Mental Health Inventory-5 Score Research Articles

Predicting poor mental health among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nested cross-sectional study

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has worsened pre-existing vulnerabilities among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon, potentially impacting their mental health. The study aims to describe the evolution of poor mental health over...

Maternal Wellbeing Five Years after a Very Preterm Delivery: Prevalence and Influencing Factors in a European Cohort.

(1) Background: Mothers of very preterm (VPT) infants may experience psychological symptoms compromising long-term emotional wellbeing. This study describes the emotional wellbeing of mothers of five-year-old children born VPT. We assess the association between sociodemographic, perinatal and neonatal characteristics, and the child's health and development at five years old and maternal emotional wellbeing. (2) Methods: Data are from the prospective European "Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe" (EPICE) and subsequent "Screening for Health In very Preterm infantS in Europe" (SHIPS) projects including births <32 weeks' gestational age in 11 countries in 2011/12. Data were abstracted from obstetric and neonatal records. At five years old, 2605 mothers answered a parental questionnaire including the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). Associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the mother's MHI-5 score were investigated using multilevel multivariate linear regression analysis with the country modelled as a random effect and inverse probability weighting to correct for attrition bias. (3) Results: The mean MHI-5 score was 71.3 (SD 16.7) out of 100 (highest emotional wellbeing) with a variation among countries from 63.5 (SD 16.8; Poland) to 82.3 (SD 15.8; the Netherlands). MHI-5 scores were significantly lower for mothers whose child had a severe health problem, developmental, or speech delay, for multiparous and single mothers, and when at least one of the parents was unemployed. (4) Conclusions: The emotional wellbeing of mothers of VPT infants differs between European countries. Identifying sociodemographic characteristics and child's health and developmental conditions that affect maternal emotional wellbeing may help to identify groups of mothers who need special assistance to cope with consequences of the delivery of a VPT child.

Quarantweens - the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on preteen health and wellbeing in Ireland

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been dubbed the “biggest public health crisis since the Second World War”. In Ireland, schools were closed for 141 days, dramatically altering the day to day lives of children in Ireland. This research aimed to evaluate the overall wellbeing of schoolchildren in Ireland and capture the prevalence and factors contributing to poor mental health. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed based on data from the Growing Up in Ireland COVID-19 web survey of the ’08 Infant cohort. Mental Health Inventory-5 scores were used to assess children at risk of mental health disorders. Logistic regression examined associations between various demographic and psychosocial factors and risk of mental health disorders. Results This study included 2,867 primary caregiver- child dyads. Almost 25% of 12/13-year-olds were at risk of mental health disorders (MHDs). An adjusted logistic regression model found associations between being at higher risk of MHDs and factors such as reduced physical activity levels (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.66), spending less time outdoors (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18-1.85), increased screen-time (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.67) and increased arguments with PCGs (OR 3.44, 95% CI 2.78-4.27). Having a trusted adult confidante reduced the risk of MHD (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.45). Conclusions The prevalence of 12/13-year olds at elevated risk of MHD was high, indicating an urgent need for enhancement of child and adolescent mental health services in Ireland. Physical activity, time outdoors and supportive relationships with primary caregivers were positively associated with reduced MHD risk. Key messages • Children were impacted by the COVID-19 restriction measures in a way that was disproportionate to their risk. • To reduce the risk of poor mental health outcomes for a generation of “quarantweens” we need to place children front-andcentre of our response as we recover from COVID-19.

Mental wellbeing among urban young adults in a developing country: A Latent Profile Analysis.

IntroductionThis study aimed to explore the mental wellbeing profiles and their related factors among urban young adults in Vietnam.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam. There were 356 Vietnamese who completed the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) questionnaire. The Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify the subgroups of mental wellbeing through five items of the MHI-5 scale as the continuous variable. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors related to subgroups.ResultsThree classes represented three levels of MHI-5 score, which included “Poor mental health,” “Fair mental health,” and “Good mental health,” were, respectively, 14.3, 46.6, and 39.0%. Compared to a low household economy, participants with an average household economy had 2.11 and 4.79 times higher odds of being in a good mental health class relative to fair and poor mental health classes. Respondents with more than two acute symptoms had 3.85 times higher odds of being in a good mental health class relative to a poor mental health class, as compared to those without acute symptoms. Regarding the measurement of the Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), people having support from their family had 1.80 and 2.23 times higher odds of being in classes of fair and good mental health relative to the poor mental health class; and participants having friend support also had 1.87 times higher odds of being in a good mental health class compared with the fair mental health class, as the MSPSS score increased by 1 unit. People with Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale increased by 1 score, those who had 1.17, 1.26, and 1.47 times higher odds of being in a good compared to fair mental health class, fair compared to poor mental health class, and good compared to poor mental health class, respectively.ConclusionOur findings were given to promote a new classification method for mental health screening among the general population. The current findings could be used as evidence to develop policies and plans that focus on encouraging early screening for mental health problems among the general young population in the future.

682Do job stressor—mental health relationships vary by migrant status? An Australian comparative analysis

Abstract Background Migrants may be more likely to experience occupational health inequities (OHIs) than native-born workers due to higher occupational exposure, higher vulnerability to exposure-associated health impacts, or both. This study explores migrant status-related differences in vulnerability to job stressor exposures in terms of mental health in Australia. Methods Data were from wave 14 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Migrant status was defined by country of birth (COB), the dominant language of COB, and the years since arrival in Australia. Job stressors included skill discretion, decision authority, and job insecurity. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5 score (MHI-5). Data were analysed using linear regression, adjusting for gender, age, and education. Migrant status was analysed as the effect modifier of job stressor—mental health relationships. Results As expected, skill discretion and decision authority were positively, while job insecurity was negatively associated with the MHI-5 score. However, there was no statistical evidence of migrant status acting as an effect modifier of job stressor—mental health relationships even though the dominant language of COB and years since arrival in Australia have been taken into account. Conclusions The magnitudes of job stressor—mental health relationships do not differ between migrant workers and Australia-born workers. Key messages Differential exposure rather than differential vulnerability is a more important mechanism for generating occupational mental health inequities between migrants and Australian-born workers. Reducing job stressor exposures could reduce the OHIs among migrant workers in Australia.

1150Changes in job security and mental health over 14 waves of a working population survey

Abstract Background &amp; Methods We examined whether job security improvements were associated with improvements in mental health in a large Australian nationally representative panel study. We used both within-person fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) regression to analyse data from 14 annual waves covering calendar years 2002—2015 (19,169 persons, 106,942 observations). Mental Health Inventory-5 scores were modeled in relation to self-reported job security (categorical, quintiles), adjusting for age, year, education, and job change in the past year. Results Both FE and RE models showed stepwise improvements in MHI-5 scores with improving job security, with stronger exposure-outcome relationships in the RE models and for men compared to women. The RE coefficients for improvements in job security in males were 2.06 [1.67, 2.46] for one quintile, steadily increasing for two- (3.94 [3.54, 4.34]), three- (5.82 [5.40, 6.24]), and four- (7.18 [6.71, 7.64]) quintile improvements. The FE model for males produced slightly smaller coefficients, reaching a maximum of 5.55 [5.06, 6.05]. Supplementary analyses investigated whether six waves of cumulative exposure to job security (higher value = higher security) predicted MHI-5 score (improvement in mental health) in the seventh wave: results showed a strong dose-response (beta cumulative security was 0.60 [0.53-0.68]), with the difference between lowest and highest values of exposure corresponding to a 14-point increase in MHI-5 score. Conclusions These analyses, with improved causal inference over previous observational research, showed that improving job security is strongly associated with decreasing depression and anxiety symptoms. Key messages Policy and practice intervention to improve job security could benefit population mental health.

Do perceived social neighborhood factors explain the association between neighborhood age composition and mental health among Dutch older adults?

BackgroundIn the light of urbanization and aging, a crucially relevant policy question is how to shape neighborhoods to foster healthy aging. An important debate is whether older adults should group in neighborhoods, or whether a more mixed neighborhood age composition is more beneficial to health and well-being. We therefore assessed the association between neighborhood age structure and mental health and the mediating role of individual perceptions of neighborhood social factors.MethodsWe conducted multivariable linear regression models and causal mediation analyses in 1255 older adults of the Dutch Globe study. The neighborhood age structure was measured in 2011 as the homogeneity of the age composition (using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, range from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating more homogeneity) and the percentage of specific age groups in a neighborhood. Mental health was measured in 2014 by the Mental Health Inventory-5 score (range 0 to 100, a higher score indicating better mental health). Potential mediators were assessed in 2011 and included perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, feeling at home in a neighborhood, and social participation.ResultsA more homogeneous age composition (not specified for age) and a higher percentage of children living in a neighborhood were associated with better mental health, the other age categories were not. Social cohesion, feeling at home and social participation did not mediate the associations.ConclusionsThe neighborhood age composition may be an interesting but currently insufficiently understood entry point for policies to improve older adult’s mental health status.

Psychosocial job characteristics and mental health: Do associations differ by migrant status in an Australian working population sample?

Migrant workers may experience higher burdens of occupational injury and illness compared to native-born workers, which may be due to the differential exposure to occupational hazards, differential vulnerability to exposure-associated health impacts, or both. This study aims to assess if the relationships between psychosocial job characteristics and mental health vary by migrant status in Australia (differential vulnerability). A total of 8969 persons from wave 14 (2014-2015) of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey were included in the analysis. Psychosocial job characteristics included skill discretion, decision authority and job insecurity. Mental health was assessed via a Mental Health Inventory-5 score (MHI-5), with a higher score indicating better mental health. Migrant status was defined by (i) country of birth (COB), (ii) the combination of COB and English/Non-English dominant language of COB and (iii) the combination of COB and years since arrival in Australia. Data were analysed using linear regression, adjusting for gender, age and educational attainment. Migrant status was analysed as an effect modifier of the relationships between psychosocial job characteristics and mental health. Skill discretion and decision authority were positively associated with the MHI-5 score while job insecurity was negatively associated with the MHI-5 score. We found no statistical evidence of migrant status acting as an effect modifier of the psychosocial job characteristic-MHI-5 relationships. With respect to psychosocial job characteristic-mental health relationships, these results suggest that differential exposure to job stressors is a more important mechanism than differential vulnerability for generating occupational health inequities between migrants and native-born workers in Australia.

Changes in Job Security and Mental Health: An Analysis of 14 Annual Waves of an Australian Working-Population Panel Survey.

We examined whether job security improvements were associated with improvements in mental health in a large, nationally representative panel study in Australia. We used both within-person fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) regression to analyze data from 14 annual waves covering the calendar period of 2002-2015 (19,169 persons; 106,942 observations). Mental Health Inventory-5 scores were modeled in relation to self-reported job security (categorical, quintiles), adjusting for age, year, education, and job change in the past year. Both FE and RE models showed stepwise improvements in Mental Health Inventory-5 scores with improving job security, with stronger exposure-outcome relationships in the RE models and for men compared with women. The RE coefficients for improvements in job security in men were 2.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67, 2.46) for 1 quintile, steadily increasing for 2- (3.94 (95% CI: 3.54, 4.34)), 3- (5.82 (95% CI: 5.40, 6.24)), and 4-quintile (7.18 (95% CI: 6.71, 7.64)) improvements. The FE model for men produced slightly smaller coefficients, reaching a maximum of 5.55 (95% CI: 5.06, 6.05). This analysis, with improved causal inference over previous observational research, showed that improving job security is strongly associated with decreasing depression and anxiety symptoms. Policy and practice intervention to improve job security could benefit population mental health.

TELEmedicine for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TELE-IBD) Does Not Improve Depressive Symptoms or General Quality of Life Compared With Standard Care at Tertiary Referral Centers.

BackgroundDepression is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and contributes to poor quality of life (QoL). The use of information technology for the remote management of patients with IBD is growing, but little is known about its impact on depressive symptoms (DS) and QoL. We aimed to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on DS and generic QoL in IBD patients.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Telemedicine for Patients with IBD (TELE-IBD) study. During this 12-month clinical trial, patients were randomized to receive text message-based telemedicine weekly (TELE-IBD W), every other week (TELE-IBD EOW), or to standard care. Depressive symptoms and QoL were assessed over time with the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5) and the Short Form 12 (SF-12), respectively. We compared the change in MHI-5 and SF-12 (with separate physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores) between the study arms.ResultsA total of 217 participants were included in this analysis. After 1 year, there was no significant difference in the change in MHI-5 (TELE-IBD W +3.0 vs TELE-IBD EOW +0.7 vs standard care +3.4; P = 0.70), MCS (TELE-IBD W +1.4 vs TELE-IBD EOW +1.0 vs standard care +2.5; P = 0.89), and PCS scores (TELE-IBD W +0.4 vs TELE-IBD EOW +0.6 vs standard care +3.7; P = 0.06) between the groups.ConclusionsText message-based telemedicine does not improve DS or QoL when compared with standard care in IBD patients treated at tertiary referral centers. Further studies are needed to determine whether telemedicine improves DS or QoL in settings with few resources.

The neighborhood age structure and mental health

Abstract Background Against the background of urbanization and aging and the aim to design age-friendly cities, it is crucially important to understand whether and why older adults’ health may benefit from being surrounded by older peers mainly, or by residents from all ages. We assessed the association between neighborhood age structure and mental health and the mediating role of social neighborhood perceptions. Methods Survey data were obtained from 1255 older adults aged 65 years and over, participating in the Dutch GLOBE study. The neighborhood age structure, measured in 2011, was defined as the Herfindahl-Hirschman index to assess homogeneity in the age composition (range from 0-100, a higher score indicating more homogeneity) and percentages of different age groups in a neighborhood. Mental health was measured in 2014 by the Mental Health Inventory-5 score, ranging from 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates better mental health. Perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, feeling at home in a neighborhood, and social participation was assessed in 2011. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of neighborhood age composition with mental health. Causal mediation analysis was used to assess the potential mediating role of social neighborhood perceptions. Results A more homogeneous neighborhood age structure was associated with better mental health status. Feeling at home in a neighborhood partly mediated the association, whereas social cohesion and social participation did not mediate the association. While a higher percentage of children in the neighborhood was associated with better mental health, a higher percentage of elderly in the neighborhood was associated with lower mental health status. Conclusions The neighborhood age composition is a promising, but currently insufficiently understood, entry point for policies addressing the challenge of growing urban and aging European cities. Key messages The neighborhood age composition is a promising, but currently insufficiently understood, entry point for policies addressing the challenge of growing urban and aging European cities. Feeling at home in a neighborhood partly mediated the association between neighborhood age structure and mental health; social cohesion and social participation did not mediate the association.

Cross-Sectional Survey Results on Mental Health Among Orthopedic Surgery Residents Across North America

With recent increasing rates of medical student and physician suicide, there has been a focus on examining depression in medical providers and trainees, particularly surgical residents. However, there is a paucity of data specific to orthopedic surgery. Our goal was to evaluate the mental health status of current trainees across North America in order to determine whether or not there were specific demographic or program characteristics correlated with improved mental health scores. A cross-sectional survey was developed and administered to collect basic demographic information as well as residency program qualities. The Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5) was used to assess depression and anxiety in study participants. We then evaluated the associations between various resident and program characteristics and depression scores with a p value set at <0.05 for significance. Orthopedic Surgery residency programs across the United States and Canada. Surveys were distributed to 44 programs and responses were received from 41 of those programs. An anonymous survey was distributed to Orthopedic Surgery residents across the United States and Canada; participation in the survey was voluntary and free of coercion. We received a total of 279 responses from 41 institutions across North America. The mean MHI-5 score of all respondents was 71.5 (range 8.0-100). Women, PGY2 and PGY3 residents and those working >80 hours per week were found to have significantly lower MHI-5 scores. Greater MHI-5 scores were seen in respondents who felt their program offered them an adequate level of surgical independence, case volume/variety, mentorship, and educational opportunities as well as adequate resources to deal with personal or work-related issues. This study illustrates the prevalence of low-level depression in United States and Canadian orthopedic surgery residents. Additionally, we identified several characteristics that residency programs may focus on to help prevent burnout and depression in trainees.

Effect of Mental Health Status on Arrhythmia Recurrence After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation suffer more from anxiety and depression than the general population. This study sought to evaluate the association between mental health status and recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) after catheter ablation. MethodsA total of 448 patients who underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this single-centre prospective cohort study. Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) was used to assess the mental health status at the end of the blanking period after ablation and lower scores indicated poorer mental health status. Patients with no early recurrence of AT during the blanking period were included for analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between mental health status and risk of arrhythmia recurrence in the following 3 months. ResultsAmong 335 patients without early recurrence during the blanking period, 36 patients (10.7%) experienced AT recurrence in the 3 months after the mental health status evaluation. Recurrence rates were 35.7%, 13.5%, 10.6%, and 4.6% in patients with an MHI-5 score of 0-52, 53-75, 76-85, and 86-100, respectively (overall P = 0.004). A significant association between low MHI-5 scores and AT recurrence was observed after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio: 8.81 [1.93-40.22], P = 0.005 for the MHI-5 score of 0-52 and 3.61 [1.05-12.35], P = 0.041 for the MHI-5 score of 53-75, compared with an MHI-5 score of 86-100). ConclusionsA poorer mental health status is associated with AT recurrence after catheter ablation. Intervention studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of counselling and psychological support after ablation in improving success rates in these patients.

Family violence among female medical students: Its prevalence and impact on their mental health status – A cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives Violence against women is recognized worldwide as a major public health problem. Studies show that violence affects the mental well-being of the victims. The study explores the prevalence of family violence among Saudi female medical students and its relationship with students' mental well-being and seeks to identify the effect of violence on students' academic achievements. Methods This was a cross-sectional study on 1st- to 5th-year Saudi female medical students, utilizing a validated violence screening questionnaire that asked the respondents about how often they were physically Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with harm, and Screamed at (HITS). Furthermore, the study administered a validated mental well-being questionnaire, the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5), for the assessment of the mental status of the respondents. The analyses included simple univariate analyses, bivariate analyses and linear regression modelling. Results Of the total of 460 Saudi female medical students, 363 (79%) students participated in this study. Nineteen (5.3%) students confirmed being the victims of family violence. The victims had a mean MHI-5 score of 52%. A negative correlation was observed between violence and mental well-being scores. Significant association between the MHI-5 score and academic achievement was observed. Conclusion The prevalence of family violence in this study is less than the reported figures in other studies. We could not demonstrate a direct relationship between family violence and academic achievement. Students' academic achievement was indirectly associated with the presence of family violence through changes in mental well-being.

Psychological distress, cardiovascular complications and mortality among people with screen-detected type 2 diabetes: follow-up of the ADDITION-Denmark trial

The aim of this study was to examine the association between psychological distress and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality in patients with screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, we explored whether or not metabolic control and medication adherence could explain part of this association. A follow-up study was performed including 1,533 patients aged 40-69 years with screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus identified in general practice during 2001-2006 in the Denmark arm of the ADDITION (Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care) study. Mental health was measured at baseline with the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5). Psychological distress was defined as an MHI-5 score of ≤ 68 (18.2% of the population). CVD risk factors were measured at baseline and repeated at the follow-up examination. Information on death, hospital discharge diagnosis, and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug treatment was obtained from national registers. Cox proportional regression was used to estimate HRs for the association between psychological distress, CVD events and all-cause mortality. Age- and sex-adjusted risk difference analyses were performed to estimate differences in meeting treatment targets. Patients with psychological distress had a 1.8-fold higher mortality rate (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.23, 2.53) and a 1.7-fold higher risk of having a CVD event (HR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.05, 2.70) compared with those with an MHI-5 score of >68. Overall, psychological distress was not associated with the ability to meet treatment targets for HbA1c levels, cholesterol levels or BP, or to redeem antihypertensive or lipid-lowering drug treatment. In people detected and treated early in the diabetes disease trajectory, those with psychological distress at the time of diagnosis had a higher risk of CVD events and death than those without psychological distress.

Changes in distress of psychiatric in-patients after the changeover of junior psychiatric trainees as a function of attachment style: A pilot study

Background and Objectives: Therapists, including psychiatrists, may act as attachment figures. Rotational training schemes necessitate the regular and frequent ending of therapeutic relationships. The effects on patients are rarely studied. This is a pilot prospective study to evaluate whether relative distress in adult psychiatric in-patients follows change in trainee psychiatrists; whether differences in distress are mediated by patient attachment style; and to provide data for power calculation. Methods: Twenty adult in-patients were assessed using the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5) scale before and after changeover of psychiatric trainees; attachment style was assessed prior to the changeover. Qualitative data were also collected. Results: The average MHI-5 scores improved with time (p = 0.021). Less improvement correlated with higher score on preoccupied attachment (rho = 0.41, p1-tail <0.05). A nonsignificantly stronger improvement was seen with secure/dismissing styles compared to preoccupied/fearful styles (p1-tail = 0.08). Based on these results, a study of at least 87 patients is likely to produce a statistically significant result. Most patients were not aware a staff change was due and would like to be informed by their clinical team. Conclusions: Relative distress following junior trainee changeover may have a link with patients� attachment styles.

Depressive Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease

To study the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and depressive symptoms in men with coronary artery disease (CAD). A cross-sectional analysis of data obtained during a prospective study was carried out. A cohort of men undergoing coronary angiography filled-out the sexual health inventory for males (SHIM) and the mental health inventory 5 (MHI5) questionnaires for detection and severity assessment of both ED and depressive symptoms. CAD documented by coronary angiography was defined as > or = 50% stenosis in at least one of the major epicardial coronary arteries. Overall, 242 men, with a mean age of 63.7 +/- 12.0 years, were included in the study. ED and depressive symptoms were found in 76% and 47.9% of men, respectively, whereas 94 (38.8%) men suffered from both. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the mean age were significantly higher, whereas the mean MHI5 scores were significantly lower, in the group with ED than that without. ED was associated independently with age (P <.0001) and depressive symptoms (P = .007), but not with the number of obstructed coronary arteries, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or smoking. After controlling for age and diabetes mellitus, the scores of SHIM were positively correlated with MHI5 scores (r = .14; P = .03). These results validate the high prevalence of both ED and depressive symptoms in men with CAD. ED in men with CAD might be associated with age and depressive symptoms.

Characteristics of adult women who abstain from sexual intercourse

ObjectivesTo evaluate demographic and behavioural characteristics of sexually active women compared to those who had abstained from intercourse in the past 6 months.MethodsThe study participants were women of childbearing age...