Members Of Minority Groups Research Articles

Impostor phenomenon short scale (IPSS-3): a novel measure to capture impostor feelings in large-scale and longitudinal surveys

The Imposter Phenomenon (IP) is gaining increasing attention in academia, not only as an overall attractive research topic but also as a concern that especially affects members of minority groups. Nevertheless, there is little evidence for the occurrence and socio-structural correlates of the IP. Against the backdrop of a pressing need to contextualize the IP, this paper provides (1) an overview of the existing empirical evidence on the IP from a perspective that incorporates the role of social contexts, (2) highlights shortcomings in both existing theoretical approaches and methodological tools, (3) introduces the Impostor Phenomenon Short Scale (IPSS-3) as a novel, time-efficient and universally applicable IP measure, and (4) underscores that the IP, in fact, does not occur in a social vacuum but is closely intertwined with socio-structural characteristics. To this end, the paper draws on three distinct data sets gathered among German adolescents and adults for the development of the IPSS-3 (Study 1: n = 271), its validation (Study 2: n = 427), and to assess the IP’s socio-structural correlates (Study 3: n = 865). The findings demonstrate that the IPSS-3 represents the first time-efficient and universally applicable instrument suitable for capturing the IP in large-scale and longitudinal research designs, e.g., initiated in adolescence. Thus, the IPSS-3 can address key open questions related to age effects, the role of transitions in the life course, and systematic variations in IP intensity among different social groups.

Reducing Digital Inequities: The Role of Helping Professionals in Designing Just and Inclusive Strategies

This policy brief calls on social workers and other helping professionals to participate in efforts to address broadband internet access inequities. We first highlight continuing access inequities and their consequences for low-income persons, as well as older persons, minority group members, those with disabilities, and those living in rural areas. We then describe new initiatives to improve broadband access and digital literacy through state and local programs funded by the 2021 $65 billion federal Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Finally, strategies are discussed for social worker engagement in such work, which include policy advocacy, contributing to the implementation of emerging programs, and serving as information conveyors to their clients concerning digital access and literacy training opportunities.

Double jeopardy? China’s minority migrant children in comparative perspective

ABSTRACT China has 125 million ethnic minority group members and an increasing number of minority children move to cities for better opportunities. Using data from the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and drawing on the theories of family migration, push-pull forces, and social capital, we compare migration patterns of minority and Han children in China. Results show minority children have a higher probability of joining migrant parents than Han children. However, this may not necessarily lead to more desirable outcomes. Due to limited urban educational resources and their special needs, many school-age minority migrant children work instead of attending school. They also tend to move to areas with higher minority concentrations, potentially reducing socioeconomic mobility. Compared to Han migrant children, who are already disadvantaged in many ways in urban China, ethnic minority children face additional challenges. This warrants increased attention from scholars and policymakers. While our measurement of ethnic networks has limitations and requires further research, our key conclusions about ethnic minority migrants are robust and well-supported.

Top-down racial biases in size perception: A registered replication and extension of

Biases in the perception and judgment of members of race-based and ethnicity-based minority groups are prevalent, often resulting in detrimental outcomes for these individuals. One such bias is a threat-related stereotype, associating specific race and ethnicity-based social groups with aggressiveness, violence, and criminality. In the US context, Black men are often victims of such bias. Recent evidence suggests that threat-related stereotypes are also linked to biased perceptions, such that perceivers overestimate the body size of Black relative to White men, even in the absence of perceptual differences between them. That is, mere top-down social category information was sufficient to induce perceptual biases in size perception related to threat (Wilson et al., 2017, Study 7). Considering the novelty of this finding and its theoretical importance, we suggested a registered replication of this finding to assess its robustness across laboratories, participants, and social groups. We conducted a direct replication (Study 1, N = 280) of the effect reported by Wilson and colleagues, followed by a conceptual replication (Study 2, N = 280) that tested the generalization of the original findings to another population (Israeli residents) and a different target social group (Muslim Israelis) frequently stereotyped as threatening in this population. Participants did not overestimate the body size of Black or Muslim Israeli targets, pointing to a failed replication of the original effect. These findings suggest that the effects of purely top-down social category information on threat-related perception and judgment are less robust than previously assumed.

Through the eyes of my peers: Sharing perceptions of unequal treatment in ethno-racially diverse classrooms.

Perceptions of unequal treatment, especially when shared, can challenge the status-quo. Starting from the social grounding of shared perceptions, we ask when perceptions of inequality align and converge in ethno-racially diverse peer groups. We are especially interested when perceptions are shared among peers across ethno-racial group boundaries. Social-psychological research suggests asymmetric sharing: Ethno-racial minority group members often see less inequality with more majority contact, while in some cases ethno-racial majority members perceive more inequality with more minority contact. Therefore, we ask if perceptions of inequality are shared across minority and majority groups within time and if perceptions of inequality converge over time. We focus on schools as sites of inequality and cross-group interactions. First, we tested our predictions with 290 minority and 468 majority youth in 53 classes in the United States using multilevel modelling. Next, we implemented follow-up studies in Belgium with 1,800 minority and 1,700 majority adolescents in 433 classes using longitudinal multilevel models. In line with intragroup sharing, minority and majority youth shared their minority and majority peers' perceptions of inequality, respectively. Furthermore, we documented cross-group sharing: Majority youth also shared their minority peers' perceptions, especially in contexts with higher minority proportions. We found consistent evidence of sharing minority perceptions, so that both majority and minority youth would see inequality through their minority peers' eyes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The minority-groups homogeneity effect: Seeing members of different minority groups as more similar to each other than members of the majority.

The widely documented "outgroup homogeneity effect" refers to people's tendency to view members of groups to which they do not belong (outgroups) as more similar to one another than members of their own groups (ingroups). Here, we present evidence for a novel but related phenomenon: People tend to view members of different minority groups as collectively more similar to one another than members of the majority group are to one another. Across nine studies (and four studies reported in the Supplemental Materials), we demonstrate a robust "minority-groups homogeneity effect" among participants from both majority groups (Studies 1-5) and minority groups (Studies 6-8), albeit less consistently among the latter. We provide experimental support for the role of beliefs in the common fate of minorities in driving this effect: When participants are led to believe that minority groups do not share a common fate, they no longer rate them as more similar than the majority (Study 9). These studies shed light on a broad pattern of social perception that may influence how members of different groups interact with one another and how they respond to cultural and demographic changes in society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A majority group perspective on the association between perceived national identification of minority groups and minority helping

AbstractPrevious research has shown that majority group members are more willing to help minority group members of the same nation, particularly when the majority group members strongly identify with the national group. However, existing research has overlooked the extent to which the majority group's perception of how strongly minority groups identify with the national group (i.e., the perceived national identification of minority groups) explains minority helping (i.e., the majority group's intentions to help minority groups). To fill this void, we conducted a correlational survey among 980 Javanese, the ethnic majority in Indonesia. The results revealed that the perceived national identification of non‐Javanese minorities positively corresponded with the majority group's national identification. More perceived national identification of the minority groups and the majority group's national identification significantly correlated with more positive attitudes, liking, and helping intentions toward the minority groups. Finally, the perceptions that the non‐Javanese rejected the majority group's aspiration to exert control over them (i.e., the perceived denial of the need for power) negatively predicted the perceived national identification of the minority groups and minority helping. The perceived national identity of minority groups can influence minority helping; however, the perceived denial of the need for power may hinder it.

Supplemental Material for The Minority-Groups Homogeneity Effect: Seeing Members of Different Minority Groups as More Similar to Each Other Than Members of the Majority

Supplemental Material for The Minority-Groups Homogeneity Effect: Seeing Members of Different Minority Groups as More Similar to Each Other Than Members of the Majority

Delegitimizing protest: Psychology's omissions and commissions

AbstractPsychological research has failed to take accountability for the ways it has aligned with State interests, at the expense of solidarity with Black people protesting the criminal legal system and pursuing liberation in the U.S. Through a case study analysis of six psychological research articles, ranging from 1968 to 2022, this paper tracks evidence of psychology's alignment with the State's interests. Evidence emerges in clinical disease(s) assigned to enslaved and incarcerated Black people (drapetomania, protest psychosis) and in empirical assumptions and (il)logics binding research methods and analyses. While theoretical and methodological frameworks, language (“patients,” “rioters,” “ghetto residents,” “minority group members”) and levels of analysis (psyche, personality, social, community, identity, movement) evolve over time and across subdisciplines, racialized carceral ideologies persist across psychological research approaches. By tracing carceral footprints across this vast psychological literature, this analysis reveals how traditional empirical research weaponized pathologizing and criminalizing accounts to delegitimize Black protests of State violence from the Civil Rights Movement to the Movement for Black Lives and beyond.

Hospital Strain During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Outcomes in Older Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults

Marginalized populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Critically ill patients belonging to racial and ethnic minority populations treated in hospitals operating under crisis or near-crisis conditions may have experienced worse outcomes than White individuals. To examine whether hospital strain was associated with worse outcomes for older patients hospitalized with sepsis and whether these increases in poor outcomes were greater for members of racial and ethnic minority groups compared with White individuals. In this cross-sectional study, multivariable regression analysis was conducted to assess differential changes in all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity among older racial and ethnic minoritized individuals hospitalized with sepsis compared with White individuals and changes in hospital strain using Medicare claims data. Data were obtained on patients hospitalized between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, and analyzed between December 16, 2023, and July 11, 2024. Time-varying weekly hospital percentage of inpatients with COVID-19. Composite of all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity. Among the 5 899 869 hospitalizations for sepsis (51.5% women; mean [SD] age, 78.2 [8.8] years), there were 177 864 (3.0%) Asian, 664 648 (11.3%) Black, 522 964 (8.9%) Hispanic, and 4 534 393 (76.9%) White individuals. During weeks when the hospital COVID-19 burden was greater than 40%, the risk of death or major morbidity increased nearly 2-fold (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.80-2.00; P < .001) for White individuals compared with before the pandemic. Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals experienced 44% (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.28-1.61; P < .001), 21% (AOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33; P < .001), and 45% (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32-1.59; P < .001) higher risk of death or morbidity, respectively, compared with White individuals when the hospital weekly COVID-19 burden was greater than 40%. In this cross-sectional study, older adults hospitalized with sepsis were more likely to die or experience major morbidity as the hospital COVID-19 burden increased. These increases in adverse outcomes were greater in magnitude among members of minority populations than for White individuals.

Different power perceptions based on socially situated needs: Findings from a qualitative study among Asian Americans.

While power is often defined and operationalized as control or influence over others, alternative conceptualizations define power as the ability to meet various fundamental needs. We argue that this conceptualization may better capture how marginalized minority group members understand their group's power or powerlessness. However, there is little research examining how people themselves construe group-based power. The present study, therefore, used qualitative inquiry to examine perceived ingroup power among Asian Americans, an underrepresented racial minority group with an ambivalent power status in society. Reflexive thematic analysis of 25 interviews illustrated the relevance of Prilleltensky's (J. Community Psychol., 36, 2008, 116) psychopolitical conceptualization of power. Specifically, we identified eight themes that reflect various context-specific construals of power as oppression, wellness and liberation. Additionally, the findings suggest the need to consider intragroup heterogeneity in power and to situate how power is understood in the given sociopolitical, structural context.

Beyond the Binary: The Issue of Intra-Minority Hostility and the Need to Challenge Conventional Victim/Perpetrator Frameworks Within Hate Studies.

It is well-established within the hate studies literature that the majority of hate crimes and incidents of targeted hostility are perpetrated by those in the "majority" society. In the UK, academic and official research consistently shows that young White, British males are most commonly the culprits of all forms of targeted victimization, especially racist hate. However, urban areas of "super-diversity" offer researchers an opportunity to understand hate crime victimization and perpetration in a more nuanced and comprehensive way. Hate studies research has slowly begun to highlight instances of people from marginalized and stigmatized groups being targeted on the basis of their identity by individuals who are also members of minority groups, sometimes even the same minority group as the victim. Very little is understood about this particular victimizing dynamic other than it appears to be an attempt by minority group members to "fit in" by adopting what they perceive to be majority group values and attitudes. By drawing from 44 qualitative in-depth interviews exploring the experiences of new migrants and refugees and observations from 20 months of grassroots engagement, this article challenges established theories of "othering" that overwhelmingly refer to binary, static majority/minority tensions. The stories of these too-often "hidden" victims of targeted hostility offer a fresh perspective on the relationships between victims of hate and perpetrators. The article also contributes new explanations as to why those who are often targeted go on to target others.

Intersecting identities, diverging visions: Christian nationalism, race, gender, and prioritizing equality or liberty

ABSTRACT Liberal democracies hold in tension two socio-political values, liberty and equality, with the understanding that prioritizing one often means sacrificing the other. In the United States, views on which value to prioritize (and even how to define them) are shaped by the intersections of race, gender, and religion. We theorize Christian nationalism’s association with prioritizing equality or liberty is contingent on Americans’ racial and gender identities, and specifically, their status as majority- or minority-group members. Though Christian nationalism in general is associated with prioritizing liberty over equality, results reveal clear racial, gender, and race-gender divergence. Unlike non-Black Americans, Black Americans do not prioritize liberty as Christian nationalism increases, and women are less likely to do so than men. The most striking pattern, however, appears at the intersection of race and gender: unlike every other race-gender combination, Black women are more likely to prioritize equality over liberty as Christian nationalism increases.

Primary Care Telehealth Initiation and Engagement Among Veterans at High Risk, 2019-2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) expanded telehealth infrastructure. Understanding telehealth initiation and sustained engagement could inform future resource allocation for high-need populations. To describe and examine primary care use, including initiation, use, and engagement factors, of telehealth modalities (telephone, video visits, and secure messaging) from 2020 to 2022. This cohort study was conducted among 1 383 070 patients in the 75th or higher percentile for 90-day risk of hospitalization or mortality (using previously validated Care Assessment Need scores) engaged in VHA primary care from March 11, 2019, to March 10, 2022. Patient sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race and ethnicity, and marital and housing status), health characteristics (chronic condition count, military service disability, serious mental illness, or substance use disorder diagnoses), geographic characteristics (driving distance to clinic and rural or urban location), and Federal Communications Commission-reported broadband speed among subgroups of patients at high risk categorized by telehealth use from 2020 to 2022. Primary care utilization by modality. A total of 1 383 070 patients at high risk were engaged in VHA primary care in March 2020 (median age, 73.0 years [IQR, 65-80 years]; 92.4% male; 77.7% regular telehealth users in 2019). With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to March 2021, 92.7% of patients at high risk (1 158 804 of 1 250 438 retained in care) became regular telehealth users. The following year, most patients continued as telehealth users (83.4% [942 151 of 1 129 683 retained]), including 38.2% retention of users at high risk newly engaged in 2020. Between 2019 and 2022 among those living and engaged in VHA primary care, adjusted exploratory multinomial logit models estimated that new telehealth users in 2020 (both sustained or only transiently engaged) were more often Black non-Hispanic individuals with greater comorbidity burdens than those who never engaged in telehealth use (Black non-Hispanic with new persistent telehealth use: adjusted relative risk ratio [ARR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.16-1.20]; Black non-Hispanic with transient telehealth use: ARR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08-1.13]; ≥5 chronic conditions with new persistent telehealth use: ARR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.88-1.96]; ≥5 chronic conditions with transient telehealth use: ARR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.40-1.46]). This cohort study suggests that primary care telehealth initiation, use and sustained engagement differed among subgroups of patients at high risk throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Those never or only transiently engaged with telehealth had lower illness burdens and were less likely to identify as members of racial or ethnic minority groups. Variation in telehealth use among subgroups of patients at high risk during this period could inform future resource allocation.

Characteristics of Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrests and Resuscitation Duration

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration is associated with cardiac arrest survival. To describe characteristics associated with CPR duration among hospitalized children without return of circulation (ROC) (patient-level analysis) and determine whether hospital median CPR duration in patients without ROC is associated with survival (hospital-level analysis). This retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing pediatric in-hospital CPR between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2021, used data from the Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registry. Children receiving chest compressions for at least 2 minutes and/or defibrillation were included in the patient-level analysis. For the hospital-level analysis, sites with at least 20 total events and at least 5 events without ROC were included. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2022, to November 15, 2023. For the patient-level analysis, the exposure was CPR duration in patients without ROC. For the hospital-level analysis, the exposure was quartile of median CPR duration in events without ROC at each hospital. For the patient-level analysis, outcomes were patient and event factors, including race and ethnicity and event location; we used a multivariable hierarchical linear regression model to assess factors associated with CPR duration in patients without ROC. For the hospital-level analysis, the main outcome was survival to discharge among all site events; we used a random intercept multivariable hierarchical logistic regression model to examine the association between hospital quartile of CPR duration and survival to discharge. Of 13 899 events, 3859 patients did not have ROC (median age, 7 months [IQR, 0 months to 7 years]; 2175 boys [56%]). Among event nonsurvivors, median CPR duration was longer in those with initial rhythms of bradycardia with poor perfusion (8.37 [95% CI, 5.70-11.03] minutes; P < .001), pulseless electrical activity (8.22 [95% CI, 5.44-11.00] minutes; P < .001), and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (6.17 [95% CI, 0.09-12.26] minutes; P = .047) (vs asystole). Shorter median CPR duration was associated with neonates compared with older children (-4.86 [95% CI, -8.88 to -0.84] minutes; P = .02), emergency department compared with pediatric intensive car7 e unit location (-4.02 [95% CI, -7.48 to -0.57] minutes; P = .02), and members of racial or ethnic minority groups compared with White patients (-3.67 [95% CI, -6.18 to -1.17]; P = .004). Among all CPR events, the adjusted odds of survival to discharge differed based on hospital quartile of median CPR duration among events without ROC; compared with quartile 1 (15.0-25.9 minutes), the adjusted odds ratio for quartile 2 (26.0-29.4 minutes) was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.09-1.36; P < .001); for quartile 3 (29.5-32.9 minutes), 1.23 (95% CI, 1.08-1.39; P = .002); and for quartile 4 (33.0-53.0 minutes), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.91-1.19; P = .58). In this retrospective cohort study of pediatric in-hospital CPR, several factors, including age and event location, were associated with CPR duration in event nonsurvivors. The odds of survival to discharge were lower for patients at hospitals with the shortest and longest median CPR durations among events without ROC. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal duration of CPR during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest and to provide training guidelines for resuscitation teams to eliminate disparities in resuscitation care.

Decoding the Dynamics of Cultural Change: A Cultural Evolution Approach to the Psychology of Acculturation.

Acculturation describes the cultural and psychological changes resulting from intercultural contact. Here, we use concepts from "cultural evolution" to better understand the processes of acculturation. Cultural evolution researchers view cultural change as an evolutionary process, allowing them to borrow tools and methods from biology. Cultural evolutionary mechanisms such as conformity (copying the numerical majority), anti-conformity (copying the numerical minority), prestige bias (copying famous individuals), payoff bias (copying successful people), and vertical cultural transmission (copying your parents) can cause people to adopt elements from other cultures and/or conserve their cultural heritage. We explore how these transmission mechanisms might create distinct acculturation strategies, shaping cultural change and diversity over the long-term. This theoretical integration can pave the way for a more sophisticated understanding of the pervasive cultural shifts occurring in many ethnically diverse societies, notably by identifying conditions that empower minority-group members, often marginalized, to significantly influence the majority group and society.

Ethnic identity centrality across the adult lifespan: Aging, cohort, and period effects among majority and minority group members.

Ethnic identity is a major area of study across many disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science. Yet, little is known about changes in ethnic identity across the adult lifespan, and whether such changes are driven by normal aging processes (aging effects), unique societal influences linked with one's formative years (cohort effects), or social changes during a specific time frame (period effects). We address these key oversights by utilizing 13 annual waves of longitudinal panel data from a nationwide random sample of both ethnic majority (N = 49,660) and Indigenous ethnic minority (N = 8,325) group members in New Zealand to examine changes in ethnic identity centrality using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling. This approach helps to identify changes in mean levels of ethnic identity centrality over time and whether such changes are driven by aging, cohort, and/or period effects. Our data reveal that, among both ethnic majority and ethnic minority individuals, changes in ethnic identity centrality were informed by a combination of normative aging processes, societal circumstances that reflected the unique historical context in which people grew to maturity, and societal changes during the 13 annual assessments of our study. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that ethnic identity centrality in adulthood is subject to lifelong changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Ethnic and racial inequality in the UK: a comment from a German perspective

Abstract I discuss findings from the article by Mirza and Warwick from a German perspective and focus on gender differences in labour market inequality, ethnic and racial inequality in tertiary education and the role of discrimination in explaining inequality. With respect to the labour market, what is most puzzling is that members of minority groups experience more upward mobility than comparable natives but are unable to translate this advantage into similar labour market success. In Germany, success in the educational system and on the labour market are closely linked. Findings on tertiary education are more in line with what we see in Germany, namely that members of minority groups are more likely than natives to move on to university but have higher dropout rates. The article’s findings on discrimination reveal that comparatively larger ‘unexplained gaps’ remain in analyses on ethnic and racial inequality, especially for ‘visible’ minority groups, than we see in Germany.

Medicare Payment for Opioid Treatment Programs

Medicare began paying for medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) at opioid treatment programs (OTPs) that dispense methadone and other MOUD in January 2020. There has been little research describing the response to this payment change and whether it resulted in more patients receiving MOUD or just a shift in who pays for this care. To describe how many and which Medicare beneficiaries receive care from OTPs and how this compares to those receiving MOUD in other settings. This cross-sectional study included all patients receiving MOUD care identified in 2019-2022 100% US Medicare Parts B and D claims. Patients receiving care in an OTP who were dually insured with Medicare and Medicaid in the 2019-2020 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System were also included. Receiving MOUD care in an OTP. Comparisons of 2022 beneficiaries treated in OTPs vs other non-OTP settings in 2022. The share of Medicare beneficiaries treated by OTPs rose steadily from 4 per 10 000 (14 160 beneficiaries) in January 2020 to 7 per 10 000 (25 596 beneficiaries) in August 2020, then plateaued through December 2022; of 38 870 patients (23% ≥66 years; 35% female) treated at an OTP in 2022, 96% received methadone. Patients in OTPs, compared to those receiving MOUD in other settings, were more likely be 65 years and younger (65% vs 62%; P < .001), less likely to be White (72% vs 82%; P < .001), and more likely to be an urban resident (86% vs 74%; P < .001). When Medicare OTP coverage began, there was no associated drop in the number of dually insured patients with Medicaid with an OTP claim. Of the 1854 OTPs, 1115 (60%) billed Medicare in 2022, with the share billing Medicare ranging from 13% to 100% across states. This study showed that since the initiation of Medicare OTP coverage in 2020, there has been a rapid increase in the number of Medicare beneficiaries with claims for OTP services for MOUD, and most OTPs have begun billing Medicare. Patients in OTPs were more likely to be urban residents and members of racial or ethnic minority groups than the patients receiving other forms of MOUD.

Public attitudes to xenotransplantation: A national survey in the United States

Xenotransplantation (XTx) presents a potential clinical alternative to the shortage of human organs for transplantation. Before clinical trials occur in the United States, public assessments are crucial to understand potential barriers to acceptance. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers and identify characteristics associated with attitudes toward XTx. A survey assessing demographic characteristics and attitudes toward XTx was distributed to a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in the United States. Regression analysis was employed to identify characteristics associated with attitudes toward XTx. Between May 25 and June 14, 2023, 5008 respondents completed the survey. Importantly, half of the respondents expressed low or no knowledge of either transplantation or XTx. Approximately 40% expressed discomfort with receiving a pig organ for themselves or a loved one. Despite a lack of xenotransplant outcome data, 36% were open to experimental XTx if they needed a transplant. However, 57% rated lack of current evidence of success or fear of complications as top concerns. Regression models consistently associated being younger, female, not needing an organ, or being a member of a racial minority group with lower acceptance. This survey is the largest to date exploring public attitudes toward XTx. Despite overall acceptance, concerns persist. Increasing public acceptance is key as the field advances.