Mental Function In Patients Research Articles

Neuropsychological syndromes of disorders of mnestic activity in patients with strokes in the right (subdominant) hemisphere

The work carried out a neuropsychological assessment of different types of memory and determined the profiles of mnestic disorders depending on the type of hemispheric asymmetry and localization of the lesion. The analysis of the features of the course of stroke in the right (subdominant) hemisphere was carried out. The main symptoms of impaired types of memory, for which the subdominant hemisphere is responsible, were studied. The presented data correlate with the data found in the world literature: stroke in the subdominant hemisphere has a less pronounced effect on memory impairment, is associated with a better prognosis, while visual memory, spatial, logical, and mechanical suffer more often. A detailed topographic analysis of the syndromatics is presented, comparing instrumental data on visualization of the lesion and psychological tests that reveal a deficiency of a particular type of memory. The data obtained make it possible to identify targets and opportunities for early neuropsychological correction of disorders by attracting compensatory brain capabilities, which is important when planning an individual rehabilitation program. The analysis of mnestic activity in patients with strokes in the right (subdominant) hemisphere was carried out. The applied set of patho- and neuropsychological methods: The Wexler memory scale, Indirect memorization according to A.N. Leontiev, the "Pictograms" technique, Benton's Visual retention, the "Memorizing 10 words" Technique, the "Memorizing faces" technique, the "Memorizing shapes" method., the MOSS test. For the first time, a comprehensive clinical, psychological and experimental psychological study was conducted, which made it possible to characterize the quality and hierarchy of impaired and preserved types of mental activity in the defeat of the right (subdominant) hemisphere. For the first time, a comparative analysis of disorders of the mnestic activity of the dominant and subdominant hemispheres of the brain was carried out, which allowed us to identify the specifics of memory disorders depending on the lateralization of lesions. The novelty is also represented by the systematization of mnestic disorders carried out by the author, accompanied by the isolation of neuropsychological syndromes of disorders of mnestic activity in the defeat of various parts of the right (subdominant) hemisphere in the acute period of syndromes of occipital, temporal, parietal lobe lesions and their combinations. Based on the data obtained, the necessity of studying the features of mnestic activity in order to restore and further rehabilitate higher mental functions in patients with cerebral infarction in the right hemisphere is justified.

Assessment of Psychopathological Changes and Mental Functioning in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis – a Literature Review

MS (Multiple sclerosis) is the most common primary disease of the central nervous system. Although neurological symptoms predominate, an increased incidence of mental health disorders is also observed. The most common are depression and anxiety disorders. Cognitive impairment occurs in half of MS patients. Most often, they are associated with difficulties in concentration, memory disorders, and slower information processing. Changes occurring in the CNS cause long-term chronic fatigue. The loss of sexual drive may be caused by CNS pathology, especially the limbic system and brain stem nuclei, or by psychological mechanisms in response to the impact of MS symptoms. Pain is very troublesome for patients and makes it difficult to function, disturbing the quality of sleep, negatively affecting mood, causing anxiety and depression. A complete understanding of all aspects of MS in the bio-psycho-social dimension is necessary to provide holistic care to a patient with MS. The knowledge of medical staff regarding the image of psychopathological changes in the course of MS may be of great importance for the proper assessment of the mental state of patients and for undertaking adequate medical and nursing interventions. This will undoubtedly contribute to reducing psychopathological symptoms in patients themselves and thus improving the quality of life. (JNNN 2023;12(4):177–182)

Physical capacity determines physical and mental health in patients with chronic heart failure - a case control study

Abstract Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with reduced quality of life (QoL), but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study we aimed to assess determinants of both physical and mental functioning in patients with and without chronic heart failure and investigated the impact of physical capacity (PC). Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis conducted in two cohorts using a case-control design. Both, the case cohort (RoC-HF, n=205) and the control cohort (BioPersMed, n=1022) were prospective, single center cohort studies. The case cohort included patients with diagnosed CHF with a current left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, while the control cohort included apparently healthy individuals with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Laboratory parameters, transthoracic echocardiography, PC (Biopersmed: 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]; RoC-HF: 4-meter gait speed [4MGS]), and SF-36 health survey parameters as the main read-out of this study, were available in all participants. Results Cases and controls were matched by age, sex and body mass index yielding a study sample of 188 vs. 188 individuals. Medians with interquartile range of NT-proBNP and LVEF were 985 (325 – 2183) pg/dl and 37 (30 – 44) % in cases, and 72 (33 - 118) pg/dl and 64 (60 – 68) % in controls. Cases had lower levels than controls regarding all eight QoL aspects of the SF-36 HS (Figure 1). Both within the case and the control cohort, measures of heart failure severity (LVEF, NT-proBNP, TAPSE) were not or only marginally associated with SF-36 HS scales. PC parameters correlated significantly with physical component summary score (PCS) both within cases and controls, and with mental component summary score (MCS) only in cases (Figure 2). Multivariate linear regression analyses with adjustment for age, sex, eGFR, LVEF, NT-proBNP and TAPSE were conducted in each cohort, respectively. Within cases, 4MGS, but not LVEF, NT-proBNP and TAPSE, was significantly associated with MCS (adjusted beta 0.228, P=0.011) and PCS (beta = 0.318, P<0.001). Within controls, 6MWD was significantly associated with PCS (beta = 0.332, P<0.001), but not with MCS (beta = -0.62, P=0.472). Conclusion In patients with CHF, impairment of both physical and mental functioning is determined by physical capacity, but not by measures of cardiac function and congestion. By contrast, only physical functioning, but not mental functioning, can be explained by PC in healthy controls. Given the increasing relevance of QoL as a patient-oriented outcome in CHF, assessment and improvement of PC should be considered essential aspects in CHF care, besides biomarker-guided improvements in cardiac function and congestion. Whether targeting PC, for instance by medical and device therapies, translates into better physical and mental well-being in CHF should be specifically addressed in randomized controlled trials.

The Impact of Psychotrauma and Emotional Stress Vulnerability on Physical and Mental Functioning of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic health condition thought to be influenced by personal life experiences and emotional stress sensitivity (neuroticism). In the present study, we examined the impact of cumulative trauma experiences and trait neuroticism (as a measure for emotional stress vulnerability) on physical and mental functioning of n = 211 patients diagnosed with IBD (112 Crohn’s disease, 99 ulcerative colitis). All patients were assessed for self-reported trauma histories, emotional stress vulnerability, clinical disease activity, functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and quality of life. Results showed that patients with severe IBD activity have endured significantly more interpersonal trauma and victimization than those with quiescent IBD. Moreover, cumulative trauma was found to exert an indirect (neuroticism-mediated) effect on patients’ symptom complexity, with trauma and neuroticism conjointly explaining 16–21% of the variance in gastrointestinal and 35% of the variance in mental symptoms. Upon correction for condition (using a small group of available controls, n = 51), the predictive capacity of trauma and neuroticism increased further, with both predictors now explaining 31% of the somatic—and almost 50% of the mental symptom heterogeneity. In terms of trauma type, victimization (domestic violence and intimate abuse) proved the best predictor of cross-sample symptom variability and the only trauma profile with a consistent direct and indirect (neuroticism-mediated) effect on patients’ mental (QoL) and physical fitness. Results are consistent with the growing body of evidence linking experiential vulnerability factors (trauma and neuroticism) and associated feelings of personal ineffectiveness, helplessness, and uncontrollability to interindividual differences in (GI) disease activity and quality of life.

The occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors and functioning in chronic illness in the Polish population of EUROASPIRE V.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cardiovascular risk on the functioning of patients without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Two hundred patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes were enrolled in the study. The median age was 52.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 43.0-60.0). The following risk factors were assessed: blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose concentration. Total cardiovascular risk was determined as the number of uncontrolled risk factors, and with the Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation Score (SCORE). The Functioning in the Chronic Illness Scale (FCIS) was applied to assess the physical and mental functioning of patients. The median number of measures of cardiovascular risk factors was 4.0 (IQR 3.0-5.0). The median of SCORE for the whole study population was 2.0 (IQR 1.0-3.0). Patients with lower total cardiovascular risk as defined by SCORE and number of uncontrolled risk factors had better functioning as reflected by higher FCIS (R = -0.315, p < 0.0001; R = -0.336, p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified abnormal blood pressure, abnormal waist circumference, tobacco smoking, and lack of regular physical activity to be negative predictors of functioning. Lack of regular physical activity was the only predictor of low FCIS total score (odds ratio 9.26, 95% confidence interval 1.19-71.77, p = 0.03). The functioning of patients worsens as the total cardiovascular risk increases. Each of the risk factors affects the functioning of subjects without coronary artery disease with different strength, with physical activity being the strongest determinant of patient functioning.

Changes in Physical and Mental Functions in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease During the First Two Waves of COVID-19 in Japan.

The goal of this study was to determine whether changes in life-space mobility and quality of life (QoL) recovered in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) during the first two waves of the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. We performed a follow-up survey in 20 CVD patients using the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) scale and the five-level EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), Japanese version, at three time points: January-March 2020 (before the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic), July 2020 (following the first wave of the pandemic), and November 2020 (following the second wave of the pandemic). The LSA score in November 2020 (median [interquartile range], 90 [83.5-100] points) did not recover from the July 2020 score (83 [76.5-93] points). However, the EQ-5D-5L QoL score in November 2020 (0.89 [0.82-1]) had improved from that in July 2020 (0.80 [0.71-0.87]). The QoL of CVD patients might have been more affected by psychological factors rather than physical factors during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Возможности методов нейровизуализации и нейростимуляции для развития теории системной динамической локализации высших психических функций

The theory of systemic and dynamic localization of higher mental functions by Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria was based on the data obtained via an original method, syndrome analysis of deficits of higher mental functions in patients with local brain injury. When this theory was being constructed, technical methods for brain investigation were only in their early stages. Although in later years Luria and his disciples pointed out that such methods were prominent for further development of Soviet/Russian neuropsychology, they are still rarely used by the followers of these scientists. In this article, we focus on neuroimaging and neurostimulation methods that are both noninvasive and the most accessible in Russia: structural, diffusion-weighted, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation. We discuss their scope and perspectives for addressing research questions in neuropsychology and describe possible designs for neu­ropsychological studies in patients with local brain injury and healthy individuals.

Personal Characteristics and Adaptation Mechanisms of Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Heart Failure

Adaptation processes in chronic diseases, including arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic heart failure (CHF), depend both on the personality of the patient and on comorbidity. Objective : to study the characteristics of adaptation and mental functioning of patients with hypertension and heart failure with comorbidity (the patient has concomitant diseases). Design and methods . 122 patients (49 women and 73 men, average age 62.9 ± 9.4 years) with hypertension and heart failure were examined. AH was diagnosed and evaluated according to guidelines for the treatment of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology (2013). CHF was diagnosed in accordance with the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure of the Society of Heart Failure Specialists, Russian Cardiology Society (2016). Charlson Comorbidity Index (IC) was used to evaluate comorbidity; comorbidity was regarded as high at IC ≥ 6 points (60 patients). To assess personal characteristics and mental status, a projective methodology was used — Sondi’s test, a Mini-mult questionnaire (shortened version of MMPI). To assess the adaptive psychological mechanisms were used «Life Style Index» and «Copy Test». Cognitive functions and quality of life were evaluated. Results . IC was 5.3 (IQR:4-7) points. The group of patients with hypertension, heart failure and high comorbidity differed in the severity of the depressive-hypochondriacal profile compared with patients with low comorbidity. Similar data were obtained in a projective methodology: in the group with high comorbidity, the most pronounced factor is D− (depression) (1.7 (IQR: 1-2) and 0.9 (IQR: 0-1), points respectively, p = 0.009) and factor P− (paranoid) (1.8 (IQR: 1-2.5) and 1.3 (IQR: 1-2) points respectively, p= 0.01). Relationships have been identified that make it possible to talk about common adaptation processes in patients with AH and CHF depending on comorbidity: in patients with high comorbidity, non-constructive coping strategies («confrontational», «flight-avoidance») correlated with psychological defense mechanisms of the regression type (r=0.41, p=0.003) and replacement (r=0.39, p=0,001). Conclusions . Comorbidity has a negative impact on the cognitive and adaptive capabilities of patients with hypertension and heart failure, contributes to the emergence of depressive-hypochondriacal conditions, accompanied by a decrease in motivation and adherence to treatment, which must be taken into account with an interdisciplinary approach to this category of patients.

The effect of the use of the drug recognan (citicoline) on the state of higher mental functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment

The aim of the observational program was to study the effect of the use of the drug recognan (citicoline) on the state of higher mental functions (memory, attention, visual-motor coordination, dynamic praxis,verbal thinking and imagination) in patients with mild cognitive impairment. A survey of 54 subjects (16 of them male and 38 female) aged 18-50 years (average age 28.5±10.5 years) was conducted with a diagnosis of «Mild cognitive impairment» («F06.7»). The group was randomized into 2 subgroups: the main subgroup (26 people) received oral therapy with the drug Recognan, for 30 days, with the daily dosage of the drug being 500 mg. In the control group (28 people), nootropic drug therapy was not performed. Standard psychometric techniques were used to study higher mental functions. All subjects were examined three times (initially, in the middle of the study - on day 15, at the end of the study - on day 30). After 2 weeks of treatment with recognan, there was an improvement in concentration in 81.9%, memory in 50% (p=0.008), verbal imagination productivity in 68.2% (p=0.015), counting functions in 60% (p=0.015), visual-motor coordination and dynamic praxis - in 86.4% (p=0.003), increased speed and efficiency of mental work (p=0.001). After a 30-day course of treatment with recognan, there was an improvement in memory in 58.3% of patients (p=0.007), an increase in concentration in 64%, an improvement in counting functions in 64.3% (p=0.011), verbal imagination productivity in 63.3%, visual-motor coordination and dynamic praxis in 86.4% (p=0.007), speed and efficiency of mental work (p=0.006), which indicates a complex positive effect of recognan on higher mental functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment cognitive impairment.

Assessment of higher mental functions in patients with idiopathic (genetic) generalized epilepsies

The article reviews the influence of idiopathic (genetic) generalized forms of epilepsy on higher mental functions. It is a common view that those forms have the least impact on the maturation of mental functions in children and adolescents and on the neuropsychological status of adult patients. The results of the higher mental functions dynamics assessment in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies are heterogeneous for a number of reasons that are analyzed in the article (the most important reasons are the lack of a unified methodology for cognitive functions evaluation, the lack of separation of the effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs, the lack of differentiation of genetic generalized forms of epilepsy when processing the results). According to the authors, the following mental functions decrease to a greater extent: memory, executive functions, visual-spatial gnosis and speech.

The study of life quality parameters in children and adolescents with HIV associated tuberculosis

The objective of the study:to perform comparative assessment of life quality (LQ) associated with health of children and adolescents suffering from tuberculosis, both HIV negative and HIV positive.Subjects and methods. In 2017-2019, the cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Pediatric Department of Samarkand Regional TB Dispensary, the study was aimed to assess life quality associated with health in 70 children and adolescents at the age from 5 to 18 years old. 35 of them had tuberculosis and HIV infection (TB/HIV Group), 35 had tuberculosis and negative HIV status. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – PedsQL was used to assess the life quality.Conclusion. The combination of HIV infection and tuberculosis has a more pronounced effect on the physical and mental functioning of patients and worsens the life quality of children and adolescents to a greater extent than tuberculosis.

Use of a Brain–Computer Interface + Exoskeleton Technology in Complex Multimodal Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients

Introduction. Studies of the potentials of brain–computer neural interface technology with an arm exoskeleton (BCNI) in training to motor imagery in the recovery of higher mental functions in patients constitute an interesting task. The effectiveness of multimodal stimulation including diverse information channels needs to be assessed, as this approach should promote stimulation of neuroplasticity and improvement to interhemisphere interactions. Objectives. To study the influences of multimodal stimulation using BCNI technologies on the restoration of cognitive functions in stroke patients. Materials and methods. A total of 44 stroke patients were studied and treated at periods of two months to two years after onset. Patients were divided into two groups with comparable main parameters: a study group (22 patients) and a reference group (22 patients). Patients of the study group underwent a program of complex multimodal stimulation including procedures using BCNI technologies, cognitive training, use of a stabilometric platform with biological feedback for the support reaction, and vibrotherapy. Patients of the reference group received only BCNI. Results. After treatment, statistically significant improvements in therapeutic results were obtained in the form of improvements in memory, attention, and visuospatial skills in patients of the study group as compared with those of the reference group. Conclusions. Questions of cognitive training using BCNI technologies are currently a relatively new direction in neurorehabilitation; the promising results obtained here provide evidence of the potential of this direction.

Medical-psychological help in oncological practice

Cancer cause significant shifts in the mental functioning of patients, manifested in psychological reactions and mental disorders. It determines the need for the development and implementation of medicalpsychological measures. Various aspects of medical and psychological care in oncological practice are analyzed. In work with cancer patients use various psychotherapeutic methods, such as short-term psychoanalysis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation, art-therapy, music therapy, creative visualization. Psychological help in oncology provided in the form of individual counseling, support groups, family psychotherapy, psychological counseling for couples. Based on the general principles of medicalpsychological help in oncology, were developed different support programs depending on the stage of the treatment, specificity of antitumor therapy, and location of the disease. Psychogenic and somatogenic effects of cancer caused the need to add psychopharmacotherapy in treatment. Cancer causes complex, multi-level disorders in the mental health of patients requiring an integrated complex approach in the form of medical-psychological interventions and psychophamiacotherapy. Keywords: medical-psychological help, psychotherapy, oncology, psycho-oncology, psychopharmacotherapy.

The influence of preoperative mental health on clinical outcomes after laminectomy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis

ObjectiveThe influence of preoperative mental health on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the influence of preoperative mental health HRQOL after laminectomy in patients with LSS. Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 122 patients who had lumbar spinous process splitting laminectomy (LSPSL) for LSS. We assessed clinical information; Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score; numerical rating scale (NRS) for low back pain, for leg pain, and for leg numbness; Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ); JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ); Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); and Short Form 8 (SF-8) as patient reported outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups (Group L ≤ 36.2 points and Group NL > 36.2 points) based on the results of the preoperative mental health (MH) score in SF-8 to examine the influence of MH in LSS. We compared the HRQOL between the two groups postoperatively. ResultsThe JOA score, NRS, and ZCQ score significantly improved after surgery. HRQOL outcomes including JOABPEQ, RMDQ, and SF-8 showed that the LSPSL improved not only the physical but also the mental function in patients with LSS. All HRQOL outcomes in Group L exhibited significantly worse scores preoperatively; however, no significant differences between two groups were found postoperatively. ConclusionsLSPSL greatly reduced low back pain, leg pain, and leg numbness. LSPSL resulted in a significant improvement based on HRQOL questionnaires even in patients with preoperative depressive mood. Not only the physical status but also the mental health may improve after LSPSL even in patients with LSS with a depressive mood preoperatively.

Effects of physical therapy on mental function in patients with stroke.

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to determine the effects of physical therapy intervention on mental function in patients with stroke.MethodsIn this retrospective experimental study, we included 134 patients previously diagnosed with anxiety and depression who presented to our outdoor physical therapy clinic with hemiplegia owing to stroke during 2016 to 2018. The main interventions were neurodevelopmental techniques, strength training, stationary cycling, and shoulder wheel exercise. The treatment duration was 6 months, 5 days a week. Key outcome measurement tools included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and Functional Independent Measure (FIM). Baseline and post-interventional measurements were compared using a paired-sample t-test.ResultsBaseline scores on the PHQ-9, DRS, and FIM were 24.77±1.24, 19.67±1.25, and 20.77±1.74, respectively; post-intervention scores on these three scales were 9.08±0.49, 7.78±1.49, and 82.52±10.03 respectively. In the comparison, significant differences were observed between baseline and post-interventional scores.ConclusionWe found that physiotherapy interventions improved motor function in patients with stroke as well as their mental function. Patients with stroke with impaired mental function can improve by participating in a physiotherapy treatment program.

This Study Tests Whether BI 425809 Together With Brain Training Using a Computer Improves Mental Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia

This Study Tests Whether BI 425809 Together With Brain Training Using a Computer Improves Mental Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia

Personality Characteristics and Mental Functions in Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension and Normotensive Persons

Personality Characteristics and Mental Functions in Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension and Normotensive Persons

Voluntary postural or dual-task training improves motor and mental functions in patients with traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of social disadaptation among young people and accompanied by disorders in motor and cognitive spheres. The aim of our study was to estimate a rehabilitation effect of voluntary postural and dual-task training at different periods after TBI. Seventeen TBI patients (28 ± 5.3) and 32 healthy persons (27.6 ± 0.07) participated at the investigation. Electroencephalographic (EEG), stabilographic studies and clinical scales (MMPI, FIM, MMSE, Berg's scale) were utilized for estimation of different spheres of human functioning. Clinical scales demonstrated deficits in all domains including motor and cognitive activity at the early terms after TBI. These deficits accompanied by global decrease of EEG connectivity between brain areas especially for distant brain areas while the increase of connectivity for local networks was observed as a reflection of compensator brain mechanisms. Postural training focused at vertical pose recovery while demonstrated improvement of motor as well as mental functions and accompanied by an increase of EEG connectivity. Dual-tasking was used as next step of rehabilitation course. EEG data demonstrated additional increase of EEG connectivity between different brain areas. Clinical scales showed improvement of all functions and improvement the quality of patient's life and their social adaptation. Thus, voluntary postural and dual-task training may be used as effective rehabilitation approach that can serve as trigger for brain functional integration resulting in recovery of disordered functions. This approach may be recommended for patients with functional deficits to enhance their social adaptation and quality of life.

파킨슨병과 운동에 관한 문헌고찰

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on physical function and quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease through precedent studies to identify improvements and to provide information about the importance and effects of exercise to patients with Parkinson’s disease. BR This study obtained the following results by reviewing Korean and foreign literatures. First, it has been observed that exercise makes positive effect on strength of lower extremity and physical function of patients with Parkinson’s disease.BR Secondly, it has been observed in PDQ-39 Test on mental function that exercise makes positive effect on quality of life as well.BR To conclude, it was identified that exercise improves both physical function and mental function of patients with Parkinson’s disease, and based on these results, this study suggests to use exercise program on patients with Parkinson’s disease and to conduct more various studies in the future by developing more systematic and scientific programs.

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in children and patients with cerebral palsy: a preliminary report

neuroinflammation and apoptosis in brains affected by cerebral palsy could be therapeutic targets. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptosis effects and stimulates the proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells in the brain. Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of G-CSF treatment in children and adolescents with CP. Materials and methods: Six patients with spastic tetraplegia CP aged 3-15 years were enrolled in this study. Five patients had GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) level at V, three children had epilepsy, and three had severe mental retardation. We used the gross motor function measure-66 (GMFM-66) to assess motor function.GCSF (5μg/kg/body/day) was administered subcutaneously for five consecutive days during the four months. The parents also evaluated the physical and mental development of their children. Results: We observed improvement in motor function in patients with CP on the GMFM-66 scale. Parents reported improvement in behavior, speech development, and a decrease in spasticity in children with CP. G-CSF therapy was well-tolerated. No side effects were observed during the study. Conclusions: Our preliminary report suggests that G-CSF treatment improves motor and mental function in patients with CP. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations