consultations across healthcare settings. Methods: A multi-centre, parallel group, individually randomised trial comparing consultation length in adults with T1D or T2D for ≥6 mths to the Spotlight Consultations platform compared to usual care. Secondary outcomes: HbA1c and validated measures of depression, diabetes distress, anxiety, functional health status and HCP burnout. Results: n=98 adults with T1D or T2D; any HbA1c and receiving any diabetes treatment participated (n=49 intervention). Consultation duration for intervention participants was reduced in intervention consultations by 0.5-4.1 mins (3-14%) versus no change in the control group (-0.9 - +1.28 mins) across 15 and 30 consultations. HbA1c improved in the intervention group by 6mmol/mol (range 0-30) versus control group 3mmol/mol (range 0-8). Moderate improvements in psychosocial outcomes observed in intervention group: functional health status; reduced anxiety, depression and diabetes distress; improved well-being. None were statistically significant. HCPs reported improved communication and greater focus in consultations. Artificial Intelligence examination highlighted therapy and psychological burden were most important in predicting HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Spotlight-AQ was associated with shorter, more useful consultations; with improved HbA1c and moderate benefits on psychosocial outcomes. Results reflect the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to routine care visits. Spotlight-AQ is viable across healthcare settings for improved outcomes. Disclosure K.Barnard: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Consultant; LifeScan Diabetes Institute, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Research Support; Novo Nordisk. R.C.Kelly: None. L.Cohen: None. E.Barnard: None. Y.Liu: None. P.Phiri: None. O.Mendez: None. H.Price: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly Alliance. Funding Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust

IDF2022-0929 TRIFECTA: Examining three digital health strategies to improve mental health outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes

IDF2022-0929 TRIFECTA: Examining three digital health strategies to improve mental health outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes

Childhood maltreatment is not associated with atopic dermatitis in adults: results from a cross-sectional population-based cohort study.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is related to poor physical and mental health outcomes in adults. Knowledge on the impact of CM on skin diseases is limited, and no study has previously addressed the association of CM with atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult age. To analyse the prevalence of CM in individuals with physician-diagnosed AD, and to examine the relationship between different types of CM with physician-diagnosed AD in a general population sample of German adults. Data from 2973 participants from the cross-sectional population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) TREND-0 were analysed (aged 20 to 83 years; 51.4% female). We administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) assessing emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect. AD was diagnosed by dermatologists in a standardized clinical examination. We conducted logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and school education to investigate the association of CM types with AD. Among all individuals with AD, 20.6% reported to have experienced at least one type of moderate or severe CM. Emotional and physical neglect were the most frequently reported CM types. Overall, the prevalence of CM types among individuals with AD did not differ from those among individuals without AD. We found no association of CM type with AD. This is the first study investigating the association of CM with AD in adults. CM was common in the present general population sample, emphasizing that CM is an important public health problem. Our findings suggest that CM is not a risk factor for AD. It might be hypothesized that AD severity is a crucial outcome, and that CM history is a factor with impact on disease severity and course rather than a risk factor for the development of AD. Longitudinal studies are required to address this question.

Mixed-methods investigation of barriers and needs in mental healthcare of adults with autism and recommendations for future care (BarrierfreeASD): study protocol

IntroductionAutism refers to an early-onset neurodevelopmental condition with characteristic impairments and difficulties in practical living skills, which persist across the lifespan such that adults with autism often require substantial support...

The role of self-compassion in the mental health of adults with ADHD.

Evidence suggests that the poorer mental health associated with attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is partially explained by adverse psychosocial correlates of the condition. As recent studies show that self-compassion is negatively associated with ADHD, this study investigates if levels of self-compassion may explain the mental health outcomes in people with ADHD compared to people without ADHD. A total of543 adults with ADHD (62.72% female, 18-67 years), and 313 adults without ADHD (66.45% female, 18-82 years) completed questionnaires online to measure levels of self-compassion and mental health. A Structural Equation Model assessed the mediating effect of self-compassion on the relationships between ADHD and well-being (psychological, emotional, and social), and ADHD and ill-being (depression, anxiety, and stress). Findings suggest that low self-compassion contributes to poorer mental health in adults with ADHD compared to adults without ADHD. Thus, self-compassion may be a potential target to improve mental health in this population. This study shows that self-compassion is an important factor in the mental health of adults with ADHD and provides preliminary evidence for the use of self-compassion interventions to improve mental health outcomes in adults with ADHD.

A Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial of Implementation-Intention-Based Self-Affirmation Interventions: Findings on Depression, Anxiety, and Well-being in Adults With Psoriasis.

This study builds on growing evidence on implementation-intention-based self-affirmation intervention effects on mental health. Using a factorial design, this pre-registered study aimed to further investigate whether (1) strengthening the element of specificity within body-related self-affirming implementation intention (BS-AII) intervention compared to general self-affirming implementation intention (S-AII) would provide greater improvements in mental health outcomes for adults with psoriasis, and (2) whether the addition of a booster component would result in enhancing effectiveness at follow-up. A total of 306 adults with psoriasis were assessed for eligibility and 222 (aged 18–71 years) were randomized and received S-AII, BS-AII, or MGI (mere goal intention—control condition). Within each group, participants were again randomized to booster (B) or no-booster condition in a 3 × 2 factorial design, resulting in six groups: S-AII; S-AII + B; BS-AII; BS-AII + B; MGI; and MGI + B. Data were collected over three-time points, at baseline, 2 weeks post-intervention, and at 1-month later. Three primary outcomes were defined as a reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms and enhancement of well-being. In terms of secondary outcomes, positive other- and self-directed feelings and also an emotional attitude toward the body were evaluated. To fully estimate intervention effects through intention-to-treat analysis, linear mixed models were used. A significant effect of time was observed, but no evidence of time-by-group interactions and no three-way interactions were detected. Exploratory analyses revealed two significant moderating effects of age and self-esteem, pointing to boundary conditions of the interventions. These findings offer to gain deeper insights on null (or negative) effects also reported in past works and highlight that self-affirmation interventions should be more thoroughly investigated and optimized before they can be broadly implemented in real-life contexts, especially to prevent backfiring and negative-enhancing effects.

A randomised controlled trial of a probiotic and a prebiotic examining metabolic and mental health outcomes in adults with pre-diabetes

AimsTo evaluate the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and/or cereal enriched with oat-derived beta-glucan (OBG) on metabolic and mental health outcomes when administered to adults with pre-diabetes.Design2×2 factorial...

A systematic review of studies on the role of age and gender in associations between greenspace and mental health

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Age and gender are two characteristics of individuals that play an important role in the prevalence of mental health. Globally, the burden of mental, neurological and substance use is higher in females compared with males. The burden of common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) increases gradually from adolescence to young age (10–29) and decreases gradually after mid-40s. OBJECTIVE: to systematically review observational epidemiological studies on greenspace metrics and mental health in adults, with a specific focus on identifying and critically appraising evidence on the effects of age and gender. METHODS: The detailed review protocol was registered in PROSPERO in November 2018 and is available online (registration number: CRD42018115862). Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were searched for observational epidemiological studies on different greenspace metrics and their associations with mental health outcomes in adults, with a focus on studies that assessed the effects of age and gender on those associations. Critical appraisal and risk of bias assessment were conducted to create grades of the studies. RESULTS:We identified 36 studies, including 10 longitudinal studies and 26 cross-sectional studies. These comprised 21 analyses that considered age, and 32 that considered gender-specific differences, respectively. However, methodological heterogeneity restricted meta-analysis. The epidemiological evidence of the effect of age and gender on the association between mental health and greenspaces is limited. Our review found that older aged adults and women may have slightly greater benefits from residential greenspace for some outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:Future studies are needed to further investigate the effects of age and gender in associations between residential greenspace and mental health outcomes. KEYWORDS: Greenspace, Mental Health, Age, Gender

Use of Geographic Information Systems to Explore Associations between Neighborhood Attributes and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background: Neighborhood attributes are increasingly recognized as factors shaping mental health in adults. Geographic information systems (GIS) offer an innovative approach for quantifying neighborhood attributes and studying their influence on mental health outcomes. Our aim was to describe GIS applications used in neighborhood-related mental health research and how neighborhood attributes are related to depressive symptoms or psychological distress in community-residing adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies published in English that included GIS techniques and a validated questionnaire of depressive symptoms or psychological distress. Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, GEOBASE, and Compedex were searched to June 2020. Study quality was assessed by a modification of the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Checklist for Analytical Cross-sectional Studies. Results: Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies varied in definitions of neighborhood and GIS-derived measurements of neighborhood attributes. Neighborhood attributes were significantly associated with mental health outcomes, although findings were not consistent. Moderating factors (e.g., gender, living conditions) significantly influenced depressive symptoms or psychological distress. Conclusion: Neighborhood attributes are important factors influencing mental health in adults. Consensus may be needed on how to standardize the neighborhood unit or GIS-derived measures of neighborhoods in order to explain depression or psychological distress in diverse adult populations.

Sex differences in physical and mental health following high-intensity interval training in adults with cardiovascular disease who completed cardiac rehabilitation.

This pre-post study examined sex-differences in peak aerobic power (V̇O2peak) and physical- and mental-health outcomes in adults with cardiovascular disease who completed high-intensity interval training (HIIT)-based cardiac rehabilitation. HIIT consisted of 25minutes of alternating higher- (4×4minutes 85-95% heart rate peak (HRpeak)) and lower- (3×3minutes 60-70% HRpeak) intensity intervals twice weekly for 10weeks. V̇O2peak estimated from a graded exercise test using the American College of Sports Medicine equation, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, blood biomarkers and anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were performed to examine differences over time between sexes. Of 140 participants (mean± standard deviation: 58 ± 9 years), 40 were female. Improvements in V̇O2peak did not differ between sexes (interaction: p= 0.273, females: 28.4 ± 6.4 to 30.9 ± 7.6; males: 34.3 ± 6.3 to 37.4 ± 6.0mL/kg/min). None of the time by sex interactions were significant. Significant main effects of time showed reductions in waist circumference, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and anxiety, and increases in V̇O2peak and HDL from baseline to follow-up. Significant main effects of sex revealed smaller V̇O2peak, BMI and waist circumference, and higher LDL, TC and HDL in females than males. HIIT led to similar improvements in estimated V̇O2peak (females: 8.8%, males: 9.0%) and additional health outcomes between sexes. Novelty: HIIT-based cardiac rehabilitation led to similar improvements in estimated V̇O2peak and other physical and mental health outcomes between sexes. The number of sessions attended was high (>70%) and did not differ by sex. Both sexes showed good compliance with the exercise protocol (HR target).

Association between handgrip strength and mental health in Korean adolescents.

Muscle strength is associated with adverse mental health outcomes in adults; however, few studies have examined this association among adolescents. This study investigated the association between handgrip strength and mental health in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. We performed a cross-sectional study of 3530 adolescent (12-18 years old) from the 2014-2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Handgrip strength was defined as the maximum measurement in kilograms from the dominant hand. Adverse mental health included the presence of perceived stress, depressive mood and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression models were used with adjustment for potential confounders. The mean age ± SD of the study participants was 14.9 ± 2.0 years. Girls (47.5% of participants) had poorer mental health than boys. For boys, each 1-kg increase in handgrip strength was associated with a 3% decrease in the odds of having perceived stress and depressive moods. For girls, there was a positive association between handgrip strength and perceived stress. The relationship between handgrip strength and perceived stress was dose dependent for both sexes. Low handgrip strength was associated with poor mental health among boys. Future research is required to validate our findings and to establish whether interventions to increase muscular strength can reduce the prevalence of perceived stress and depressive mood in boys.

Motoric Subtypes of Delirium and Long-Term Functional and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults After Critical Illness.

Adult ICU survivors that experience delirium are at high risk for developing new functional disabilities and mental health disorders. We sought to determine if individual motoric subtypes of delirium are associated with worse disability, depression, and/or post-traumatic stress disorder in ICU survivors. Secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study. Academic, community, and Veteran Affairs hospitals. Adult ICU survivors of respiratory failure and/or shock. We assessed delirium and level of consciousness using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU and Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale daily during hospitalization. We classified delirium as hypoactive (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale ≤ 0) or hyperactive (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale > 0). At 3- and 12-month postdischarge, we assessed for dependence in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Adjusting for baseline and inhospital covariates, multivariable regression examined the association of exposure to delirium motoric subtype and long-term outcomes. In our cohort of 556 adults with a median age of 62 years, hypoactive delirium was more common than hyperactive (68.9% vs 16.8%). Dependence on the activities of daily living was present in 37% at 3 months and 31% at 12 months, whereas dependence on instrumental activities of daily living was present in 63% at 3 months and 56% at 12 months. At both time points, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder rates were constant at 36% and 5%, respectively. Each additional day of hypoactive delirium was associated with higher instrumental activities of daily living dependence at 3 months only (0.24 points [95% CI, 0.07-0.41; p = 0.006]). There were no associations between the motoric delirium subtype and activities of daily living dependence, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Longer duration of hypoactive delirium, but not hyperactive, was associated with a minimal increase in early instrumental activities of daily living dependence scores in adult survivors of critical illness. Motoric delirium subtype was neither associated with early or late activities of daily living functional dependence or mental health outcomes, nor late instrumental activities of daily living functional dependence.

At-a-glance - An update on positive mental health among adults in Canada

This At-a-glance presents updated estimates for the Positive Mental Health Surveillance Indicator Framework for adults aged 18 years and older. Using data from the 2015 and 2017 Canadian Community Health Survey, we calculated the prevalence of positive mental health and associated determinants. Estimates for positive mental health outcomes for adults ranged from 68.1% to 87.1%. We also explored the associations between sociodemographic factors and positive mental health among adults in Canada. Our findings suggest sociodemographic differences in odds of self-rated mental health, happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological and social well-being.

Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses.

Globally, populations are ageing. Typically, physical activity levels decline and health worsens as we age; however, estimates of the impact of physical inactivity for population health often fail to specifically focus on older adults. Multiple databases were searched for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of longitudinal observational studies, investigating the relationship between physical activity and any physical or mental health outcome in adults aged ≥60years. Quality of included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR. Twenty-four systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. The majority of reviews were of moderate or high methodological quality. Physically active older adults (≥60years) are at a reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, breast and prostate cancer, fractures, recurrent falls, ADL disability and functional limitation and cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. They also experience healthier ageing trajectories, better quality of life and improved cognitive functioning. This review of reviews provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of epidemiological evidence from previously conducted research to assess the associations of physical activity with physical and mental health outcomes in older adults.