Mental Growth Of Children Research Articles

Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning.

Neuroscience applied to motor activity is a growing area that aims to understand the effects of motor activity on the structures and functions of the Central Nervous System. Attention has been paid to this multidisciplinary field of investigation by the scientific community both because it is of great importance in the treatment of many chronic diseases and because of its potential applications in the Movement Sciences. Motor activity during a developmental age is, in fact, an indispensable tool for the physical and mental growth of children, both able-bodied and disabled. Through movement, individuals can improve their physical efficiency and promote their own better health, establish relationships with the environment and others, express themselves and their emotions, form their identity and develop cognitive processes. This literature review aims, therefore, to highlight how an adequate practice of motor activity offers extraordinary possibilities for everyone in relation to learning, from the perspective of an integral development of the person, and, consequently, can raise the awareness of those involved in the training and growth, especially the youngest, towards the educational value of motor and sports activities. According to this review, and in line with the modern neuroscientific approach toward the relationships between motor activities and cognitive functions, it is possible to claim that hypokinesia tends to inhibit learning. Therefore, it now seems more topical than ever to draw attention to the need to introduce working proposals that integrate brain-based motor activity programs into the school curriculum.

The role of physical activity in the physiological activation of the scholastic pre-requirements.

Physical activity during the developmental age is an indispensable tool for the physical and mental growth of children. Thanks to physical activity, individuals have the opportunity to improve their physical efficiency and promote better health, establish relationships with the environment and with others, and develop cognitive processes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between physical activity and the development of scholastic prerequisites among kindergarten children. 52 children (aged 4-5) participated in either a classroom-based physical activity program (60'/3 days per week) or regular lessons. At the beginning and end of the intervention programs, a set of standardized motor evaluation tests and the Observational Questionnaire for the Early Identification of Learning Disabilities (IPDA) were administered. As a result, a meaningful Time x Group interaction for the IPDA Variable was observed. The aforementioned development denotes a noteworthy advancement within the treatment group (p < 0.001). Conversely, no substantial modification was noted in the control group. The findings derived from this study provide a foundational support to the concept that physical activity integrated into classroom settings is an effective strategy to improve both scholastic prerequisites and academic performance.

A Unique Association of Recurrent Swollen Lymph Nodes and Sweet Products in Pediatrics: A Cross Sectional Analysis in Rural Population of KPK

Introduction: The current study was aimed to investigate the association of dental caries with sweet products (especially sweetened milk at night) with lympha- denopathy in pediatrics. There is a well established mechanism of sweets with dental caries, and such caries can be the cause of recurrent lymphadenopathy. Methodology: A total 201 patients were assessed at pediatric and dental clinic, patients of ages 1 to 5 years having recurrent lymphadenopathy and dental caries were included while the rest were excluded. They were evaluated for a number of parameters including dental caries grading, raised TLC, body temperature, pain, addiction towards sweets, hunger status, difficulty in chewing, sleep habits, social behavior, while their parents were interviewed regarding awareness about dental caries. Results: It was observed that 90% of the patients were addicted to sweets, and 79% were having grade 4 dental caries, 82% were having aggressive behavior, 91% were having pyrexia, 94% were having raised TLC, 75% were in severe pain, 88% were facing difficulty in chewing solid food, 61% were underweight, 58% were anorexic, while 98% of the parent were not having any proper knowledge about caries development. The practical implication of the study is to develop new strategies to minimize the consumption of sugary products that are the ultimate cause of dental caries. Such caries are then responsible for a number of issues including swollen lymph nodes. Conclusion: All these issues may have a worst impact on the social, physical and mental growth of children. As all the patients were having recurrent lymphadenitis, yet it can be claimed that dental caries are among the primary causes. Keywords: Dental caries; Lymphadenopathy; Pediatrics; Street sweets; Sweetened Milk

A study of anemia profile in a research hospital in Telangana, South India

Background: Anemia is widespread public health problem with 1.62 billion people affected globally. In India, Anemia is considered a major health problem. Children, women of child bearing age and pregnant women are more prone to develop anemia. Anemia affects the physical and mental growth of children, associated with increase maternal and fetal mortality, leads to reduced work productivity in adults. The present study was undertaken to determine prevalence and severity of anemia among patients who attended the outpatient clinics of a Unani research hospital in Telangana.Methods: This hospital based retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 to investigate the prevalence, type, and determinants of anemia. The complete haemogram values of all the patients who underwent haemogram investigation were noted, information was compiled, tabulated, and analysed. Descriptive statistics were computed with percentages, mean, standard deviation, and student’s t-test was used find the significance of study parameters.Results: Prevalence of anemia was 26.2% (872/3326), high prevalence of anemia was observed in females (44.04%) compared to males (5.72%) (p&lt;0.0001). The prevalence was more in reproductive age group (58.6%). Moderate anemia (58.6%) was more prevalent followed by mild anemia (36.6%). Microcytic hypochromic blood picture predominates with the incidence of 53.6% followed by normocytic blood picture 42.2%.Conclusions: Results confirmed high prevalence of anemia in females and moderate anemia being more prevalent followed by mild anemia and majority of anemia cases were microcytic, suggesting iron deficiency as the main cause of anemia.

A Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Pediatric Hair and Scalp Disorders

Background: Hair and scalp disorders are a common complaint in dermatology clinics and can be caused by several conditions, reflected in a specific diagnosis. Also, this problem is of prime concern in the pediatric population as it is associated with more significant psychological consequences in this growing age group. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of hair and scalp disorders in children attending to the Pediatrics and Dermatology Outpatient Clinics. Patients and methods: The current study included 1000 children attending the outpatient pediatric and Dermatology clinics in Alazher University Assiut within the period from June 2019 to April 2020, from them 200 children were diagnosed with hair disorder. All children were subjected to; thorough history taking, general and local examination, and dermoscopic examination. Results: In the present study we noticed that; male to female ratio was 0.8:1. The age groups with the largest and smallest numbers of children were those of children aged 10-12 and 1-3 years, respectively. Alopecia areata represented 15% of the studied patients. 10% of the included patients had seborrheic dermatitis. Pediculosis capitis was evident in 14% of the studied population. Tinea capitis was evident in 15% of the study population. Infectious causes were the most common causes of hair disorders in our study. Alopecia areata represented 15% of the studied patients.there is a significant difference value in tinea capitis and pediculosis capitis in urban than rural areas and there is a significant difference value in seborrheic dermatitis and alopecia areata in rural than urban areas. In the current study, malnutrition was evident in 30% of children with scalp diseases. Conclusion: Hair and scalp disorder in children is a common complaint in pediatrics clinics, and it is considered a challenge for pediatricians for reaching a proper diagnosis and therapy. Early management is needed, as it affects the normal physical and mental growth of children.

The Moderating Role of Locus of Control in the Relationship between Dimension of Family Communication Patterns and Criticawl Thinking Disposition of High School Students

To have a good and successful life, have had life skills. One of these skills, critical thinking is its tendency, to help people through information and events that have disrupted the search for truth. While critical thinkingjudgment is wise or thoughtful Decision (Fasioneh, 2011). Tendency to critical thinking habit is that person's intrinsic motivation and desire to use their critical thinking skills to motivate Without it, the person tends not to use their critical thinking skills (Fasioneh, 2011). Experts emphasized the importance of critical thinking, has led them to identify the components of this tendency to pay. For example Ricketts (2003) Three trends to list the critical thinker. Ricketts (2003) acknowledges that critical thinking involves creativity, cognitive maturity and mental involvement. The purpose of the initiative intelligent and creative person's tendency to be curious to discover new realities. Cognitive maturity means that the person knows to what extent the complexity of real problems And according to their knowledge and understanding that others, to what extent is able to accept the views of others. Involvement, willingness to argue and argue and confidence in their ability to predict the required position in the field of argument. Many factors are involved in the formation of the components of critical thinking. It seems that one of them is family. In this study, family communication patterns occur as an environmental factor affecting critical thinking is studied. In the early grades children's mental growth of children in the family is based. Because, warmth and affection in the family environment, strengthening self-esteem and develop a positive and constructive force children is very important It can make them healthy, creative and self-confident and develop logical. Attitude and communication that family members have with each other is different. So, the effect can vary in other behavior. Researchers have tried to identify patterns of family relations (Fitz Patrick, Ritchie, 1994; MacLeod & Chefy, 1972; quoted in Koemer & Fitzpatrick) One feature of the dimensions of personality, critical thinking and communication patterns linked to family, belief in people's ability to control the outcome of their lives or the source control. Rutter (1954) on the concept of internal and external locus of control refers to the following hypothetical. Their successes and failures-a group that generally the person (effort or personal ability) are compared, Individuals with internal locus of control are called the second group the successes and failures of their own usually outside factors (luck or difficult situations) are compared, They called external locus of control (Seif, 2007). Source control is an important variable in explaining and describing the behavior of the function. This variable can be a catalyst for progress or a deterrent to progress and acquire new skills to work. This study seeks to answer the question whether the source control moderating role in the relationship between family communication patterns and critical thinking plays?History researchIn the relationship between locus of control and maturity can be cited a handful of evidence. For example, News (1989), based on the results of his research, which declared independence in decision making significant relationship between locus of control and there. Ashby (2002) showed that people who have internal locus of control, Also have more control over your life and see to their lives, they feel more responsibility. In addition to these findings, Bahadir and colleagues (2014). Found that locus of control and significant negative correlation with intellectual trends systematic and critical thinking That is conceptually close to the components of cognitive maturity. Semerci (2011), the study examines the relationship focused on achievement motivation, critical thinking tendency to pay. The results of this study, he showed that a significant positive relationship between motivation and component focused on the development of critical thinking in there confident. …

Protein- and zinc-deficient diets modulate the murine microbiome and metabolic phenotype

Background: Environmental enteropathy, which is linked to undernutrition and chronic infections, affects the physical and mental growth of children in developing areas worldwide. Key to understanding how these factors combine to shape developmental outcomes is to first understand the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the mammalian system including the effect on the gut microbiota.Objective: We dissected the nutritional components of environmental enteropathy by analyzing the specific metabolic and gut-microbiota changes that occur in weaned-mouse models of zinc or protein deficiency compared with well-nourished controls.Design: With the use of a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy–based metabolic profiling approach with matching 16S microbiota analyses, the metabolic consequences and specific effects on the fecal microbiota of protein and zinc deficiency were probed independently in a murine model.Results: We showed considerable shifts within the intestinal microbiota 14–24 d postweaning in mice that were maintained on a normal diet (including increases in Proteobacteria and striking decreases in Bacterioidetes). Although the zinc-deficient microbiota were comparable to the age-matched, well-nourished profile, the protein-restricted microbiota remained closer in composition to the weaned enterotype with retention of Bacteroidetes. Striking increases in Verrucomicrobia (predominantly Akkermansia muciniphila) were observed in both well-nourished and protein-deficient mice 14 d postweaning. We showed that protein malnutrition impaired growth and had major metabolic consequences (much more than with zinc deficiency) that included altered energy, polyamine, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Consistent with major changes in the gut microbiota, reductions in microbial proteolysis and increases in microbial dietary choline processing were observed.Conclusions: These findings are consistent with metabolic alterations that we previously observed in malnourished children. The results show that we can model the metabolic consequences of malnutrition in the mouse to help dissect relevant pathways involved in the effects of undernutrition and their contribution to environmental enteric dysfunction.

Essential Role of Vitamin C and Zinc in Child Immunity and Health

With the progressive elimination of dietary protein-energy deficits, deficiencies of micronutrients are emerging as the limiting factors in ensuring children's optimal health. Data from several countries in Asia and Latin America indicate that deficiencies of vitamin C and zinc continue to be at alarming levels. This article reviews the roles of vitamin C and zinc in supporting children's growth and development, with a particular focus on the complementary roles they play in supporting immune functions and combating infections. The contemporary relevance of vitamin C and zinc deficiency in the Asian and Latin American regions, both undergoing a rapid nutritional transition, are also discussed. Overall, there is increasing evidence that deficiency of vitamin C and zinc adversely affects the physical and mental growth of children and can impair their immune defences. Nutrition should be the main vehicle for providing these essential nutrients; however, supplementation can represent a valid support method, especially in developing regions.

NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, A COMPARISON AMONG STUDENTS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF PAKISTAN

Background: Balanced diet and optimal physical activity are necessary to maintain health and prevent diseases. Physical and mental growth of children is affected adversely by nutritional imbalance and lack of physical activity. The main factors which are responsible for nutritional imbalance are inadequate food intake and poor health status due to poverty, lack of access to food and family size. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. Children and adolescents are at higher risk to nutritional imbalance. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, a structured questionnaire was filled by 332 students of different age groups (11_16 years) in different public and private schools of Islamabad and Rawalpindi for 3 months. Sampling technique was simple random sampling. Results: The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 332 respondents111 (33.3%) belonged to low socioeconomic class, 111 (33.3%) of middle class and 110 (33.2%) of high class. The age of respondents was found similar in the three SES categories (p-value = 0.10) While calculating the BMI in three socio-economic classes (SES), we found that incidence of underweight (BMI &lt;18.5) was higher in respondents from low SES while that of preobesity (BMI 25_29) was higher in high SES. No significant difference was found in normal and obese respondents among different SES. The incidence of adequate physical activity was slightly higher in respondents of low SES. Conclusion: the incidence of nutritional imbalance and physical activity is significantly different in population of different socioeconomic status

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:The Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years: By F. L. Goodenough and K. M. Maurer.Who Shall be Educated? The Challenge of Unequal Opportunities: By W. Lloyd Warner, R. J. Hanighurst and M. B. Loeb.The Education of Junior Citizens: By Brian Stanley.The Evaluation of Education in Barbados: By Director of Education, Barbados.Clubs for Citizens: By Mary Nicholson.Citizenship through English: By M. J. P. Laurence.Youth Service in an English County: By L. J. Barnes.

The Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years

The Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years

The Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years: A Study of the Predictive Value of the Minnesota Preschool Scales. Florence L. Goodenough , Katharine M. Maurer

Previous articleNext article No AccessEducational WritingsThe Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years: A Study of the Predictive Value of the Minnesota Preschool Scales. Florence L. Goodenough , Katharine M. Maurer Gustav J. FroehlichGustav J. Froehlich Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Elementary School Journal Volume 43, Number 6Feb., 1943 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/458185 Views: 1Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The mental growth of children from two to fourteen years: A study of the predictive value of the Minnesota Preschool Scales.

The mental growth of children from two to fourteen years: A study of the predictive value of the Minnesota Preschool Scales.

The Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years

The Mental Growth of Children from Two to Fourteen Years William S. Langford CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.32.12.1406-b Published Online: August 29, 2011

The Effect of Nursery-School Attendance upon Mental Growth of Children

The Effect of Nursery-School Attendance upon Mental Growth of Children

Some Iowa Studies of the Mental Growth of Children in Relation to Differentials of the Environment: A Summary

Some Iowa Studies of the Mental Growth of Children in Relation to Differentials of the Environment: A Summary

Mental Growth of Children in Relation to the Rate of Growth in Bodily Development

Mental Growth of Children in Relation to the Rate of Growth in Bodily Development John D. McCarthy CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.16.6.636-c Published Online: August 30, 2011

Mental Growth of Children in Relation to Rate of Growth in Bodily Development. Buford J. Johnson

Mental Growth of Children in Relation to Rate of Growth in Bodily Development. Buford J. Johnson

Review of Mental Growth of Children.

Review of Mental Growth of Children.

Mental Growth of Children in Relation to Rate of Growth in Bodily Development. A Report of the Bureau of Educational Experiments, New York City.

Mental Growth of Children in Relation to Rate of Growth in Bodily Development. A Report of the Bureau of Educational Experiments, New York City.