This paper examines the promotional, training, legislative, research and publication, and co-operation activities of the Swaziland Library Association (SWALA) to assess its achievements and failures and ascertain constraints. Data used in the study comprised SWALA records and discussions with members. The study indicates that between 1984 and 1996, SWALA laid the foundation for library development in Swaziland; created some sense of professional identity; attracted funding for professional training and other resources to support its programmes; and established a current awareness service that keeps the profession abreast with international trends. However, librarianship is overshadowed by other professions. Library operations are constrained by either lack of or restrictive legislation. Swaziland does not have a union catalogue and SWALA serial publications are not frequent. Most problems are attributable to human resources, financial and leadership constraints and lack of commitment. Recommendations made include, membership needs surveys, a strategic plan prioritising legislation and training, administrative, leadership and communication improvements, and an increase in institutional membership subscription rates and working relations with allied professions.