Memorial Prize Research Articles

Lactation Newsmakers: Documenting our History - Supporting Breastfeeding Exchange Relations by Building Equitable and Innovative Solutions: An Interview With João Aprigio Guerra de Almeida.

Professor Joao Aprigio Guerra de Almeida graduated in Food Engineering (UFV-1981) with a Master in Microbiology (UFV-1986) and a doctorate in Women's and Children's Health (Fiocruz/IFF, 1998) He is founder and coordinator of the Brazilian Human Milk Banks Network (Ministry of Health-Brasil/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz, 1987 to 2024); Head of the National Reference Center for Human Milk Banks at the National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescent Health Fernandes Figueira-IFF (Fiocruz/IFF, 1987 to 2024); Executive Secretary of the Ibero-American Human Milk Banks Network Program (Ibero-American General Secretariat-SEGIB/Brazilian Cooperation Agency-ABC/MS-FIOCRUZ, 2008 to 2020); Coordinator of International Technical Cooperation in Human Milk Banks ABC/Fiocruz/MS (2005 to 2024); and Coordinator of the Human Milk Banks Network of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries - CPLP (2017 to 2024). He has been recognized with the Sasakawa Health Prize (World Health Organization [WHO], 2001); as Officer of the Order of Rio Branco (Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 2001); with Global Health Challenges and Responses of the South in Time of Crisis (WHO, 2009); as Commendator of the Order of Rio Branco-Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil (2018); and Dr LEE Jong-wook Memorial Prize for Public Health (WHO, 2020). His areas of activity include Public Health, breastfeeding, Human Milk Banks, Public Management, and International Technical Cooperation.

Reflections on the 2023 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to Claudia Goldin

Reflections on the 2023 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to Claudia Goldin

The Cobb-Douglas Production Function and the Old Bowley's Law

Bowley's law, also referred to as the law of the constant wage share, was a noteworthy empirical finding in economics, suggesting that a nation's wage share tended to remain stable over time, as observed through most of the 20th century. The wage share represents the proportion of a country's economic output that is distributed to employees as compensation for their labor, usually in the form of wages. The term ''Bowley's law'' was coined in 1964 by Paul Samuelson, the first American laureate of the Nobel memorial prize in economic sciences. He attributed this principle to Sir Arthur Bowley, an English economist, mathematician, and statistician. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model derived from data for the American economy, originally employed by Cobb and Douglas in 1928 to validate the renowned Cobb-Douglas production function. We utilize symmetry methods, particularly those developed by Peter Olver, to elucidate the validity of Bowley's law within our model's framework. By employing these advanced mathematical techniques, our objective is to elucidate the factors contributing to the stability of the wage share over time. We demonstrate that the validity of both Bowley's law and the Cobb-Douglas production function arises from the robust growth of an economy, characterized by expansion in capital, labor, and production, which can be approximated by an exponential function. Through our analysis, we aim to offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that support Bowley's law and its implications for comprehending income distribution patterns in economies.

Soliciting Essay Submissions for the John Fisher Memorial Prize of 2025

Soliciting Essay Submissions for the John Fisher Memorial Prize of 2025

Dr. Francis Wayne Quan Memorial Prize 2023.

Dr. Francis Wayne Quan Memorial Prize 2023.

Microfinance trials on trial

ABSTRACT Microfinance has attracted great attention, stimulated, initially, by its association with the award of the Nobel Prize for Peace, based on its transformative potential in addressing poverty. However, work based on randomised trials associated with the award of the Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, put the brakes on. As health economists, and given their promotion as a ‘gold standard’ method borrowed from medicine, we take a particular perspective on the microfinance trials. We question whether full account had been taken of methodological developments in the health arena that were in place before the microfinance trials were embarked upon. This may help explain the outcomes of research, subsequent to the trials, casting doubt on their initial results, but also aid calls for even greater attention to be paid to developments in health evaluations – many drawing from social science more broadly – to better explain what works for whom in which circumstances.

Psychological Disposition in the Select Novels of Zadie Smith

Psychology and Philosophy are intertwined. Psychology deals with belief and feelings, which cannot be separated. Considering psychology, many writers adapted the idea of Sigmund Freud who explained about conscious and unconscious mind. The combination of Id, ego and super ego were accepted and this was blended in literature to describe various characters in their writings. Female and male writers tried to bring out various aspects of mind, emotions and feelings in their works. They tried to analyze the characters in depth and bring out the psychological aspects, which affects them. Various female writers in British Literature such as George Eliot, Agatha Christie, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte were all brought out in their works the inner struggle and turmoil of their characters especially female characters. Zadie Smith, a contemporary writer, born to a Jamaican mother and an English father, has joined the list. She is a novelist and an essayist. Her debut novel ‘White Teeth’ won James Tait Black Memorial Prize and Betty Trask Award. She writes about the social controversies and her treatment of race and culture is well known. Zadie satirically shows the psychological struggle, suppression and oppression of the characters and multicultural aspects. She even depicts the inner turmoil of each character in her work. In all her novels, the reader can find many themes especially, cultural discrepancies, which has been rooted in their blood with an attitude, which is blended in their society.

The Frank R. Breul Memorial Prize

The Frank R. Breul Memorial Prize

Time for women (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2023)

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Claudia Goldin for her contribution to the study of women’s labor market outcomes. Goldin’s work establishes key historical facts regarding gender differences in the labor markets and provides insights into the driving forces of those gaps. Her methodology combines careful archival research, neoclassical microeconomic analysis, a cohort approach, and the use of natural experiments to identify causal relationships. This paper provides a survey of Goldin’s research on the relationship between economic development and the female labor supply, occupational segmentation, women’s educational attainment, discrimination, child penalty, and job flexibility. I also discuss how Goldin’s findings are relevant to understanding the gender gaps in Russia.

Gordon Smith and Vincent Wright Memorial Prizes 2023

Gordon Smith and Vincent Wright Memorial Prizes 2023

Жінки перемагають: Клаудіа Голдін – лауреатка премії з економічних наук пам’яті імені Альфреда Нобеля 2023 року

The article highlights the main autobiographical events and scientific contribution of the American economic historian, Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin. This year, she was awarded the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for significant scientific achievements in explaining essential causes of gender differences in the labor market. For the first time, the laureate has provided comprehensive evidence of changes in women’s wages and their participation in the US labor market over two centuries, which had previously been largely unknown. Using historical and economic analysis, C. Goldin showed that despite technological development, economic growth and an increase in the share of employed women in the 20th century, the income gap between women and men almost did not disappear over a long period. However, women’s educational attainment has steadily increased, and in most high-income countries, it is now significantly higher compared with men. In her research, she demonstrated that, in addition to education, women’s access to contraceptives played a crucial role in accelerating revolutionary changes that provided new opportunities for career, marriage, and family planning. C. Goldin explained that most of the gender gap in income before the 1980s was caused by differences in education and career choices between women and men. Exceptionally, the situation changed when women got married and did not return to the labor market. Therefore, in her research on gender pay inequality, C. Goldin focused on analyzing the behavior of married women and changes in their incomes during marriage. Thus, the researcher proved that income inequality in married couples (woman and man) still exists, even if they both have high-paying jobs or are engaged in the same profession. This difference in income occurs mainly with the birth of the first child.

Reflections on the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens

The 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”, and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”. Lennart B. Ackermans reflects on Card, Angrist, and Imben's work.

2022 Margaret Church MFS Memorial Prize

2022 Margaret Church MFS Memorial Prize

Theoretical foundations of strategic motivation in the works of Nobel laureates

The purpose of the article is to expand the existing theoretical and applied understanding of strategic motivation by identifying certain aspects of this issue in the scientific works of Laureates of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (officially known as The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel) in the period from 2000 to 2022.The introduction discusses the differences in the understanding of the terms “strategic motivation” and “motivation” in the works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners, notes a long-term, future-oriented understanding of strategic motivation and its difference from the predominantly operational nature of motivation in the understanding of the classics of management science. The main part of the article sequentially analyzes the lectures and additional materials of the award committee, scientific articles, books and monographs of the laureates related to the research topics for which the award was awarded. The analysis highlights the main aspects of scientists’ research related to strategic motivation, its place and significance in the process of developing and implementing a strategy. Intermediate conclusions are made about the views and positions on the topic under consideration of each laureate, whose work was analyzed in the article. At the end of the article a general conclusion is formulated about the relevance and interdisciplinary (at the intersection of the natural sciences and liberal arts) nature of the issue of strategic motivation, emphasis is placed on the emerging trend towards considering predominantly non-material, psychological and behavioral aspects of the subject under study, the role of innovation in stimulating micro- and macro-levels. The conclusion is made about how it is possible to expand and supplement the existing understanding of strategic motivation taking into account the considered materials. It is noted that the conclusions made on the basis of the analysis can be applied in further research, as well as in practice when creating a system of strategic motivation in enterprises.The analysis is based on the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing of the Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Life-time), Dr. Sc. (Econ.), Vladimir L. Kvint.

Reflections on the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig

The 2022 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises”. Jens van 't Klooster reflects on Bernanke, Diamond, and Dybvig's work.

The Radzinowicz Memorial Prize

Journal Article The Radzinowicz Memorial Prize Get access The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 63, Issue 3, May 2023, Page 809, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azad016 Published: 04 May 2023

Dr. Francis Wayne Quan Memorial Prize 2022.

Dr. Francis Wayne Quan Memorial Prize 2022.

The Frank R. Breul Memorial Prize

The Frank R. Breul Memorial Prize

Economics of banks and financial markets (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2022)

The article provides a brief introduction to the research on banks and finan- cial crises, for which the 2022 Nobel prize in economic sciences was awarded. Forty years ago, the works of Diamond and Dybvig highlighted the critical role banks play in maturity transformation and explained why this role makes banking crises a natural byproduct, thus providing a theoretical basis for modern banking regulation. The concurrent work by Bernanke on the Great Depression, the worst peace-time economic crisis in mature market economies, demonstrated that banks’ closures were a critical factor in making the depression so deep and prolonged.

Nobel laureates’ contributions to and impacts on operations management

Operations management (OM) has evolved to its current status due to the contributions of researchers in many fields including economics, finance, behavioral sciences, operations research/management science, mathematics, statistics, and computer science. Many of these contributors are Nobel laureates—winners of the highest academic award. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded to those with monumental works in economics. Yet, some winners have also made contributions to operations management, the field of this journal. Others have developed important concepts and techniques that have made an enormous impact on OM research. Here, we describe the OM contributions as well as the impactful concepts of these Laureates.