Reactions Of Members Research Articles

Evaluasi Model Kirkpatrick Pada UMKM SIBA Rosella Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Tanjung Enim

The aims of this study is to provide an overview of the evaluation results of the UMKM (MSME) SIBA Rosella program in an effort to improve family welfare in Tanjung Enim. The type of the research is descriptive qualitative that using the Kirkpatrick model evaluation method with 4 levels of evaluation, namely reaction evaluation, learning evaluation, behavior evaluation, and outcome evaluation. The data in this study were obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. There were six research subjects consisting of the chairperson, treasurer, and members of the UMKM. The results of the program evaluation on the reaction evaluation show that; there is a member's reaction to the existing infrastructure and facilities that are adequate, there is a member's reaction to the income or income earned is still lacking and there is a member's reaction to the existing teachers, media and learning strategies that have supported the program. The learning evaluation shows an increase in knowledge, skills and also a change in attitude that occurs in members before and after participating in the program. Behavioral evaluation shows that; there are a change in behavior that causes obstacles, a change in the behavior of mistakes that results in a reprimand, a change in the behavior of active members in teamwork and an increase in performance and understanding of members. Evaluation of the results shows that the number of products sold has not shown sufficient results so that it has an impact on members' income which is still lacking, income is not suitable and economic conditions do not show changes in meeting the economic needs of members, and family needs problems cannot be resolved by members. From the evaluation of the UMKM (MSME) SIBA Rosella program that has been carried out, the results obtained have not been able to support efforts to improve family welfare in Tanjung Enim.

Gender Stereotyping and the Jersey Shore: A Content Analysis

Reality television is a highly popular genre, with a growing body of scholarly research. Unlike scripted programming, which offers fictional storylines, reality television relies heavily on cast member's reactions to carefully crafted situations. This study examined the relationship between reality television and gender role stereotyping in a seminal reality television show, MTV's Jersey Shore. Content analysis was used to conduct an in-depth examination of the first season of Jersey Shore, investigating three gendered issues: physical appearance, social roles and behavioral traits. Findings demonstrated the carefully manufactured relationship between gender role stereotyping and reality television programming in Jersey Shore, and illustrate the development of the female reality show character as related to sexualized behavior and social/emotional gender stereotypes. The depiction of female reality show characters seems to have increased its level of sensationalism, while continuing to be cliched and conventional, while depiction of male characters is beginning to push the boundaries of being typecast in regards to their physical appearance and role in performing domestic tasks. Additionally, physical alterations on screen were many, warranting further investigation of this behavior.

Considerations for psychosocial support following burn injury—A family perspective

As part of a larger study involving burned adults and parents of burned children, family members were asked for their views regarding the impact of burn on themselves and the family ( N = 50). The aim is to describe the range of psychosocial issues that psychosocial support programmes may need to address. This paper reports on the content analysis of specifically designed self-completion questionnaires. The results reveal commonalities within support needs across the three study groups (siblings, children, and partners). These are recommended as key elements in a family support programme: (i) normalising of family member's reactions to the burn. (ii) Advice, support, and information regarding scar permanence, realistic outcome expectations, acceptance of altered appearance, and potential after-effects of burn. (iii) Support in understanding how a burned individual may change or respond following injury and advice regarding constructive methods of coping with altered family dynamics and after-effects of burn. (iv) Advice to enable family members and their burned relative to effectively deal with potentially uncomfortable social encounters.

Communication openness, conflict events and reactions to conflict in culturally diverse workgroups

PurposeThis research paper aims to advance the understanding of the circumstances under which diversity may be beneficial or detrimental for quality group process. Especially, the paper seeks to argue that communication openness is antecedent to the differing group members’ reactions to conflict events, which, in turn, are proposed to impact group's task and social outcomes in culturally diverse workgroups (CDWs).Design/methodology/approachUsing social identity theory as the springboard, we built on existing literature to hypothesize the proposed relationships among variables. These relationships were tested quantitatively using multiple regression.FindingsThere are a couple of significant findings from the current research. Direct effects include groups with low levels of communication openness were linked with increased destructive reactions to conflict, bullying behaviors and emotional reactions to bullying; and destructive reactions to conflict were associated with emotional reactions to bullying. Moderating effects include: high levels of communication openness moderated high levels of productive reactions to conflict for decreased bullying behaviors in groups; communication openness made a difference on bullying when destructive reactions to conflict higher; and lower levels of communication openness moderated destructive reactions for increased emotional reactions to bullying.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited by its reliance on data that focused on primarily on cultural diversity consequently, the impact of gender, age, and other forms of diversity has not been controlled. Future research should consider the impact of age and other forms of diversity in teasing out the effect of communication openness on bullying behaviors.Practical implicationsThe results from this study have implications for leaders of CDWs. A leader who is able to manage the reactions to conflict, especially destructive reactions to conflict by increasing communication openness may be able to reduce the perception of bullying behaviors and emotional reactions to bullying. These actions should, in turn, lead to increased group task outcomes.Originality/valueFirst, this current paper is one of the first few studies that quantitatively examined bullying in organizational workgroups and in particular, culturally heterogeneous workgroups. Secondly, the paper is also one of the first few papers to examine the role of communication openness and reactions to conflict in workplace bullying and emotional reactions to bullying. Consequently, the paper will be useful for group members and managers as well as leaders of workgroups that experience conflict and bullying. Specifically, such leaders will need not only to manage conflict skillfully but also manage the group member's reaction to conflict to reduce bullying and emotions of bullying in their workgroups.

Vertical Strategic Interaction: Implications for Channel Pricing Strategy

This paper examines two strategic pricing decisions within channels: using foresight (i.e., price leadership) and considering category implications (i.e., product line pricing). Are price leadership and product line pricing always the best pricing strategies for a channel member? If not, when does this occur and why? By investigating these questions, we address some major concerns of both marketing practitioners and scholars interested in channel management issues. In addition, this study provides an indepth discussion on why previous analytic studies produced answers to these questions that depend upon the choice of the form of demand functions. As such, this study should significantly resolve the debate among analytic marketing modelers about the “right” demand specification. At the core of our discussion lies the concept of vertical strategic interaction, which is defined in terms of the direction of a channel member's reaction to the actions of its channel partner within a given demand structure. Specifically, if a channel member's best reaction is to reduce its margin when its channel partner increases its margin, the type of vertical strategic interaction is referred to as vertical strategic substitutability (VSS). If the best reaction is to increase the margin, the environment is referred to as vertical strategic complementarity (VSC). If the best reaction is no margin change, it is referred to as vertical strategic independence (VSI). Using a game theoretic approach, we demonstrate that these three types of vertical strategic interactions represent a key driving force for optimal decisions on channel price leadership and product line pricing. Our investigation involves mathematical analyses of an industry model composed of two manufacturers selling competing products, both carried by two competing retailers. As such, the model allows for retailer product line pricing as well as manufacturer and retailer level competition. In addition, this general model can be used to analyze three more restrictive industry settings often found in the channels literature, i.e., a bilateral monopoly (Jeuland and Shugan [Jeuland, Abel, Steven M. Shugan. 1983. Managing channel profits. Marketing Sci. 2(Summer) 239–72.]), two competing manufacturers selling through competing franchised retailers (McGuire and Staelin [McGuire, Timothy W., Richard Staelin. 1983. An industry equilibrium analysis of downstream vertical integration. Marketing Sci. 2(Spring) 161–92.]), and two competing manufacturers selling through one common retailer using product line pricing (Choi [Choi, S. Chan. 1991. Price competition in a channel structure with a common retailer. Marketing Sci. 10(Fall) 271–96.]). Unlike many other channel studies, most of our analyses are performed without assuming particular functional forms of demand curves. Thus, this paper provides greater assurance that the insights from this stream of research are broadly applicable, not only across industry structures but also across demand conditions. The paper starts out by defining three different rules for how prices are set: The manufacturer uses foresight, the retailer uses foresight, and neither channel member uses foresight. We then show a one-to-one mapping between the type of vertical strategic interaction and the optimality of channel price leadership. Specifically, a channel member finds it profitable to be a price leader for VSS but prefers to be a follower for VSC. For VSI, channel members are indifferent to the channel price leadership issue, as it has no effect on channel member profits. We also show that there exist conditions under which a retailer might see a reduction in profits when it changes its policy from non-product line pricing to product line pricing. Such conditions arise when the retailer is not a price leader and the environment is characterized by VSS or VSC. At a more general level, this study suggests not only the value but also the cost to a firm for using superior knowledge (i.e., foresight and/or product line pricing) in making strategic marketing decisions. In this way, “ignorance can be bliss.” We also explore the link between demand characteristics and the three types of vertical strategic interaction. We show that the type of vertical strategic interaction present in a given environment is closely related with the convexity of the demand curve and the level of demand for a given price. Interestingly, we find that linearity of demand is not a necessary condition for any of the three types of vertical strategic demand function. Consequently, in evaluating the robustness of analytic analyses, it may be more important to determine the type of vertical strategic interaction assumed instead of whether the demand is linear or nonlinear. Finally, our results are limited to situations where the channels are not coordinated and the retailer's precommitment to particular pricing policy and decision is credible. Although such situations still capture a significant portion of reality, we acknowledge that the insights from this study might not be applicable in all situations.

Encoding methods for combinatorial chemistry

Assuming that the chemical reactions used to synthesize a combinatorial library member are successful, then knowledge of the specific reaction sequence is equivalent to knowing the member's chemical identity. Because the determination of chemical identity is typically not automatable and requires a substantial amount of material, schemes that encode a member's reaction history onto the reaction platform are of value. The primary benefits of encoding are relational nomenclature (all methods) and automated handling (some methods). Encoding methods evaluated to date are spatial, graphical, chemical, spectrometric, electronic, and physical.

Survivor guilt: one way to understand a reaction to the space shuttle explosion.

The concept of survivor guilt is presented in both its narrow and wider dimensions. An illustration of survivor guilt is described in terms of one group therapy member's reaction to the space shuttle explosion. Clinical implications for dealing with national tragedies are suggested.

Do groups always inhibit individuals responses to potential emergencies?

Previous studies of bystander intervention in emergencies have found that an individual is more likely to intervene if he witnesses the emergency alone than as a member of a group. The present study qualifies this general finding in the framework of group communication processes. Pairs of subjects working on a task overheard a loud crash in an adjoining room. Some pairs of subjects were seated in a pattern that facilitated the visual communication exchanges that naturally occur when a noisy event takes place and others were seated so as to block these communications. When the emergency occurred, groups which could exchange reactions were not reliably less likely to respond than were a third group of subjects who faced the emergency alone. The blocked communications groups tended not to respond and responded significantly less than the other two conditions. These results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that a group of people who witness an ambiguous event interact to arrive at a definition or interpretatio n of it, which then guides each member's reactions to the event. From studies of bystander intervention in emergencies, one empirical generalization emerges: An individual who witnesses a potential emergency alone is more likely to intervene than one who witnesses it as a member of a group. This has been found whether the emergency involves smoke pouring into a waiting room (Latane & Darley,