Member-based Organizations Research Articles

Safety Occurrence Reporting amongst New Zealand Uncrewed Aircraft Users

Safety reporting has long been recognised as critical to reducing safety occurrences by identifying issues early enough that they can be remedied before an adverse outcome. This study examines safety occurrence reporting amongst a sample of 92 New Zealand civilian uncrewed aircraft users. An online survey was created to obtain the types of occurrences that these users have had, how (if at all) these are reported, and why participants did or did not report using particular systems. This study focussed on seven types of occurrences that have been highlighted by the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand as being reportable using a CA005RPAS form, the template for reporting to the authority for uncrewed aircraft occurrences. The number of each type of occurrence was recorded, as well as what percentage of occurrences were reported using a CA005RPAS form, an internal reporting system, or were non-reported. Qualitative questions were used to understand why participants did or did not report using particular systems. Categorical and numerical data were analysed using Chi-Squared Tests of Independence, Kruskal–Wallis H Tests, and Mann–Whitney U Tests. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that 85.72% of reportable safety occurrences went unreported by pilots, with only 2.74% of occurrences being self-reported by pilots using a CA005RPAS form. The biggest reason for non-reporting was that the user did not perceive the occurrence as serious enough, with not being aware of reporting systems and not being legally required to report also being major themes. Significant differences were observed between user groups, providing policy implications to improve safety occurrence reporting, such as making reporting compulsory, setting minimum training standards, having an anonymous and non-punitive reporting system, and through working with member-based organisations.

Social Enterprises, Cooperatives or Benefit Corporations? On Reconciling Profit and the Common Good in Doing Business from a Polish Perspective

The aim of the article is to demonstrate that economic, technological and social changes, also thanks to the principle of sustainable development, lead to the transformation of existing and the emergence of new hybrid forms of conducting business activity. On one hand, there is a noticeable expansion of social economy mechanisms that reflect an ‘economic’ approach to providing broadly defined goods and services in the public interest, and there is also resurgence of democratic member-based organizations (DMOs), such as cooperatives with their dual nature and social and economic dimensions. On the other hand, traditional forms of for-profit business are transforming into entities that integrate social and environmental goals into business, known as Sustainability-Driven Hybrid Business Models (SHBMs), and of which benefit corporations (like U.S. Benefit Corporation or Social Purpose Corporation, Italian Societ. Benefit or French Soci.t. . mission) are an example. The transformation and emergence of these qualitatively new organizations is an illustration of the process of creative destruction described by Joseph Schumpeter. The article presents advantages and disadvantages associated with the benefit corporations. The analysis is concluded with the open question of whether legislative intervention is needed in this area, in particular whether it would be expedient to introduce ‘mission companies’ in Poland.

Determinants of ongoing participation in a masters-level sport: the impact of internal attributes and experiences with the organization

ABSTRACT Research question: The number of adults participating in physical activity and sport is in decline; nine of the top 15 daily sports experienced a decrease in participation in recent years. For sport organizations that provide participation programming, retaining members is critical to their success and longevity. The purpose of this research is to empirically determine factors that explain member retention in a masters-level sport. Research method: A relationship marketing-based model was developed and tested using survey data from over 6000 current and former members of United States Masters Swimming. Results and findings: Enjoyment and fitness, community, and competition are motivational factors that support membership continuation. Membership renewal is also influenced by identification with the organization, improved fitness and ability, and positive perceptions of service quality and coaching. Implications: Leaders of non-profit sport organizations can apply the findings to increase member retention and fulfill the mission of providing health benefits to adults. Organizations can improve sport experiences through community-building and challenge; creating positive interactions with the coach and service organization can contribute to retention. This research contributes to theory-building regarding relationship marketing in member-based sport organizations.

COVID-19 impact and recovery for women informal workers – a view from 2021

ABSTRACT Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions had disproportionately negative impacts on the majority of the world’s workers who work informally, and on women informal workers in particular. This reflects the interplay between the pandemic, existing decent work deficits in informal employment, and discriminatory gendered norms within and outside the workplace. Based on a sample of 1,935 informal workers from a mixed-method longitudinal study across 12 cities in 2020 and 2021 conducted by Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), this article finds that the gendered impacts on informal workers within and between occupational sectors observed in the initial three months have persisted over a year and half into the pandemic, and explores the reasons for the gender-differentiated impacts. It then considers the specific demands made by informal workers to the state, highlighting the ways in which sector and gender mediate workers’ policy needs. Finally, it provides evidence of the role of member-based organisations of informal workers in responding directly to the needs of women workers, and on making claims on the state to fulfil these needs.

Examining New Zealand Unmanned Aircraft Users’ Measures for Mitigating Operational Risks

While the potential risks of unmanned aircraft have received significant attention, there is little in the academic literature that examines how operational risks are mitigated by users. This study examines the prevalence of key operational risk mitigations amongst a sample of 812 unmanned aircraft users in New Zealand, their confidence levels in identifying and complying with airspace requirements, and their ability to read visual navigation charts (VNCs) and use AirShare (a local tool that shows airspace requirements). Significant differences exist between the number and type of mitigations applied, users’ confidence levels in identifying and complying with airspace requirements, and users’ ability to read VNCs and use AirShare based upon user characteristics. Education, practical assessment, membership of a professional body, professional/semi-professional use, and operating for a certificated organisation all improve risk mitigation (greater number and variety of risk mitigations applied). The only risk mitigation employed by almost all users was conducting a pre-flight check of their aircraft, identifying the need for users to view risk mitigation more holistically. The findings support policy directions related to educational requirements, the ability for member-based organisations and professional bodies to self-regulate, and the fitness of the current regulatory system in New Zealand.

The Resource-Seeking Internationalization Process of a Nongovernmental Organization

This paper aims at investigating the resource-seeking internationalization process of an international nongovernmental organization (INGO) from the process point of view. INGOs have received scant attention in the international business literature, despite their relevance in almost every aspect of aid and development and as actors of global governance. The research question addresses the issue of whether or not INGOs can follow a path similar to business firms in their internationalization process. The study departs from two different theoretical perspectives - the Uppsala model and the born global perspective - to study the case of the NGO Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), an international, private, nonprofit, member-based organization. We identify three stages in the resource-seeking internationalization process of the NGO, which present similarities with that of business organizations. The study contributes to the IB literature by revealing key aspects of the internationalization trajectory of an NGO to raise funds and recruit volunteers in advanced and emerging economies with the purpose of employing these resources to support its emergency assistance activities in less developed countries, and to the literature on INGOs in exploring the issue of resource-seeking internationalization.

Millennial Leaders: Ready or Not, Here They Come

Millennial Leaders: Ready or Not, Here They Come

Strengthening Social Security Systems in Rural Areas of Developing Countries

It is now generally accepted that the approach of enlarging state-based social security systems in developing countries in order to achieve universal coverage has failed. It is the poor and rural population in particular who are largely excluded from any kind of social insurance. This paper reviews the literature to identify the major reasons for state and market failure, describes the existing systems and their institutional strengths and weaknesses and analyses the possibilities for a public-private partnership. To this end, the paper identifies four main providers of social security, namely the state, the market, member-based organisations, and the private households.Whereas the reasons for state failure – inadequate and inefficient programmes to deal with the socio-economic realities – and market failure - information problems and high transaction costs- have been analysed in great detail, there is controversy over how adequately member and private household-based systems can protect members against basic risks such as illness, disability, accidents and death. Several empirical studies in rural areas have shown the limits of traditional insurance arrangements, which basically provide insufficient coverage against co-variate risks while entailing high costs in terms of pursuing less risky activities. Moreover, these systems are under heavy pressure from change in the socio-economic environment, such as market penetration and population growth. Given this situation, the paper explores the possibilities of a public-private partnership that are created by exploiting local information, on the one hand, while enhancing the possibilities of risk pooling, reinsurance and better access to risk capital, on the other. However, a successful partnership depends on several factors. The ones identified and discussed here are the willingness of the state to withdraw from certain activities and the political and economic environment required for wider private engagement in general. The paper concludes by introducing a preliminary agenda for policy action and research. Then literature survey has shown that a lot of questions about the appropriate institutional design of social security systems in rural areas remain unanswered. More research is needed to identify the population’s actual needs and its demand for insurance in a specific socio-economic context and agro-ecological zone, to analyse the economic and social impact of innovative insurance schemes recently evolving in many countries, to identify conditions for a successful private-public partnership for social security provision and finally, to find appropriate ways of translating the findings into adequate policy measures.

L’implication des agriculteurs dans les coopératives dans un pays en transition vers une économie de marché : Une application aux coopératives agricoles de services algériennes

The transition economies of developing countries to a market economy has a strong impact on the governance of cooperatives, transforming them from state-controlled organizations to member-based organizations. Therefore an important part of the performance of cooperatives lies in strengthening their relationship with their members. We conduct a survey on cooperatives from different regions of Algeria. The estimation of a bivariate probit highlight the determinants of the relationship between governance participation and investment in cooperative. Comparison with other studies on different institutional contexts underlines the particularity of Algerian cooperatives.

Time to abandon amateurism and volunteerism: addressing tensions between the Alma-Ata principle of community participation and the effectiveness of community-based health insurance in Africa

### Summary box The 1978 Alma-Ata declaration asserted that primary healthcare ‘requires and promotes maximum community and individual self-reliance and participation in the planning, organisation, operation and control of primary...

Women, Minorities, and Leadership in Anesthesiology: Take the Pledge

Women, Minorities, and Leadership in Anesthesiology: Take the Pledge

How and why emotions matter in interprofessional healthcare

Institutional theory draws attention to organisational rules-of-thumb that guide individual action and legitimacy - this includes the use of emotion. Within medicine, emotion is largely underemphasised. The introduction of interprofessional practice (IPP) poses an under-explored potential challenge to these rules-of-thumb. Drawing on Foucault, this article examines: 1) the emotional discourse in tweets from member-based organisations for healthcare practitioners; 2) themes in interviews and a focus group with practitioners-in-training. While the tweets largely illustrated the illegitimacy of emotion within healthcare, the practitioners-in-training indicated the importance of emotions and emotion work to teamwork. These findings suggest a 'cultural clash' and demonstrate that emotions matter in IPP.

Preventing chiefs from being chiefs: An ethnography of a co-operative sheet-metal factory

Knowledge of how democracy and equality are practically achieved within member-based organisations such as co-operatives remains underdeveloped in the literature. In order to investigate this question, this study is based on a piece of ethnographic work, namely, 1 year of participant observation as a factory worker, which I conducted within a French co-operative sheet-metal factory. Pondering the presence within the co-operative of seemingly powerless chiefs, I draw on the works of French anthropologist Pierre Clastres (1934–1977) on stateless societies in order to study co-operators in their ‘continual effort to prevent chiefs from being chiefs’. Three types of day-to-day practices appear to be central for members of the co-operative in circumventing the coalescence of power in the hands of their chiefs: a relentlessly voiced refusal of the divide between chiefs and lay members; a permanent requirement for accountability and endless overt critique towards chiefs; and the use of schoolboy humour. The case, as analysed through a Clastrian lens, evidences a novel avenue that is conducive to avoiding the fate of oligarchisation within democratic organisations. Indeed, it shows how power can be kept at bay by being named and then embodied in a figure, who is eventually – through mostly informal practices – stripped of all authority. In addition, it suggests that our understanding of co-operation could be greatly improved if researchers’ dominant focus on governance was complemented by studies anchored in the everyday experience of co-operators.

Disminución de la participación de la población en organizaciones sociales durante los últimos trece años en Chile e implicaciones para la construcción de una política de planificación urbana más participativa

The 2014 National Urban Development Policy of Chile defines among its objectives an “effective” public participation. However, as this article shows, participation in member-based organizations of diverse types has significantly decreased in Chile in general, and especially in the city of Santiago. The research conducted analyses data about participation in the national surveys CASEN 2000 and CASEN 2009, as well as in the survey Santiago Como Vamos 2013, demonstrating that participation in member-based organizations has decreased significantly in Santiago in the last thirteen years and that citizens lack interest in participatory urban planning tools. This article furthermore identifies the implications and challenges that these low levels of participation pose for building a more participatory urban planning policy.

The Effects of Membership and Demographics on Consumer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Service Organizations

Service organizations that require customer membership must monitor and evaluate consumer retention, satisfaction, and loyalty. A common problem in member-based service organizations is that some consumers leave the organization and then return. Levels of consumer satisfaction and loyalty are likely different between those who continue their membership and those who let their membership lapse. This research assesses consumer satisfaction and loyalty of 8,376 U.S. Masters Swimming current members. Results indicate that age, marital status, and number of children impact membership mode (continuous or lapsed) and that membership mode impacts several measures of both loyalty and satisfaction.

The promise [and uncertainties] of Biochar

The promise [and uncertainties] of Biochar

Charting our course for a better CUA

The new year offers us the opportunity to reflect on the past year and to chart our course for the future. This past year was an important one for the Association. We started implementing the recommendations from our Strategic Plan, which was unanimously accepted by members at the CUA 2009 meeting in Toronto. The Executive has responded by embracing an aspirational and inspirational vision, as illustrated by the CUA’s mission statement: “The CUA exists to promote the highest standard of urologic care for Canadians and the advancement of the art and science of urology.” A clear statement of the business of the Association has also been developed, as follows: The CUA is a national member-based organization dedicated to enabling the profession to provide the highest possible standards of urologic care by collaboratively: Fostering, promoting and monitoring excellence in urologic practice through education, research and practice support tools Providing leadership in promoting evidence based clinical practice through the development of practice standards and guidelines Fostering and promoting life-long learning by Canadian urologists through continuous professional development Supporting the CUA Scholarship fund, which plays a major role in supporting research activities by Canadian urologists. Providing leadership in public education for urologic diseases Representing Canadian urology in developing and fostering partnerships while maintaining the highest educational and ethical standards Representing the Canadian urologic community in relationships with governments as well as national and international medical societies. We will continue to do our best to serve our members. We have also administered a survey to assess members’ benefits. The results are being analyzed and will be published soon. Two years ago a dispute arose between the Canadian Urological Association Journal and the Canadian Journal of Urology. We are pleased to inform the urological community the court case that followed the dispute has been amicably settled out of court, to the satisfaction of both parties. Consequently, both journals will continue to be published under their current names. 2010 is also the year of our first ever Annual Meeting in Prince Edward Island! We invite you to attend this unique CUA meeting! CUA committees and affiliated meetings are scheduled for Saturday. The Scientific Program will start on Sunday morning and will last for 3 full days. The meeting will be held in the elegant Delta Prince Edward Hotel. Dr. Michael Mulligan and Ian Reid, along with the rest of the local organizing committee, have been working hard to make sure that every attendee will enjoy the social programme planned. CUA and affiliated meetings are scheduled for Sunday morning before the Opening Brunch, after which the scientific programme will begin. The scientific program, chaired by Dr. Ricardo Rendon, will feature state-of the-art lectures from key opinion leaders in urology, educational fora addressing a wide spectrum of the most compelling issues and controversies in urology, and abstract-driven session showcasing the most cutting-edge research being done in Canada today. Sunday night is the Welcome reception. Held at the Confederation Centre of the Arts/Memorial Hall, this will be a good time to mingle with colleagues, friends and our industry partners. On Monday, after sessions, unwind at the CUA Fun Night at the Founders Hall and Seaport Centre. This Fun Night will not disappoint – join us and TV Chef Michael Smith for a lobster dinner like no other! Music courtesy of East Coast Music Award winners Rawlins Cross will move you to dance! On Tuesday evening, I invite you to join me for the traditional President’s Banquet at the Ballroom of the Delta Hotel. Bring your family. Stay a while! With so many historical, cultural, and outdoor attractions, it is clear that while PEI may be small in size, it is big in adventures for you and your family.

Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002: An Analysis

With the passing of the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Bill, 2002, a new era in the cooperative history has been ushered, which would enable the cooperatives to function as real democratic and autonomous institutions for the mutual benefit of the members the Bill; to restore the faith of the members in these institutions and to increase awareness among than, we provide the major highlights of the Bill. Deregulation of cooperative law is the need of the hour for the cooperative sector, if it has to strategically position itself in the market economy. Today, those enterprises are highly successful; they are de-regulated and are able to independently chart out their path of development. However, cooperatives being member-based organisations have to safeguard the interests of their members. They must also ensure that being people institutions, they have to look after the welfare of the masses, and although the cooperatives need to develop their competency to face the market, the policy approach towards cooperatives must still revolve around providing financial assistance to needy and deserving cases. The national policy on cooperatives should be nurtured so that they can emerge as democratic and autonomous entities. The financial help to them on the basis of merit is very much a part of the nurturing process. The current trends indicate that the states have been very slow in amending their Acts to ensure the democratic, autonomous and self-reliant nature of the cooperatives. In a nutshell, the cooperatives must be able to grow along healthy lines.

Education, Mentoring, and Collaborative Research—The Mission of the Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society

The Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society is a member-based organization to advance the care of persons wih hemophilia and other bleeding and clotting disorders through education, professional mentoring, and collaborative research.

Education, Mentoring, and Collaborative Research—The Mission of the Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society

The Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society is a member-based organization to advance the care of persons wih hemophilia and other bleeding and clotting disorders through education, professional mentoring, and collaborative research.