Menarche In Mothers Research Articles

Early maternal menarche associated with overweight and obesity in children

Background: The age of maternal menarche is thought to be intergenerationally associated with the incidence of overweight and obesity in their offspring, but studies are limited. Objective: To determine the intergenerational relationship between maternal age at menarche and the incidence of childhood obesity and overweight at preschool age. Methods: This research is an analytic cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling method which was conducted in preschool in Denpasar, Bali. Younger maternal menarche was defined as the age of maternal menarche less than 12 years. Overweight and obesity in children are expressed based on the growth curve of the World Health Organization (WHO) Body Mass Index/Age > +2 SD. Results: This study was conducted from October to November 2019 involving 204 samples, with the proportion of overweight and obese children were 28.9%. The mean age of menarche in mothers was 13.28 (SD +1.97) years with 11% of mothers experiencing early maturation. The adjusted ratio prevalence of maternal menarche <11 years was 3.96 (95% CI 1.56-10.08) and the nutritional status of overweight and obesity in the father was 3.22 (95% CI 1.67-6.26). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that there was a relationship between younger maternal age at menarche and overweight and obesity nutritional status in fathers with the incidence of overweight and obesity in children.

Study of sexual maturity rating among female adolescents who have attained menarche

Background: Adolescence is an important stage in the growth and development of girls. There has been a change in sectorial trend in the onset of puberty menarche. Thus, this study is designed to study the change in sectorial trend. In this background the study has been framed with these objectives, to correlate the attainment of menarche among the subjects in relation to their mothers and to study the sexual maturity rating among the study subjects.Methods: This is a cross sectional observation study involving 70 female adolescent girls. Data was collected from study subjects admitted in the department of Pediatrics, KIMS Hospital and those visiting KIMS OPD during September 2018 to February 2019. Study Subjects were examined by the female investigator and data on anthropometry, Tanner SMR staging, and other examination findings were collected using a pretested standardized questionnaire, after taking the consent. Subjects were divided based on the age into six groups.Results: The mean age of attainment of menarche is 12.36 years and mean age at menarche in mothers was 14.18 years. In this study the earliest age of attainment of menarche is 10 years. In our study most of the subjects attained menarche between 12-13 years, which is earlier than the age of attainment of menarche in the mothers which was 14-15 years. All the subjects who attained menarche were in SMR Breast stages 3, 4 and 5 and pubic hair stages 2, 3, 4 and 5.Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between the ages of attainment of menarche in the mothers and the subjects in this study it is found that there is a positive correlation between age, weight, height and SMR Stages.

Maternal age at menarche and pubertal development in sons and daughters: a Nationwide Cohort Study.

Is maternal age at menarche associated with pubertal development in sons and daughters? Maternal age at menarche was associated with pubertal development in both sons and daughters. Studies have shown that age at menarche is greatly inherited from mother to daughter, but it remains largely unknown to what extent age at menarche in mothers is associated with timing of puberty in sons. In this population-based study we used data from the Puberty Cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Live-born singletons aged 11 were followed from 2012 to 2016. In total, 15 822 children (7697 sons and 8125 daughters) gave half-yearly information on puberty from the age of 11 years until full sexual maturity or 18 years of age through self-administrated questionnaires (participation rate 71%). Information on maternal age at menarche was reported by the mothers during pregnancy. Maternal age at menarche was used both as a continuous and as a categorical variable (earlier, same time or later than peers). A multivariable regression model for interval-censored data was used. Maternal age at menarche was positively associated with timing of genital development, pubic hair development, first ejaculation of semen, voice break, axillary hair development and acne in sons, and with timing of breast development, pubic hair development, menarche, axillary hair development and acne in daughters. In sons, the associations were of similar strength for all pubertal markers, whereas in daughters, the associations were strongest for breast development and menarche. Age at menarche was recalled during pregnancy. However, studies indicate that age at menarche is recalled moderately in adulthood. Information on puberty was self-reported, but inaccuracy of data would probably cause non-differential misclassification. Early maternal age at menarche was associated with earlier pubertal development, and late maternal age at menarche was associated with later pubertal development in both sons and daughters. The largest effect-estimates were for the associations between maternal age at menarche and the daughters' age at menarche and age at breast development. The study was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research (4183-00152). There are no competing interests. N/A.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the family members of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from North India.

Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most complex and common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive years. In addition to irregular menstrual cycles, chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, it has many metabolic manifestations such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease or possibly endometrial cancer. Familial clustering of PCOS in consistence with the genetic susceptibility has been described.Materials and Methods:The present study assessed the clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters including prevalence of metabolic syndrome by two different criteria in the first- degree relatives of patients with PCOS.Results:The average age of 37 index patients was 23 ± 3.6 years, with the mean age of menarche as 13.3 ± 1.2 years. The mean age and age of menarche in mothers (n = 22) was 48.8 ± 5.1 and 13 ± 1.3 years, respectively, whereas as it was 23.5 ± 4.7 and 13.3 ± 1.2 years in sisters (n = 22), respectively. Metabolic syndrome (MS) defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria was present in 10 index patients, 1 brother, 4 sisters, 17 mothers and 15 fathers while as by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) it was in 8 index patients, 5 sisters, 16 mothers and 11 fathers.Conclusion:The presence of MS or related metabolic derangements is high in the family members of women with PCOS.

Family Environments, Adrenarche, and Sexual Maturation: A Longitudinal Test of a Life History Model

Life history theorists have proposed that humans have evolved to be sensitive to specific features of early childhood environments and that exposure to different environments biases children toward development of different reproductive strategies, including differential pubertal timing. The current research provides a longitudinal test of this theory. Assessments of family environments, based on interviews with mothers and fathers, were conducted in preschool, and children were then followed prospectively through middle childhood. Adrenal hormones were assayed in a selected subsample of 120 children (73 girls) at age 7, and parent and child reports of secondary sexual characteristics were collected in the full female sample of 180 girls at age 11. Higher quality parental investment (from both mothers and fathers) and less father-reported Marital Conflict/Depression forecast later adrenarche. Older age at menarche in mothers, higher socioeconomic status, greater mother-based Parental Supportiveness, and lower third-grade body mass index each uniquely and significantly predicted later sexual development in daughters. Consistent with a life history perspective, quality of parental investment emerged as a central feature of the proximal family environment in relation to pubertal timing.

Age at menarche in a Chuvashian rural population

The secular trend and familial influences on age at menarche among a rural Chuvashian population was examined in a cross-sectional community-based study. The cohort included 617 females aged 18-80 years, with age at menarche ranging from 10 to 24 years (mean 15.4 +/- 2.1). Statistical analyses included simple linear regression, maximum likelihood estimation and a whiskers plot. Women born during the second through the fourth decade of the 20th century showed increasing mean values of age at menarche from 15.4 (second decade) up to 16.5 (fourth decade). Women born after the fourth decade showed a decrease in mean values from 15.5 (fifth decade) to 13.0 (ninth decade). The highest peak of age at menarche was in women born in 1932. Significant familial correlations were observed between adjusted to year of birth age at menarche in mothers and daughters r = 0.195, p<0.01 and sisters and sisters r = 0.404, p<0.01. Our study demonstrated the certain secular trends of age at menarche in Chuvashian women who matured after World War II. Periods of socio-economic disasters such as war and famine disrupt the secular trend. Our findings also confirm the hypothesis of significant familial influences on menarcheal age.

Correlation of age at menarche of mothers and daughters in Backa Palanka

Age at menarche is genetically determined, but it is also influenced by body mass index, growth speed, physical activity, social status and other factors. The aim of this study was to identify the average age at menarche, to study acceleration phenomena and correlation of age at menarche of mothers and their daughters in Backa Palanka. The survey involved 105 elementary school students (having menstrual cycles, specifically menarche) and 536 women, their mothers. The average age at menarche in girls was 12,17 and in their mothers at 13.08. SD was 0.95 in daughters, and 1.32 in mothers. In 33% of girls the age at menarche was the same as in their mothers, in 46% it was one year earlier or later, in 15% there was a two year difference and in the rest there was a three year difference. Our survey results clearly show that there is an acceleration phenomena involved. Genetic factor has the greatest influence on the age at menarche. However, there is also an acceleration phenomena. It is necessary to broaden the survey regarding the effects of physical activity and body mass index on age at menarche.

Familial resemblance for the age at menarche in Basque population

A cross-sectional sample from Biscay province (Basque Country, Spain) composed of 296 subjects from 143 nuclear families was analysed. The aim of this research was to study familial resemblance for the age at menarche and to investigate the influence that BMI, fatness and several socio-familial variables have on the menarcheal age. The influence of these variables on the degree of similarity of mother-daughter and sister-sister pairs for the age at onset of menstruation will be determined. Mean ages at menarche of mothers estimated by retrospective methodology (12.88 years, SD = 1.57) and daughters assessed by probit analysis (12.34 years, SD = 1.00) showed no statistically significant differences. Mother-daughter and sister-sister correlations increased after controlling for BMI, fatness and several socio-familial variables (0.25 vs 0.36 and 0.28 vs 0.44, respectively). The results revealed the importance of BMI, fatness, socio-economic level and the number of people living together in the household on menarcheal age and on the estimation of correlations. However, no influence from sibship size (possibly because this variable is a part of the people living together in the household) nor from birth order of the subjects was observed.

THE INFLUENCE OF GENETIC GROWTH POTENTIAL AND FETAL GROWTH ON STATURE IN 184 ELITE SPORTS CHILDREN

1583 Previous investigations have shown that some children subjected to intensive physical training have reduced or delayed growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of genetic growth potential and fetal growth on actual height in sports children. Stature was measured in 184 boys and girls, median age 11.2 years (range 9.2-13.9), training at elite level in swimming, tennis, team handball and gymnastics. Information on parental height, age at menarche of mothers, and birth weight was collected. Height was converted to standard deviation scores (SDS) for the normal Danish population. We found that height SDS was significantly reduced in both male (p=0.001) and female (p<0.0004) gymnasts compared to the other sports. Target height SDS was higher than actual height SDS in tennis players and gymnasts but lower in swimmers and team handball players. Mothers of female tennis players were older at menarche (p=0,033) than mothers of the other sports. No differences in birth weight were found between the groups. These data suggest that the genetic growth potential influence the choice of sports: Gymnasts were small in stature like their parents. Female tennis players were delayed in their growth indicated by later menarche age of their mothers and a small actual height compared to target height. Swimmers and team handball players were taller than expected suggesting a selection of more matured children in these sports.

Genetic and environmental factors affecting menarcheal age in Spanish women

Genetic and environmental contributions to menarcheal age were studied in 267 Spanish girls and women born between 1948 and 1981, and their mothers born between 1922 and 1959 (n = 200). Recalled age at menarche, as well as family environment characteristics (family size, birth order, father's occupation and father's educational level) were obtained from each woman. Mean age at menarche in mothers (13.45 years; SD = 1.51) was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than in daughters (13.03 +/- 1.28 years). Year of birth and family size accounted for a significant amount of the variation in age at menarche in both mothers and daughters, whereas occupation of the father only appeared related to menarcheal age in the mothers subsample. Birth order and father's educational level did not contribute significantly to the age at menarche. The mother-daughter and sister-sister correlations (maximum likelihood estimates) for age at menarche were 0.30 and 0.35, respectively (both significant at p < 0.001). This supports the genetic and environmental contribution to the age at menarche, even though the influence of environmental variables may change over time.

Stress and age at menarche of mothers and daughters

The hypothesis that psychological stress during early childhood leads to advanced reproductive maturation was assessed using data from the California Childhood Health and Development Study. Regression analyses failed to indicate that bed wetting, nightmares or thumb-sucking at age 5 predict age at menarche, regardless of controls for mother's age at menarche. Among socioeconomic variables suggested as contextual stressors measured at age 9-11 only mother's education was a significant predictor of daughter's age at menarche, though its effect is trivial compared to mother's age at menarche. Path analysis on a subsample of the subjects failed to demonstrate the hypothesised indirect effect of mother's age at menarche on daughter's age at menarche acting through early marriage and marital dissolution. These results cast doubt on the theory that early childhood stress is the key to divergent reproductive strategies among females based on the timing of reproductive maturation.