Mental Debility Research Articles

The multifaceted effects of migraine on Syrian society: insights from a multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundMigraine is the most common primary headache. It’s alone responsible for 1.3% of disability in the world. Migraine both worsen quality of life of individuals and place a significant burden on the society. Despite this, there exists a knowledge gap regarding its repercussions on the Syrian population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 679 migraine-diagnosed patients from all over Syria through electronic questionnaires disseminated on official social media platforms. Depending on demographic characteristics, physical and mental debility assessed using the Chalder scale, the Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD_2) scale.ResultsOur study included 679 participants (mean age: 29.49 years; BMI: 24.55). The sample was predominantly female (74.7%) and mostly single (52%). Females reported higher fatigue (mean = 21.48) than males (mean = 19.22; p < .001). However, Males had better Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQ) scores (mean = 49.90) compared to females (mean = 42.27; p < .001). Females scored higher on anxiety (GAD-2: mean = 2.99 vs. mean = 2.35; p < .001). Moreover, urban residents had higher scores on the Role Preventive (RF-P) subscale of the MSQ than rural residents (mean = 49.93 vs. mean = 44.82; p = .014). Higher fatigue and anxiety levels were associated with lower quality of life scores.ConclusionsThis study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted impact of migraines on daily life, considering diverse demographic variables to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and disease management strategies.

Pharmacologic Advancement in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a disorder of mental debility characterized by abnormal social behavior in which person is unable to recognize reality. The sign and symptoms are variable and heterogeneous. Due to the diverse symptoms and variable treatment response, it is challenging to treat. Recent advancements in genomic, epidemiology and neurosciences can provide the appropriate medicines and treatments for minimizing symptoms and consequences of schizophrenia. This literature review was highlights the etiology, pathophysiology, neurotransmitter system, novel treatment and management of schizophrenia.The mainstay treatment of schizophrenic patients included antipsychotic drug with psychotherapy, social rehabilitation and job training

Debility Among Spinal Surgeons

As the climate of medical care continually shifts, more is expected of surgical specialists than ever before. The rate of burnout among providers appears to be increasing, whereas the career longevity of the modern physician continues to rise to meet the growing demands of our patient population. Spinal surgery is a demanding field, requiring significant amounts of mental and physical fortitude. We intend to highlight issues that cause debility in this cohort of providers. This study surveyed the members of the North American Spine Society to better ascertain the issues that plague our profession in relation to physical and mental debility. The survey included multiple-choice questions regarding demographics, burnout, and health status, among other physical and mental health concerns. We achieved a 19% response rate. Eighty percent of responders highlighted physical debility, and psychological, social, and/or behavioral debility (e.g., burnout) was reported by 39% of respondents. This study highlights the need to improve the work environment and maintain physician health. Although this report sheds light on the problems affecting our colleagues, there is much work that is needed to improve on them. Often the medical philosophy is to ignore one's own personal discomfort in the quest to help patients. In an era in which physician career longevity is needed, these issues must be identified and addressed.

Mental Debility as the Superhero Trait of Today's Real Human in Alejandro González Iñárritu's Birdman

This article shows how director Alejandro González Iñárritu conflates notions of the mad-genius trope, mental illness, and the superhero in his film Birdman, exalting the mentally debilitated identity that is popular today under biocapitalism. It also explores how the film's concept of "real art" as dependent on the grotesque exhibition of mental debility is shaped by (and reinforces) our current biocapitalist notion of a real human experience.

Do Learning Disabilities Affect Testicular Cancer Survival: A National Cohort Study Between 2001 and 2015

BackgroundSome 1.5 million people in the UK have a learning disability (LD). This vulnerable group derives less benefit from population-based education programs. They are prone to underenrolment in screening programs and may lack the ability to perform self-examination. ObjectiveTo identify patients with LD in England and assess their testicular cancer (TC) survival in comparison to the general population. Design, setting, and participantsPatient records were identified from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. All patients resident in England with a diagnosis of mental debility, “developmental disorder of scholastic skills”, or attending under the specialty of LD between April 1, 2001 and June 30, 2015 were included. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisWe measured survival outcomes according to the Kaplan-Meier method and used log-rank tests to assess survival difference between demographic groups. Results and limitationsOf 158138 male patients with LD, 331 had TC and 32 died of cancer. LD patients had a poorer prognosis, with 10-yr TC-specific survival of 88.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 84.5–92.4%) in the LD group versus 96.8% (95% CI 96.6–97.1%) in the non-LD group. LD patients also had lower all-cause survival rates. The 10-yr survival rate was 77.6% (95% CI 72.2–83.3%) for LD patients versus 89.9% (95% CI 89.4–90.3%) for non-LD patients, while the corresponding 5-yr rates were 84% (95% CI 79.9–88.4%) versus 92.2% (95% CI 91.8–92.5%). ConclusionsEducation regarding self-examination for TC must be provided in a format suitable for those with LD. Carers for male patients with LD should be informed about testicular examination and sinister signs. Patient summaryTesticular cancer patients who also have a learning disability (LD) have a one in nine chance of dying, compared to a one in 36 chance for testicular cancer patients without LD. This is because patients with LD are less likely to detect the disease at an earlier stage.

The Many Transformations of Albert Facey

In the last months of his life, 86-year-old Albert Facey became a best-selling author and revered cultural figure following the publication of his autobiography, A Fortunate Life. Released on Anzac Day 1981, it was praised for its "plain, unembellished, utterly sincere and un-self-pitying account of the privations of childhood and youth" (Semmler) and "extremely powerful description of Gallipoli" (Dutton 16). Within weeks, critic Nancy Keesing declared it an "Enduring Classic." Within six months, it was announced as the winner of two prestigious non-fiction awards, with judges acknowledging Facey's "extraordinary memory" and "ability to describe scenes and characters with great precision" ("NBC" 4). A Fortunate Life also transformed the fortunes of its publisher. Founded in 1976 as an independent, not-for-profit publishing house, Fremantle Arts Centre Press (FACP) might have been expected, given the Australian average, to survive for just a few years. Former managing editor Ray Coffey attributes the Press's ongoing viability, in no small measure, to Facey's success (King 29). Along with Wendy Jenkins, Coffey edited Facey's manuscript through to publication; only five months after its release, with demand outstripping the capabilities, FACP licensed Penguin to take over the book's production and distribution. Adaptations soon followed. In 1984, Kerry Packer's PBL launched a prospectus for a mini-series, which raised a record $6.3 million (PBL 7–8). Aired in 1986 with a high-rating documentary called The Facey Phenomenon, the series became the most watched television event of the year (Lucas). Syndication of chapters to national and regional newspapers, stage and radio productions, audio- and e-books, abridged editions for young readers, and inclusion on secondary school curricula extended the range and influence of Facey's life writing. Recently, an option was taken out for a new television series (Fraser).

Serial Women Writers and Racial Intimacy

This essay charts the intersection of how three of the most prominent 19th-century serial writers—E.D.E.N. Southworth, Ann Stephens, and Laura Jean Libbey—connect “brain fever” with racial intimacy, a narrative strategy registering cultural anxieties about social stability. A forgotten convention of serial fiction, such fevers introduce other symptoms, like insanity, amnesia, and syncope so that women especially might evade post-Civil War racial fears or desires. In all these novels, mental and psychic debilities signal a culture’s need for reconstruction. All of these writers draw on plots where characters at key moments are struck by “brain fever,” portrayed as lost consciousness, disempowered thinking, psychic damage, erasure of memory and personality—that reveal social dysfunction.

DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF VASCULAR AND COMBINED MENTAL DEBILITY

The article provides a scientifically grounded approach to pharmacotherapy of vascular and combined mental debility. The role and place of memantin, an uncompetitive low-affinity antagonist of NMDA-receptors in regulation of glutamate-dependent links of excitotoxicity in combined mental debilities. The effectiveness of memantin is proved for all stages and in various forms of mental debility, including combined mental debility, as well as compatibility with other drugs in combined therapy, a favourable safety profile and good drug tolerability.

The Trauma Risk Management Approach to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the British Military: Masculinity, Biopolitics and Depoliticisation

This paper discusses the political implications of the British military's Trauma Risk Management (TRiM) approach to personnel suffering from combat-related mental debilities such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Drawing on narratives that emerged from qualitative interviews with trained TRiM practitioners and military welfare workers, I tease out some of the assumptions and beliefs about mental health and mental illness that underpin this mental health intervention programme. I explore TRiM as a biopolitical strategy targeted towards the construction of a particular conceptualisation of mental wellness and militarised masculine personhood. As a biopolitical strategy, I argue that TRiM plays an important role in the construction of ideas around mental well-being and mental frailty that best enable the operation of military power in the contemporary British context. I discuss the narrative of transformation in militarised models of masculinity that emerge from discussions of TRiM, and highlight the important political function that this plays in enabling and legitimating militarism. Finally, I draw attention to the ways in which the focus on individual and cultural factors, rather than war as the primary cause of difficulties for servicemen experiencing psychological distress, functions to neutralise the potential trouble that could be instigated for the British military by the bodies of servicemen psychologically damaged by their experiences of conflict.

Ayurveda a Boon for Epileptics

Apsmar denotes epilepsy, that usually persists in majority of patients with mental debility and disability, in spite of multidrug therapy with advanced anti-epileptics. But by supplementing Sodium valproate with indigenous composite of some Indian herbs as an adjuvant at 8 hourly dosing, tends to modulate the therapeutic outcome positively due to bioregulation of altered GABA bio kinetics and neurogenic action. Thus this adjunction seems a boon in epilepsy management.

Debilidade mental: o patinho feio da clínica psicanalítica

A debilidade mental permanece com etiologia obscura, e hoje em dia é definida pela psiquiatria como o grau mais leve de todos os retardos mentais (QI entre 50 e 70). Além desta classificação métrica, a Clínica Psicanalítica define a Debilidade Mental como uma posição psíquica encontrada tanto em indivíduos saudáveis biologicamente quanto em portadores de alguma deficiência neurológica. Por esta concepção, a psicanálise pode contribuir ao debate do tema.

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Protein–Energy Wasting and Protein Wasting in End‐Stage Renal Disease

Protein wasting (PW) or protein-energy wasting (PEW) occurs commonly in patients with diabetes mellitus who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and are undergoing maintenance dialysis (MD) therapy. Some but not all studies indicate that PW or PEW is more prevalent in diabetic when compared with nondiabetic MD patients and that diabetic patients commencing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are more likely to lose fat-free, edema-free weight than are incident nondiabetic MHD patients. The causes of PW and PEW in diabetic MD patients are probably largely similar to those of nondiabetic MD patients. These causes include anorexia, reduced food intake, concurrent illnesses particularly when associated with inflammatory processes, physical or mental debility, removal of nutrients by dialysis procedure, acidemia, possibly physical deconditioning, and oxidant and carbonyl stress. However, diabetic MD patients are also at greater risk for PW or PEW from comorbidities related to diabetes per se. These disorders include ischemic vascular disease, hypertension, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neuropathy. Metabolic disorders such as insulin deficiency or resistance to the actions of insulin, and elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones may also contribute to PW or PEW in diabetic MD patients. Mechanisms by which these metabolic disorders in diabetic ESRD patients may cause PW or PEW are discussed.

Rehabilitation Programs for Elderly Women Inpatients with Schizophrenia

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe rehabilitation and resocialization methods we believe to be appropriate for application to female patients with schizophrenia, in a psychiatric unit with a predominantly older population. We briefly describe the unit and the interventions used as an example of the proposed rehabilitation and resocialization methods applied. The article provides an overview to guide accurate intervention, particularly in inpatient women, in different types of cognitive impairment under the broad category of schizophrenia. Our clinical approach includes a token economy approach, cognitive remediation therapy, and social skills training. The token economy intervention is particularly directed to patients that present with a high mental deterioration and/or debility. Cognitive remediation training is applicable to subjects with both cognitive and social dysfunction, but that do not possess signs of an organic cerebral illness or of substance abuse. Social skills training can be the third step to resocialization, training verbal and nonverbal communication competencies.

Can Health and Wellbeing Come in All Shapes and Sizes? Dieting: The Big Con. A Harm Minimisation Program

Stress, low self-esteem, mental illness issues and physical debility are recognised outcomes for women striving for an ideal body image (Paxton 2000). However, the prevailing discourse remains that healthy lifestyle relates to specific body size and shape. This message is evident throughout the media, which clearly links healthy people to slim bodies imbued with youth, vitality and good looks. Community health nurses, concerned for women in the community who were deemed overweight by the Body Mass Index scale and engaged in cyclic patterns of dieting, initiated a health promotion program, aimed at challenging such discourse. A multidisciplinary group involving expertise from nursing, nutrition, psychology and community members was established to develop and run a program for women, which focused on body image, healthy lifestyles and eating patterns. This paper discusses the outcomes of these programs, which challenge the argument that body size and shape determines health.

A prayer for Chernobyl

On 26 April 1986, at 01.23 hours and 58 seconds, a series of explosions destroyed the nuclear reactor and building of the fourth power generator unit of Chernobyl atomic power station. During World War II, the German fascists destroyed 619 Belarusian villages along with their inhabitants. As a result of the Chernobyl disaster, the country lost 485 villages and hamlets. During the war, one in four Belarusians lost their lives. After Chernobyl, one in five Belarusians, 2.1 million people, are living in contaminated territory. Seven hundred thousand of these are children. Ongoing low level radiation results in a year on year increase in the number of Belarusans suffering from cancers, mental debility, neuro-psychological disorders,and genetic mutations. 'Chernobyl' volume of the Belarusian Encyclopaedia, Minsk, 1996.

Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) causing hospital-acquired myiasis of a traumatic wound

A case of traumatic nosocomial myiasis caused by the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) occurred in a patient hospitalized following a serious road traffic accident. The patient had suffered extensive polytrauma particularly in the facial area of the skull. A total of 50 larvae was discovered in the oral cavity, nose, paranasal sinuses and enucleated eye-socket. Projected timing indicated that the eggs were laid while the patient was hospitalized. The development of myiasis was facilitated by the mental and physical debility and dependency of the patient, numerous and deep facial necrotic wounds and a lengthy period of hot weather which led to prolonged open window ventilation of his room.

THE SAD FATE OF DR MICHAEL UNDERWOOD'S WIDOWED DAUGHTER

The most advanced writer on diseases of children in the 18th century, according to G. F. Still, was Michael Underwood.1 He was the first to describe sclerema neonatorum, apneic attacks in the newborn, "malignant familial jaundice" of the newborn, and the first to write about congenital heart disease of children. His Treatise on the Diseases of Children (1784) passed through at least 17 editions and remained in favor for more than 60 years; the last American edition appeared in 1842. Unfortunately, Underwood apparently received no royalties from his textbook and died without being able to provide for his widowed daughter. Friends tried to help her by putting together a book entitled Extracts from the Diary of the Late Michael Underwood, M.D. (1823) that would then be sold to subscribers. In the prospectus for this book Underwood's friends poignantly described their reasons for publishing this book as follows: It is confidently hoped that the Friends of the late Dr Underwood, and more especially those in the Profession who are acquainted with the estimable works which he published on the "Diseases and Disorders of Children" &amp;c. will feel an interest in the case of his widowed Daughter, who now stands in need of the benevolent exertions of her Friends. She is in her fiftieth year, and is borne down by an accumulation of troubles, arising partly from the loss of relatives and friends, and partly from serious mental debility, which frequently incapacitates her for the humble and precarious employment of needlework, in which she is at other times engaged.

The Prevention of Genetic Disease and Mental Retardation

During the past two decades, progress in understanding some genetic defects responsible for many physical and mental debilities has been impressive. It is now recognized, for example, that mental retardation occurs in appreciable numbers of humans with numerical and structural chromosome disorders (Down syndrome, cri-du-chat syndrome, etc). In other individuals, a single gene abnormality such as phenolketonuria has been identified at birth, and treatment can now be initiated to preserve life and reduce the debility. With other diseases, such as mucopolysaccharide storage disease, a specific biochemical defect may be identified, but satisfactory treatment is not yet available. In still other abnormalities, the causes are understood poorly and no treatment exists. It is now even possible to identify several single gene diseases in the 16- to 20-week-old fetus by means of biochemical studies on cells obtained by amniocentesis; in addition, all gross chromosome disorders can be recognized prenatally. However, these

Family and youth in New China

The author reports on observations made on a recent five-week visit to new China. The general establishment of rural and urban communes since 1958, while affecting the structure of the home, does not appear to threaten the sense of family belonging. The commune has brought radical changes in social living; for instance, 80 p.c. of women who are physically fit work outside their homes. “Reformed through work”, adult criminals or juvenile delinquents are extremely rare. As early as three months, the child is placed in the communal “creche”. The pre-schooler is indulged by adults while the school-age child must work very hard on the academic level in addition to giving to the State several hours of manual work. The child and the teenager appear to be more concerned with socio-political themes than with conflicts which would exist in their relationships with their parents. Dating among adolescents is non-existent. According to the author, there would be few variations in psychotic conditions, but probably a marked decrease of psychoneuroses, character troubles and anti-social behaviour. Mental debility is denied by the official authorities. In conclusion, the author notes a fairly remarkable civic pride but at the same time a stereotyped attitude in thought and behaviour. The State does not place itself between the child and his parents, but rather above the latter. Understandably, such a society has assigned to each individual a definite role and this structure, at least at this phase, appears to be a favourable factor in the mental health of the Chinese.

Das Zwillingsproblem in der Psychiatrie

SUMMARYThe prevalence of psychological tendencies in psychiatry and the scarceness of material in our small country have resulted in a certain neglect of the problem of twin studies (as part of the theory of constitution and genetics). Uni-ovular twins - meaning identical in their heredity, monozygotes - enable us to reach important conclusions regarding the influence of constitution on, and the hereditary character of psychiatric diseases. Apart from observations at birth, uni-ovularity is proved by the method of similarities in physical and psychological Traits, esp. finger-prints, blood groups, and handwritings; recently another proof has been found in the electro-encephalogramm (EEG) which is identical in uni-ovulars. Bi-ovular or non-identical twins (dizygotes) have every mark of siblings, e.g. the statistical percentage concerning the hereditary character of certain illness, which percentage is much smaller than with uni-ovular. The cases of five pars of identical twins are presently recorded: two pairs in detailed observation by the writer, three pairs which have been referred to me by the kindness of several institutions in this country. (It is by chance only that all these pairs are female). Of these five observations, four concordant uni-ovular twins belong to the schizophrenic form, one to the maniac-depressive.The history and literature regarding this trend of studies are referred to at some length, esp. the findings on criminal twins (Johannes Lange et al.) and the exhaustive material of F. J. Kallmann, New York, which latter did observe 953 pairs of schizophrenics, 75 pairs of maniac-depressives, 96 involution psychoses, etc. These studies and those by other authors show a concordance - meaning appearance of the same illness in both twins -of nearly 100% in maniac-depressives, and of up to 86% in schizophrenics. The limited discordance in schizophrenia is dealt with and explained by factors other than environmental - or (as some hold) even psychological influences on the genesis of schizophrenia. The « mother-child complex », meaning the influence of earliest childhood, is unacceptable as a factor in the origin of child schizophrenia.Therefore, observation of twins provides important conclusions on the constitutional or hereditary character of serious psychoses, as well as on criminality, suicide, homo-sexuality, involution psychosis, epilepsy, mongolism, mental debility, and many other problems of psychiatry and the important problem of influences by « nature and nurture », or constitution and environment, on psychic illness. All these make it possible to revise, in the sense of genetic constitution, several opinions held in psychotherapy, psycho-analysis, and psycho-somatics.