Mental Disorders In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Сучасне уявлення про вплив стресу на імунну систему вагітної

Today, there is increasing attention being paid to mental health, especially in pregnant women who are vulnerable to the risk of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite scientific progress, research on the impact of stress on mental health during pregnancy is insufficient. Purpose - to analyze the impact of stress on the immune system of pregnant women. A search and analysis of 78 original studies investigating the impact of stress on the course of pregnancy were conducted. Keywords and article selection criteria were applied. The systematic review included the most relevant studies that met the established criteria. The findings indicate that the immune system plays a significant role in the development of stress-related mental disorders during pregnancy. However, most studies do not establish a clear link between stress, inflammation, and mental disorders in pregnant women. Conclusions. The review highlights the need for further research aimed at understanding the relationship between stress, the immune system, and mental health in pregnant women. This will help develop effective methods for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in this population, promoting healthy pregnancy outcomes and the birth of healthy children. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

The perceptions and attitudes of obstetric staff and midwives towards perinatal mental health disorders screening: a qualitative exploratory study in Shenzhen, China

BackgroundThe perinatal period is a crucial time for women, as they experience various biological, psychological, and social stressors. Due to the complexity of this vulnerable time, there is a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders among pregnant women. In 2019, the Health Commission of Shenzhen initiated perinatal mental health screening programme in China. However, attitudes and perceptions of medical staff towards implementing mental health screening programme during pregnancy remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and attitudes of obstetric staff and midwives towards screening for perinatal mental disorders in pregnant women, and identify their perceived needs and motivations for undertaking this task.MethodsThis is a qualitative exploratory study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. The dataset was analysed using inductive content analysis. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 13 participants at a tertiary maternal hospital in Shenzhen from September to November, 2019.ResultsA total of 13 obstetric staff was interviewed, including two obstetricians, three midwives, and eight nurses. Four themes were identified from this study: views on perinatal mental health disorders screening, competency in identifying and supporting high-risk groups, barriers to dealing with psychological problems during pregnancy, and the support needs of medical staff in undertaking the tasks of mental health disorders screening.ConclusionMedical staff lacked sufficient knowledge and skills in perinatal psychological health and were not well prepared for the task of screening pregnant women for mental health disorders. To address this issue, medical organisations and relevant government sectors should provide training to medical staff on perinatal mental health disorders, enhance public awareness of perinatal mental health disorders, establish a model of multidisciplinary collaboration for the screening of women’s perinatal mental disorders, and provide continuous and holistic care for pregnant women.

Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a worldwide problem, causing considerable repercussions on the physical and mental health of many people. This impact has a significant prevalence on the mental health of pregnant women, especially women in early pregnancy and younger. In this context, this study sought to discuss the various impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women. This study is an integrative review that aims to answer the following guiding question “What is the latest information on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women?”. The search was performed in the Medline, LILACS and SciELO databases, including complete clinical trials published in the last 5 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eleven articles were selected, making up this review's final sample. As a result, it was noted that the mental health of pregnant women was significantly impaired during the pandemic phase, increasing the occurrence of mental suffering, fear, depression, anxiety and stress. All these conditions were related to direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic, such as difficulty in accessing prenatal care, insecurities about an unpredictable virus, possibility of vertical transmission, decline in professional status and reduced income. Furthermore, it was found that high-quality sleep, higher levels of resilience, low screen time and physical exercise acted as protective factors against symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is concluded, therefore, that the COVID-19 pandemic is related to an increase in the prevalence of anxiety, depression and worsening of previous mental disorders in pregnant women, showing the need for public intervention to improve perinatal mental health during the period affected by the new coronavirus.

Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of internet-based emotion-focused cognitive behavior therapy with husband participation for Iranian pregnant women with anxiety disorder

ABSTRACT Background Anxiety disorders during pregnancy are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Internet-based emotion-focused cognitive behavior therapy (IECBT) with husband participation approach is an alternative treatment for treatment of mental disorders in pregnant women. The study aimed to compare the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of IECBT with husband participation. Method In a quasi-experimental study 68 pregnant women diagnosed with anxiety disorders were divided into IECBT with husband participation (n = 34) and IECBT alone (n = 34) and completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) and System usability scale (SUS) at baseline and eight weeks after the trial. Findings Results showed that acceptability and feasibility of CO-IECBT among women and their spouses were positive. Acceptability with indices, namely women’s satisfaction and average participation in sessions, was greater among IECBT with husband participation participants than among participants in IECBT alone. Feasibility was high for both therapy methods, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion This study suggests that both IECBT with husband participation and IECBT alone are effective treatments for mitigating psychological distress in anxious pregnant women.

Impact of psychiatric disorders on pregnancy and its management. A French retrospective cohort study

IntroductionEvery pregnancy and birth is unique, and despite this, few studies exist on the condition of pregnant women with mental disorders.ObjectivesThis study analyzes the impact of prevalent mental disorders in pregnant women to determine which clinical or socio-demographic characteristics significantly impact pregnancy.MethodsThis retrospective and naturalistic cohort study is based on the medical records of 99 patients managed in a university hospital. All patients had an ICD-10 mental disorder (psychiatric and/or substance use disorders) diagnosed before pregnancy.ResultsOnly 24.2% of the pregnant women had no adverse outcomes throughout pregnancy, labor, and delivery. The remaining mothers had violence issues, and mothers with psychotrauma were likelier to have stillborn babies. Pregnant women with mental disorders were less keen to screen for Down’s syndrome and more likely to have artificial delivery in case of comorbid drug addiction and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Anonymous birth and placement of newborns were related to substance abuse and pre-pregnancy AUD comorbidities or AUD alone before pregnancy. Besides, four clinical characteristics were found to be predictive of adverse pregnancy outcomes: young maternal age (β =-1,15,p<.03), late-term first contact with the maternity hospital (β=0.08, p<.02), advanced term of delivery (β=4.01, p<.03), and a history of psychiatric disorders associated with an AUD but without smoking before pregnancy (β =-1,07,p<.03). Despite all, pregnant women had a relatively sustained follow-up of their pregnancies.ConclusionsMental disorders have a negative impact on pregnancy. More studies should be promoted to raise the attention of professionals to manage and improve women’s pregnancy and motherhood with psychiatric conditions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Prevalência e Fatores de Risco Psicossociais associados a transtornos mentais durante a gestação

Abstract Objective Studies evidence a high prevalence of mental disorders in pregnant women, which interfere in women’s health, interpersonal relationships, baby care and, consequently, in child development. The research sought to identify risk and protective psychosocial factors of mental disorders during pregnancy. Method A total of 153 third trimester pregnant women participated in a quasi-experimental, quantitative and cross-sectional study. The instruments used were questionnaires and interviews. Frequency, descriptive and regression analysis were performed. Results The most significant risk factors for mental disorders during pregnancy were lack of confidence, childhood trauma, stressful life events, and previous depression. Protective factors included good marital relationship. The most prevalent mental disorders were depression and anxiety. Conclusion Preventive actions and interventions that cover the psychosocial factors involved in the development of mental disorders in pregnant women are important.

Common mental disorders among pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Many risk factors impact pregnant women's physical and emotional health. In addition, the rise of the COVID-19 epidemic brings with it a slew of unfavourable elements that continue to affect the health conditions of pregnant women, particularly frequent mental problems. This study was conducted to describe mental disorders in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. The majority of 30 included articles were cross-sectional studies and one out of three were conducted in Asia. The review found that stress, anxiety and depression among pregnant women were significantly higher during the pandemic. Due to reduced exercise time, lack of social support, and limited communication due to social distancing. The higher number of women experiencing violence during the COVID-19 era is also a direct cause of the increased prevalence of common mental disorders. To improve this situation, it is necessary to have timely support from society, improve and continue antenatal care services, as well as provide adequate COVID-19-related information and its impact on the fetus.

Factors associated with mental disorders in pregnant women covered by primary health care: a population-based study

Factors associated with mental disorders in pregnant women covered by primary health care: a population-based study

THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL GENTLE YOGA AND HYPNOTHERAPY ON ANXIETY LEVEL AND SLEEP QUALITY IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMAN AT PUSKESMAS SUMBER CIREBON REGENCY IN 2019

As the pregnancy gets older, the attention and thoughts of pregnant women begin to focus on something that is considered as a climax, so that the anxiety experienced will intensify just before the childbirth. Excessive anxiety and sleep disorders during pregnancy can cause mental disorders in pregnant women and inhibit fetal growth. To determine the effect of prenatal gentle yoga and hypnotherapy on anxiety level and sleep quality in the third trimester pregnant women. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test with a control group. The sample was 32 respondents consisting of 16 respondents as an intervention group and 16 respondents as a control group taken by purposive sampling. The analysis used was the Paired T-test. There is a difference in the average of anxiety level in the third trimester pregnant women in the intervention and control groups with a p value 0,000; there is a difference in the average of sleep quality in the third trimester pregnant women in the intervention and control groups with a p value 0,000; and there is no difference in the average of anxiety level and sleep quality in the third trimester pregnant women in the intervention and control groups with a p value 0,64. Prenatal Gentle Yoga and Hypnotherapy have an effect in reducing the anxiety level and improving the sleep quality in the third trimester pregnant women.

COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To assess the perceptions of pregnant women about COVID-19 and the prevalence of common mental disorders during the implemented social distancing period.METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study using digital media, of pregnant women exposed to social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Common mental disorders were estimated using the modified Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale, and the feelings towards COVID-19 were assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale through telephone calls made in May 2020. COX multivariate regression models were used to verify the associations.RESULTS Of the 1,041 pregnant women, 45.7% (95%CI: 42.7–48.8) had common mental disorders (CMD). All items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed a significant association with the prevalence of CMD (p < 0.001). A CMD risk gradient was observed, going from a prevalence ratio of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13–2.04) in pregnant women with two positive items to 2.70 (95%CI: 2.08–3.51) for those with four positive items. Early gestational age and the lack of prenatal care were also associated with CMD.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of common mental disorders in pregnant women was high during the period of social distancing and was aggravated by negative feelings towards COVID-19.

Spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) improved autonomic nervous activity in primipara

Introduction: Anxiety is one of prevalent mental disorders in pregnant women and causes alteration in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and cardiovascular system adaptation. It could potentially lead to increased risk of maternal complications and morbidity. SEFT had been known to lower anxiety level and autonomic nervous system activity but its application in pregnant women is still debated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of SEFT in primipara women.Method: a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group study was conducted in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia involving primipara who fulfilled the research criteria. SEFT was performed at the 9th month of pregnancy and 1 week before the estimated date of delivery. LF/HF ratio was assessed and compared in the two groups as representation of HRV and autonomic nervous activity.Results: 62 primiparous women were enrolled in this study and divided equally to the intervention and control group. This study showed that the LF/HF ratio was already different between the two groups at the beginning of the study. However, while the mean of LF/HF ratio was decreasing in the intervention group, an increasing trend was observed in the control group. Finally, the comparison of the mean difference between the two groups revealed that SEFT significantly lowered the ratio of LF/HF in primipara, thus improving the HRV.Conclusion: SEFT effectively lowered LF/HF ratio in primipara women which might indicate a better balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve responses. However, further study should be conducted to validate the application of SEFT in pregnant women with anxiety.

The Covid 19 outbreak: Maternal Mental Health and Associated Factors

ObjectiveEvaluation of the mental health of pregnant women during the early and peak stages of the Covid-19 outbreak DesignOnline survey ParticipantsPregnant women over the age of 18 years with no mental disorder during the pre-pregnancy period (N = 729). Measurements and FindingsMental disorders were assessed using the “Depression Anxiety Stress Scale” and social support was determined using the “Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale.” Pregnant women had moderate levels of anxiety and depression and mild levels of stress. Anxiety, depression, and stress of moderate or high severity was reported in 62.2%, 44.6%, and 32.2% of the women, respectively. Pregnant women who lost their jobs during the pandemic period showed a 3-fold increase in the risk of anxiety, a 6-fold increase in the risk of depression, and a 4.8-fold increase in the risk of stress. An increase in the perception of social support has protective effects against all three mental disorders during pregnancy. In pregnant women with at least one obstetric risk, the risk of antenatal anxiety is 2 times higher than that in women with no risk. Similarly, women with a chronic physical illness before pregnancy have a higher risk of anxiety during pregnancy than healthy women. Financial strain has predictive value for anxiety and depression, and advanced age is a predictor for depression. Key ConclusionsThe incidence of mental disorders in pregnant women during the pandemic period was much higher than that during the pre-pandemic period. The high frequency of antenatal mental disorders can lead to an increase in the frequency of obstetric and maternal complications in the short and long term. Implications for practiceEarly detection of inadequate social support and economic difficulties of pregnant women during the pandemic period is recommended for protecting their mental health. Pregnant women should have easy access to psychosocial support, and they should be provided obstetric counseling during the pandemic conditions.

Prevalence and factors related to psychiatric symptoms in low risk pregnancy.

Background:Psychiatric disorders are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes both for mother and child. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related demographic risk factors of psychiatric symptoms among the pregnant women in Babol City.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in five private and public obstetrics clinics of Babol city. During routine appointments of prenatal care, 176 pregnant women filled in three questionnaires including; sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburg Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25). Wilcoxon test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to interpret the data.Results:The prevalence of depressive disorders was 15.4%% for Edinburg scores ≥13. The overall rate of maternal psychiatric symptoms (global severity index or GSI scores ≥ 1.75) was 48.5%. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high; for 25% somatization, 258% anxiety, obsession-compulsion disorders or OCD 6.4%, 8.8% interpersonal sensitivity, 5.3% phobia, 7.6% paranoid ideation, and 1.2% psychoticism. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that pregnant women with history of abortion in previous pregnancy were at risk of depressive symptoms more (β=3.18, CI 1.28-7.93, p=0.01) than those without history of abortion. Also, the only demographic factor related to psychiatric symptoms was the age of pregnant women; younger age was associated with higher symptom levels for GSI ((r=-0.17).Conclusion:The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, in pregnant women highlights the need for continued research on screening, identifying the risk factors, and developing effective treatments for mental disorders in pregnant women.

A comparison of the interviewer-administered phone and self-complete online versions of the computerized eMINI 6.0 in a sample of pregnant women

BackgroundThis study compares the prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders identified during pregnancy using an interviewer-administered phone version and a self-complete online version of the computerized eMINI 6.0. Methods888 pregnant women completed the computerized eMINI 6.0 (interviewer-administered phone, n = 253; self-complete online, n = 635). ResultsThere were no significant differences in the proportions of women meeting eMINI 6.0 criteria for current major depression, any current anxiety disorder, or lifetime panic or depressive disorder, by mode of administration. However, a greater proportion of women in the interviewer-administered phone group than in the self-complete online group met criteria for current minor depression (2.0% vs 0.2%, p = .008). LimitationsStudy limitations include its non-randomized design, overall low prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in the sample and inclusion of only a select number of eMINI 6.0 modules. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated few differences in the rates of DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorders identified between the interviewer-administered and self-administered versions of the eMINI 6.0. Findings provide preliminary support the practical value of self-completed computerized interviews in large scale studies examining common mental disorders in pregnant women.

Association between dietary patterns and mental disorders in pregnant women in Southern Brazil.

Objective:To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and mental disorders among pregnant women in southern Brazil.Methods:Cross-sectional study with 712 pregnant women recruited from the Study of Food Intake and Eating Behaviors in Pregnancy (ECCAGe). Food intake assessment was performed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used to evaluate participants’ mental health. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR).Results:In the adjusted models, there was a high prevalence of major depressive disorder among women with low fruit intake (43%, PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.95) and high sweets and sugars intake (91%, PR 1.91, 95%CI 1.19-3.07). Women with a common-Brazilian dietary pattern had higher prevalence of major depressive disorder compared to those with a varied consumption pattern (PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.01-2.02). Low intake of beans was significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (PR 1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.93).Conclusions:Low consumption of fruits and beans and intake of the common-Brazilian dietary pattern during pregnancy were associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. These results reinforce the importance of an adequate dietary intake to ensure better mental health in pregnancy.

Factors associated with the probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative and descriptive approach was performed with 330 pregnant women enrolled in a Women's Health Service located in Mid-West Brazil. Data were obtained through a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and family or personal history. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and Poisson regression were applied to screen for common mental disorders, aiming to identify factors associated with it. Results: The prevalence of probability of common mental disorders among pregnant women was 57.1% and it was associated with marital status, gestational age, unplanned pregnancy and bleeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of pregnant women likely to have common mental disorders and the average Self-Reporting Questionnaire score estimated in this study were higher than those found in other studies with samples from the general population.

Immediate stress reduction effects of yoga during pregnancy: One group pre-post test.

Excessive stress during pregnancy may cause mental disorders in pregnant women and inhibit fetal growth. Yoga may alleviate stress during pregnancy. To verify the immediate effects of yoga on stress response during pregnancy. One group pre-post test was conducted at a hospital in Japan. We recruited 60 healthy primiparas without complications and asked them to attend yoga classes twice a month and to practice yoga at their homes using DVD 3 times a week from 20 gestational weeks until childbirth. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase concentration were measured before and after yoga classes at time 1 (27-32 gestational weeks) and time 2 (34-37 gestational weeks). Subjective mood was assessed using the profile of mood states. Saliva values and mood scores before and after each yoga class were compared using paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively. We analyzed 44 and 35 women at time 1 and time 2, respectively. The mean salivary cortisol concentration declined significantly after each yoga class [time 1: 0.36-0.26μg/dL (p<0.001), time 2: 0.32-0.26μg/dL (p=0.001)]. The mean salivary alpha-amylase concentration also decreased significantly following each class [time 1: 72.2-50.8kU/L (p=0.001), time 2: 70.6-52.7kU/L (p=0.006)]. The scores for negative dimensions of mood (Trait-Anxiety, Depression, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion) decreased significantly. The scores of Vigor for a positive dimension of mood significantly increased. This study indicated the immediate stress reduction effects of yoga during pregnancy.

Association between Dietary Patterns and Mental Disorders in Pregnant Women in Southern Brazil.

Association between Dietary Patterns and Mental Disorders in Pregnant Women in Southern Brazil.

Psychotherapeutic correction and rehabilitation of mental disorders in pregnant women with threatened miscarriage

Objective: to study the efficiency of psychotherapeutic correction of mental disorders in pregnant women with threatened miscarriage. Patients and methods. Psychotherapy for mental disorders and prenosological conditions was performed in 84 pregnant women aged 18 to 41 years with threatened miscarriage. The efficiency of performed measures was evaluated using the quality of life questionnaire, Spielberger–Hanin’s scale, and a therapy efficiency assessment scale in patients with borderline states. Delivery outcomes were analyzed in relation to management tactics in this cohort of pregnant women. The health status of newborn infants was assessed by the neonatologists of maternity hospitals. Results and discussion . After psychotherapeutic correction, the quality-of-life indicators in the pregnant women with threatened miscarriage from the study group were significantly higher than in those from the comparison group. The level of reactive and personality anxiety significantly decreased in the pregnant women in the study group. The pregnant women with the asthenic variant of prenosological conditions and those who had ICD-10 diagnoses F40-48 were most successful in the context of psychotherapeutic rehabilitation. Sporadic cases of incomplete recovery were noted when psychotherapeutical support was got. In the study group, pregnancy resulted in full-term babies in 100% of the women. In the pregnant women with prenosological conditions and mental disorders from the study group, parturition proceeded significantly more rapidly than in those from the comparison study. Significantly higher physical quotients were found in the newborn babies from the study group parturients. The psychotherapy that supplements the complex system of therapeutic measures has been shown to be highly effective in the women with threatened miscarriage accompanied by mental disorders.

Antepartum depression and anxiety associated with disability in African women: cross-sectional results from the CDS study in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.

BackgroundCommon mental disorders, particularly unipolar depressive disorders, rank among the top 5 with respect to the global burden of disease. As a major public health concern, antepartum depression and anxiety not only affects the individual woman, but also her offspring. Data on the prevalence of common mental disorders in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. We provide results from Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.MethodsWe subsequently recruited and screened n = 1030 women in the third trimester of their pregnancy for depressed mood, general anxiety, and perceived disability using the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9), the 7-item Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), and the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO-DAS 2.0, 12-item version). In addition to estimates of means and prevalence, a hierarchical linear regression model was calculated to determine the influence of antepartum depression and anxiety on disability.ResultsIn Ghana, 26.6% of women showed substantially depressed mood. In Côte d'Ivoire, this figure was even higher (32.9%). Clear indications for a generalized anxiety disorder were observed in 11.4% and 17.4% of pregnant women, respectively. Comorbidity of both conditions was common, affecting about 7.7% of Ghanaian and 12.6% of Ivorian participants. Pregnant women in both countries reported a high degree of disability regarding everyday activity limitations and participation restrictions. Controlled for country and age, depression and anxiety accounted for 33% of variance in the disability score.ConclusionsAntepartum depression and anxiety were highly prevalent in our sample and contributed substantially to perceived disability. These serious threats to health must be further investigated and more data are needed to comprehensively quantify the problem in sub-Saharan Africa.