Influence Of Members Research Articles

"We don't talk about it" and other interpersonal influences on Hmong women's breast and cervical cancer screening decisions.

Hmong women in the United States have low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening, and the factors that influence screening in this population are not well understood. This qualitative study explored family and clan influences on Hmong women's breast and cervical cancer screening attitudes and behavior. We conducted in-depth interviews with Hmong women and men living in Oregon. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts of 83 interviews were analysed using content analysis. We identified four key themes. First, Hmong women make decisions about breast and cervical cancer screening independently. Second, Hmong families do not discuss breast and cervical cancer screening. For some, not talking about breast and cervical cancer screening was seen as a way that family and clan influence attitudes. Third, Hmong families can provide encouragement and support for screening. Although women make their own decisions, about one-half of participants reported that family encouraged or supported them or women in their family to get screened. Fourth, some family members, especially elders, may actively discourage screening. This study contributes to knowledge about potential barriers and facilitators to breast and cervical cancer screening for Hmong women. Findings expand our understanding of clan and male family member's influence over Hmong women's screening behavior.

The Autoregressive Influence of Social Network Political Knowledge on Voting Behaviour

Social networking has a powerful influence on voters, but we do not know enough about the mechanisms of network influence. Recent research shows that one network member's influence is highly dependent on the others in the network, i.e. autoregressive. I test whether the influence of social network political knowledge is also autoregressive. I show that a strong predictor of vote choice similarity is the level of knowledge of the discussant, but greater knowledge of the other network members lessens dyadic agreement. Data from the American National Election Study collected in 2000 show that in the presidential election of 2000 having a knowledgeable discussant increases the chance of vote similarity with that discussant by 5 percentage points, but vote similarity decreases by 10 percentage points for each level of residual network knowledge. This research confirms the autoregressive influence of social network political knowledge.

Voting Power in the Bretton Woods Institutions

The constitutions of the Bretton Woods Institutions require decisions to be taken by weighted voting: each member country possesses a number of votes, depending on its quota allocation, all of which must always be cast as a bloc. This leads to a problem of democratic legitimacy since a member's influence or voting power within such decision-making systems does not necessarily correspond to its voting weight. In previous work is has been shown that the present system of weighted voting in the IMF gives disproportionate influence to the USA at the expense of all other members. This effect occurs in both the board of governors and the executive board. This paper looks at the power implications of the structure of the IMF and World Bank executive boards (in which members are grouped into constituencies that cast their combined weighted votes as a bloc) from the point of view of formal voting power (using the Penrose power index). A criticism that is frequently made is that the present constituency structure and voting weights work to enhance the power of the developed and creditor countries at the expense of the poor, and that many countries are effectively impotent; we show that the weighted voting system adds to this anti-democratic bias and produces some unintended effects (for example the disfranchisement of Estonia in the Nordic/Baltic constituency and of five Central American republics in the Spanish/Mexican/Venezuelan constituency, even though in neither case is there a dictator). We argue generally that the voting power approach is more than just the calculation of power indices and can in fact produce solid facts by identifying cases where members of weighted voting bodies are actually disfranchised.

Explaining a member organization's influence in an r&d consortium: A joint test of the dimensions of task characteristics and organizing routines and of the level of analysis

Companies have created R&D consortia to facilitate the development of technological innovations. Central to effective use of a consortium is establishing the appropriate level of influence over the consortium's activities. This study investigates the determinants of a member's influence level by drawing upon two distinctions central to explaining organization structures: between task characteristics and organizing routines and between member organization and collective factors. The former denotes whether a member's influence stems from the specific task the alliance addresses or from established routines. The latter differentiates between concerns specific to a member organization from those of all members. I examine the importance of these for a member's perceived influence using data collected from member organizations of U.S.-based R&D consortia. The findings reveal that task characteristics and organizing routines affect perceived influence level, although not always as predicted. Likewise, the study finds that member organization and collective factors are also related to perceived influence levels. The results extend our understanding of the management of alliances, particularly R&D consortia.

Information Control and Influence in Emergent Buying Centers

The authors focus on emergent buying center networks in firms that recently have purchased an expensive, complex, technological product. The authors examine how a person's information control and influence vary within such networks. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of information control, individual attributes, and organization structure variables on influence. The authors find that factors related to the person are the most important in explaining a buying center member's influence for this type of purchasing decision. Although less important, the variables of information control, decentralization, and formalization also affect influence. Overall, the authors find strong empirical support for their model.

An Index of Subgroup Influence in Dependency Networks

For variety, the terms influence, and importance are used interchangeably to refer to the concept structural power, which is not to be confused with operational influence. Structural power refers to a situational context of dependency in a relationship, such that one party is said to be more powerful to the extent that (1) the party controls and has discretion to allocate resources (2) desired by the other party who (3) has no alternate sources for acquiring them. Emerson's (1962) proposition about power-dependence relations says that for any two parties A and B, dAB) dBA = PBA) PAB Accurate assessments of the power of several interdependent parties are hampered by the fact that parties depend on one another indirectly as well as directly and that any one's dependencies are not equally important for all parties. An index overcoming both limitations is derived for dependency networks so that parties are defined as more important if others depend more on them and if the others depending on them are themselves important. The index is generalized for assessing a member's influence in subgroups of a network. Indices of both overall importance and subgroup importance are illustrated by a study of the influence of twenty-four journals within five areas of organizational research -organizations, sociology, management, applied psychology, and theoretical/experimental psychology. Among the findings; ASQ's influence was found to span several areas while the Journal ofApplied Psychology's is mainly felt in the applied psychology area.-

Role of Family Members in Sport Socialization of Children

Abstract Concepts from a social learning paradigm previously applied to adults and athletes were used in an exploratory examination of the role significant others play in influencing children's active sport involvement. Results indicated that the traditional comparison of family, peers, and teachers was not applicable to girls and only slightly applicable to boys. A more in-depth examination of the family unit demonstrated that parents, rather than siblings, have significant influence on both sexes. Examination of each family member's influence revealed that only the father served as a significant influence on children's sport participation. A reformulated conceptualization of the influence of significant others proved to be a more effective predictor of children's sport involvement. These findings should be treated primarily as indicators for areas of future investigation.

Family Vacation Decision-Making

Understanding the family vacation decision-making process is important to everyone in tourism related industries—travel agents, governments, and private business. This article describes a study conducted on Columbus, Ohio, husband-and-wife teams to determine subdecision areas of the vacation decision process, each family member's influence in these subdecision areas, and criteria that they felt important in making these subdecisions.

Improving Subjective Probability Assessment for Planning and Control in Team-Like Organizations

Improving Subjective Probability Assessment for Planning and Control in Team-Like Organizations