Melicertus Kerathurus Research Articles

Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) for Valorization of Red (Aristeus antennatus) and Camarote (Melicertus kerathurus) Shrimp Side Streams: Antioxidant and HPLC Evaluation of the Carotenoid Astaxanthin Recovery.

Shrimp side streams represent an important natural source of astaxanthin. Optimization of the astaxanthin extraction process from shrimp side streams is of great importance for the valorization of crustacean side streams and the development of astaxanthin-related products. The combined and independent effects of two innovative extraction technologies (pulsed electric fields (PEFs) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)) alone and/or combined in a sequential step, using two different solvents on astaxanthin extraction from two shrimp species, were evaluated. Astaxanthin content in the extracts of shrimp side streams was determined by both spectrophotometric and HPLC assays, being the determination of the carotenoid profiles performed by HPLC analysis. Compared to a solvent extraction control procedure, the astaxanthin content was increased after ASE and PEF treatments, for both shrimp species, independently of the solvent used. The highest recovery (585.90 µg/g) was obtained for the species A. antennatus, with the solvent DMSO when PEF and ASE were combined, while the increase in antioxidant capacity varied depending on the solvent used. HPLC analysis of the samples revealed the presence of unesterified (all-E) astaxanthin, four unesterified Z isomers of astaxanthin and many unresolved astaxanthin esters. Both technologies are useful tools to recover antioxidant valuable carotenoids such as astaxanthin from shrimp side streams.

Reproduction of the Caramote prawn, Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in Boka Kotorska bay, Montenegro (South-eastern Adriatic)

The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time some aspects of the reproductive activity of the Caramote prawn, Melicertus kerathurus, in Montenegrin waters. This species is considered a target species in the small-scale fishery in Boka Kotorska Bay, being a species of high commercial value. Sampling was carried out on a monthly basis from April 2019 to December 2019 by trammel nets. The spawning season was estimated based on monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index, condition factor and gonadal maturity stages. The main spawning season for females extends from April-May to September, with a clear peak in June. The total sex ratio (males/females) was 1:1. Sexual differences related to the length-weight relationship were noted.

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Metabolite Profile of Striped Prawn (Melicertus kerathurus) during Chilled Storage.

A variety of metabolites contribute to the freshness and taste characteristics of seafood. This study investigated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 400, 500, and 600 MPa) for 10 min) on the metabolome of striped prawn during chilled storage, in relation to microorganisms' development. All treated samples showed lower viable counts throughout storage compared to the untreated counterparts. The limit of acceptability from a microbiological point of view was extended from 9 to as many as 35 days by 600 MPa treatment. Metabolites were quantified by 1H-NMR through a targeted-untargeted metabolomic approach. Molecules linked to nucleotides' degradation and amines' anabolism suggested an overall freshness improvement granted by HHP. Notably, putrescine and cadaverine were detected only in untreated prawn samples, suggesting the inactivation of degradative enzymes by HHP. The concentration of molecules that influence umami perception was significantly elevated by HHP, while in untreated samples, the concentration of molecules contributing to a sour taste gradually increased during storage. As metabolomics was applied in its untargeted form, it allowed us to follow the overall set of metabolites related to HHP processing and storage, thus providing novel insights into the freshness and taste quality of striped prawn as affected by high hydrostatic pressure.

Dynamics of shrimp fauna in the Aby-Tendo-Ehy Lagoon complex (southeast of Côte d'Ivoire), an hydrosystem under anthropic pressure

In order to provide basic scientific data essential for the conservation and sustainable management of the Aby-Tendo-Ehy Lagoon complex in South East of Côte d’Ivoire, patterns of shrimps’ community structure in relation to environmental characteristics has been studied in this ecosystem subject to intense anthropogenic pressures, particularly agro -industrial. Sampling was conducted monthly from April 2012 to March 2013 using a handled net and lobster pots. Eleven species of shrimp including three species (Macrobrachium equidens, M. zariquieyi and Melicertus kerathurus) adding to the list of shrimp fauna of Côte d'Ivoire were sampled during this study. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that environmental variables such as dissolved oxygen, conductivity, water temperature, transparency, plant debris and aquatic plants strongly diversity and abundance of shrimp fauna. This study has demonstrated the exceptional nature of this lagoon complex, and strongly recommends its preservation.

Identification and Taxonomic Study of Shrimps in Bardawil Lagoon, North Sinai, Egypt

Taxonomic study of shrimp on the Bardawil lagoon, were studied in specimens of shrimp collected from Bardawil lagoon fishers from Seasonal occurrence of shrimp During, 2019. Identification of species was based on the morphological characters of rostrum (dorsal and ventral teeth), remarks of carapace, antenna, sub apical spines on telson and the colored pattern of the whole body based on standard keys and diagnoses available from the current literature. Modified Key identify shrimp species from Bardawil lagoon, was prepared after morphometric analysis. A total of 5 species from belong to three genus; Penaeus, Melicertus and Metapenaeus. Among these, two species belong to the genus Penaeus (Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan, 1844) and Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicas (Bate, 1888). The species which taken from genus Metapenaeus namely Metapenaeus stebbingi (Nobili, 1904) and Metapenaeus monoceros. (Fabricus, 1798), One species belong to the genus Melicertus kerathurus. (Forskal, 1775). Additional research is needed to more clearly define the distribution of shrimp species in Bardawil lagoon.

Bioactive fatty acids in seafood from Ionian Sea and relation to dietary recommendations

The objective of the present study was to determine lipid content, fatty acid composition and the recommended daily portion of 13 fish species, nine bivalves, six crustacean, three echinoderm and three cephalopod species, from the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). Fatty acids profile varied significantly among species (p < .05); polyunsaturated fatty acids represented an important proportion, with docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the highest amount. A high n3/n6 ratio was found in all species (from 1.0 in body wall of Holothuria polii and H. tubulosa to 10.9 in Mytilus galloprovincialis). The lipid nutritional quality indices (atherogenic index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratio) showed crustaceans Parapaeneus longirostris, Plesionika martia, Melicertus kerathurus, Nephrops norvegicus, as likely to be more beneficial for the consumer health. This paper will be of practical value from a health perspective for populations who consume seafood and a powerful marketing tool for farmers.

Bacterial biofilm development during experimental degradation of Melicertus kerathurus exoskeleton in seawater.

Chitinolytic bacteria are widespread in marine and terrestrial environment, and this is rather a reflection of their principle growth substrate's ubiquity, chitin, in our planet. In this paper, we investigated the development of naturally occurring bacterial biofilms on the exoskeleton of the shrimp Melicertus kerathurus during its degradation in sea water. During a 12-day experiment with exoskeleton fragments in batch cultures containing only sea water as the growth medium at 18 °C in darkness, we analysed the formation and succession of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy and 16S rRNA gene diversity by next generation sequencing. Bacteria belonging to the γ- and α-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes showed marked (less or more than 10%) changes in their relative abundance from the beginning of the experiment. These bacterial taxa related to known chitinolytic bacteria were the Pseudolateromonas porphyrae, Halomonas aquamarina, Reinekea aestuarii, Colwellia asteriadis and Vibrio crassostreae. These bacteria could be considered as appropriate candidates for the degradation of chitinous crustacean waste from the seafood industry as they dominated in the biofilms developed on the shrimp's exoskeleton in natural sea water with no added substrates and the degradation of the shrimp exoskeleton was also evidenced.

High resolution melting analysis of a COI mini-barcode as a new approach for Penaeidae shrimp species discrimination

Penaeidae family includes shrimp species of high commercial value, sharing noticeable morphological similarities, which makes them potential targets of adulteration. Therefore, mechanisms for authentication and certification of such crustaceans, frequently included in processed foods, constitute a benefit for the food industry. Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Fenneropenaeus indicus, Metapenaeus affinis and Melicertus kerathurus are some of the most relevant penaeid shrimps, being their differentiation of high importance. This work intended to develop a new approach for the specific detection and differentiation of those five closely related shrimp species based on high resolution melting (HRM) analysis targeting a cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) mini-barcode. The method enabled the differentiation of the five species with high levels of confidence (>99%), being successfully applied to analyse processed seafood samples. F. indicus and L. vannamei were the main identified species in the commercial products. When verifying labelling compliance, four samples suggest adulterations based on the complete or partial substitution of declared species. The proposed method proved to be a potential tool for the rapid and cost-effective differentiation of penaied shrimp species.

Bioaccumulation and distribution of organochlorine residues across the food web in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria

Eighteen organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues were measured in the water, sediment, plankton, benthic invertebrates and fish in various sections of the Lagos Lagoon in 2014 to investigate their bioaccumulation and distribution in the food web. The analysis was done using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The concentrations of OCPs in water and sediment ranged from 0.00 to 2.24 µg kg−1 and 0.00 to 1 673.57 µg kg−1, respectively. The sediment had the highest deposition of OCPs, with a total concentration of 2 953.84 µg kg−1. Lindane and heptachlor epoxide had the highest mean concentrations in the sediment, 1 673.57 µg kg−1 and 1 122.74 µg kg−1, respectively, while other OCPs were also found in the biota. Bentho-pelagic fishes had the highest biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) in nine OCP residues, ranging from 1 to 32, and benthic invertebrates had the highest BSAF in three OCP residues, ranging from 1 to 91. The trend in total concentration of OCPs in the lagoon was sediment > Melicertus kerathurus > Eleotris soaresi > Pomadasys jubelini > Tilapia guineensis > Callinectes amnicola > plankton>water. The transfer of organochlorine residues in the food chain and its distribution in the trophic levels was influenced by habitat, environmental conditions, feeding habit and biochemical composition of individual populations. The total residual concentration of OCPs in shellfish and fish ranged between 0.16 ppm and 0.69 ppm. This concentration is quite high compared to the Federal Ministry of Environment limit of <0.01 ppm, and can be harmful if the trend is not checked. Continuous monitoring procedures need to be put in place for environmental safety.

Effects of coastal fish farms on body size and isotope composition of wild penaeid prawn

Penaeid prawn are highly valued throughout the Mediterranean Sea where they support artisanal fisheries that may be affected by coastal fish farming. We examined the effects of proximity to costal fish farms on body size and stable isotope composition of the caramote prawn Melicertus kerathurus, a species that supports a valuable artisanal fishery. Prawn sampled near fish cages were significantly larger, heavier and more depleted in 13C than those sampled further away, while laboratory trials confirmed that prawn can readily feed on fish food pellets. Proximity to fish farms had no effect on 15N isotope values, which became depleted with increasing body size, possibly as a result of organ differentiation during ontogeny. Our results indicate that fish farms can have a positive effect on the size of prawn in the vicinity of floating cages, possibly by facilitating their growth or by protecting them from the fishery. However, fish farms can also affect the isotope composition of wild prawn, and thus likely their nutritional value. These findings highlight the need to examine the potential effects of fish farms on prawn fisheries in the Mediterranean region, an area where artisanal fisheries and coastal aquaculture need to coexist in the same locations.

Seasonal variation of reproductive traits of the caramote prawn in the Gulf of Tunis

The caramote prawn, Melicertus kerathurus , is a Penaeidae species inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the Est Atlantic Ocean. Caramote prawn represents a commercially important species in terms of both aquaculture and fishing; however, there is poor information on its reproductive biology in Mediterranean and, particularly, in Tunisian waters. To fulfil such a gap, monthly samples of caramote prawn were collected along the northern Tunisian coast throughout one year. Ovaries maturity data, obtained by histological analysis, together with reproductive and condition indices, indicated the main spawning season extends from April to August, with a clear peak in July–August. However, gonadic production still persists during September-December, although at lower levels. The seasonal patterns of somatic and gonadic conditions suggested that energy reserves, during the main spawning period, were invested both in gonadic and body production; but males and females appeared to devote differently such energy reserves. During the spawning peak, females revealed both good somatic and gonadic conditions simultaneously, while males displayed worse body conditions. Monthly sea surface temperature (SST) showed a high level of pattern correspondence with ovary maturity phase and gonadosomatic index (GSI); but a strong linear relationship between SST and GSI in the study area was observed only for males. Such results increased reproductive biology knowledge, therefore allowing to improve the management quality of both wild caramote prawn stocks and reared populations.

HISTOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL STUDIES ON THE OVARIAN CYCLE OF THE CARAMOTE PRAWN MELICERTUS KERATHURUS (FORSKÅL, 1775) (CRUSTACEA – DECAPODA)

The two ovaries of the caramote prawn Melicertus kerathurus lie above the hepatopancreas and below the pericardial sinus and the heart. Both ovaries were reduced in general size with white compact and sickle-shaped contents during January- March. Their contents attain gradually a pale green colour in April - June. This stage is an early maturing in which the ovary increased in size and the anterior and middle lobes are developing. When the ovary is immature the surface is relatively smooth and homogenous, but as the organ grows the surface acquires an increasingly irregular ppearance. They contain oocytes and small spherical ova with light-stained cytoplasm free from granules and a conspicuous nucleus. During July -September, mature stage in which the ovary is in a maximal size and filled with vitellogeneic and ripe oocytes. They were dark green. During October- December, the gonad reverted gradually to the immature condition i. e., the ovary undergoes a spent-recovering and was with varying degrees of yellow colour. For each season three ovaries were studied carefully through serial histological preparations. The length and width for each histological section was measured using slide micrometer (4 cm & 3 cm) respectively.The different stages of oocyte developmental stages were counted and analyzed in each season through One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with p<0.05 and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test. This calibrations clarified that the oogonia predominate the ovary during winter season, the previtellogenic oocytes predominate the ovary during spring season, the vitellogenic oocytes predominate the ovary during summer season. The majority of autolyzed oocyte were observed during winter season.

DETERMINATION OF SEASONAL CHANGES ON SOME HEAVY METAL (Cd, Pb, Cr) LEVELS OF SHRIMP AND PRAWN SPECIES FROM NORTH-EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA, GULF OF MERSIN, TURKEY

The concentration levels of some potentially toxic trace elements such as Cd, Cr, and Pb in the muscle tissue of some shrimp and prawn species from North­eastern Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Mersin , Turkey were seasonally determined in this study. The effects of seasons on the potentially toxic trace elements levels of regional commercially valuable five different shrimp and prawn species (green tiger prawn- Penaeus semisulcatus, kuruma prawn- Marsupenaeus japonicus, caramote prawn- Melicertus kerathurus, deepwater pink shrimp- Parapenaeus longirostris, speckled shrimp- Metapenaeus monoceros ) were determined. 30 individuals of each species were caught by bottom trawling from the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Mersin) in four seasons in 2013. Shrimp and prawn samples were extracted using digestion method with concentrated nitric acid and per chloric acid and metal levels were measured using ICP/MS. The differences in Cd, Cr and Pb levels of muscle tissue in all species were determined as 0.44-1.40 µg/g dw, 1.38-5.80 µg/g dw, and 1.99-13.42 µg/g dw, respectively. The quantitative relationships generally found in the metal levels of muscle in all the species were: Pb> Cr> Cd, but the concentration of each potentially toxic heavy metal varied seasonally. If the data obtained by this study were evaluated with respect to the data in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2013), it would be obviously seen that all the shrimp and prawn species living in Gulf of Mersin were not contaminated with Cd and Cr but contaminated with Pb. However, if it is analyzed in accordance with European Commission (2011) and Turkish Food Codex (2011), all species except winter and spring samples of Parapenaeus longirostris are contaminated with Cd and Pb.

Assessment Approach of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Melicertus kerathurus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Stock along the North-Eastern Tunisian Coast Using a Surplus Production Model Incorporating Temperature Parameter

In frame of fisheries management, a stock assessment using surplus production models incorporating environmental parameters was dealt with one of the most important commercially crustacean fisheries resources along the Tunisian coast, the Melicertus kerathurus stock. The analysis was carried out for a period of 17 years with a database including fishing efforts, catches, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and sea surface temperature (SST). CLIMPROD is the software used to select the appropriate model and fit to the fishery and environmental data. Overall, SST was positively correlated to the yield and abundance index (CPUE) explaining 47% and 57% of their variability respectively, nevertheless. The incorporation of the SST in global model demonstrated that the SST influenced both the catchability and the abundance of this species separately. In fact the impact of SST leads to consider a production model impacted on the one hand by a linear relationship between the CPUE and the fishing effort, and on the other hand by also a linear relationship between the CPUE and the SST for both catchability or abundance of the species. The interpretation of global model with environmental parameters is changed with the incorporation of climate parameter.

Induction of triploidy inMelicertus kerathurus(Forskal, 1775) with temperature shock

Triploidy in fertilized eggs of Melicertus kerathurus was induced by cold (8, 10, 12°C) and heat (34, 36, 38°C) shock for different duration times (2, 4 and 8 min) after 10 min of post spawning. The best individual treatment produced 64.5% triploid nauplii in cold shock application at a temperature of 10°C for a duration of 8 min. Temperature did not have significant effect (P > 0.05) on triploid rate but duration time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) for individual cold or heat shock. This study demonstrates that because of a wide variety of effective parameters, it is essential to optimize shock conditions for each species strain at each location.

The occurrence of the Atlantic penaeid prawn Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) in the Thermaikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean): considerations on the potential establishment and impact on the autochthonous Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775)

The penaeid prawn Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891), of western Atlantic origin, has been recently recorded in a lagoonal environment in the Thermaikos Gulf (North Aegean Sea) increasing the number of alien decapods in the Aegean Sea to 29. The present work reports the finding of F. aztecus in offshore waters on the trawling ground of the Thermaikos Gulf. The presence of this alien species in the area is probably due to ships’ ballast water or to expansion northward from the Levantine Sea where it was recently reported. The life cycle characteristics and several properties of the Atlantic species along with the abiotic and biotic factors of the Thermaikos indicate that the species will eventually be established successfully in the gulf. However, the potential establishment of F. aztecus in the Thermaikos Gulf raises concerns over the fate of the autochthonous penaeid prawn Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775) in the North Aegean Sea.

Determination of the Tissue Distribution of PPO on Caramote Prawn (Melicertus kerathurus, Forskal, 1755) and Jinga Shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis, H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Caught from Izmir

Tissue distribution of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was studied in caramote prawn (Melicertus kerathurus) and jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) postmortem. Activity was analyzed in different tissues: the head (cephalothorax + carapace), carapace, exoskeleton of the abdomen, pereopods, and maxillipeds, individually. Based on the results, PPO activity of jinga shrimp was determined to be higher than caramote prawn during the research period. Partial tissue distribution showed that the highest activity was determined in carapace by using 70% ammonium sulfate fractions. Partial tissue distribution was also used to determine the spread of black spots. In addition, comparison between the PPO levels of caramote prawn and jinga shrimp was performed. The importance of these species is their economic value. However, there is no available data in the literature about caramote prawn and jinga shrimp. The determined data showed us that using antioxidant chemicals would be suitable for jinga shrimp.

DNA barcoding commercially important aquatic invertebrates of Turkey

DNA barcoding was used in order to identify aquatic invertebrates sampled from fisheries bycatch and discards. A total of 440 unique cytochrome c oxidase sub unit I (COI) barcodes were generated for 22 species from three important phyla (Arthropoda, Cnidaria, and Mollusca). All the species were sequenced and submitted to GenBank and Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) databases using 654 bp-long fragment of mitochondrial COI gene. Two of them (Pontastacus leptodactylus and Rapana bezoar) were first records of the species for the BOLD database and six of them (Carcinus aestuarii, Loligo vulgaris, Melicertus kerathurus, Nephrops norvegicus, Scyllarides latus, and Scyllarus arctus) were first standard (>648 bp) COI barcode records for the GenBank database. COI barcodes were analyzed for nucleotide composition, nucleotide pair frequencies, and Kimura's two-parameter genetic distance. Mean genetic distance among species was found increasing at higher taxonomic levels. Neighbor-joining trees generated were congruent with morphometric-based taxonomic classification. Findings of this study clearly demonstrate that DNA barcodes could be used as an efficient molecular tool in identification of not only target species from fisheries but also bycatch and discard species, and so it could provide us leverage for a better understanding in monitoring and management of fisheries and biodiversity.

The effects of season on fat and fatty acids contents of shrimp and prawn species

AbstractThe effects of seasons on the lipid content and fatty acid compositions of five different shrimp and prawn species (green tiger prawn – Penaeus semisulcatus, kuruma prawn – Marsupenaeus japonicus, caramote prawn – Melicertus kerathurus, deepwater pink shrimp – Parapenaeus longirostris, speckled shrimp – Metapenaeus monoceros) were evaluated. Results showed that lipid content ranged from 0.89 to 1.55% in muscle, showing that all species were considered as lean. There were significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in terms of season and species. They were rich in n‐3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The highest proportions of EPA were obtained from kuruma prawn (180.9 mg/100 g) in spring and deepwater pink shrimp (173.2 mg/100 g) and caramote prawn (146.3 mg/100 g) in summer. Kuruma prawn had the highest DHA in spring (140.8 mg/100 g) followed by deepwater pink shrimp (132.2 mg/100 g) and caramote prawn (129.6 mg/100 g) in summer. The results also showed that the seasons affected lipid content and the fatty acid composition of shrimp and prawn species.Practical Application: The beneficial effect of seafood consumption on human health has been related to the high content of n‐3 fatty acids, especially EPA (20:5n‐3) and DHA (22:6n‐3). The ratios of n‐6/n‐3, PUFA/SFA and EPA + DHA are considered as useful criteria for comparing relative nutritional and oxidation values of marine oils. In the current study, the influence of seasonality on the lipid content and the fatty acid compositions of shrimp and prawn were investigated in order to find the best source of n‐3 fatty acids during the year.

Reproductive biology of the prawn Melicertus kerathurus (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in Thermaikos Gulf (N. Aegean Sea)

The reproductive biology including insemination frequency, ovarian maturation, gonadosomatic index (GSI), size at first maturity, and fecundity of Melicertus kerathurus were investigated using monthly samples from Thermaikos Gulf. Insemination was recorded by the presence of a spermatophore in the thelycum, and ovarian development was based on macroscopic ovarian staging (ST1–ST5). Inseminated females were found throughout the year with high percentages recorded from April to July. Although all ovarian stages were represented in mated females, insemination increased with size and ovarian maturation. High percentages of vitellogenic or mature ovarian stages were observed from May to July, while immature and developing ovaries were predominant mainly in winter. Spawned ovaries occurred from May to October. Carapace length at first maturity based on the presence of a spermatophore (CL50sp) was estimated at 39.20 mm, while that based on the presence of vitellogenic and mature ovaries (CL50ov) at 40.70 mm. The seasonal peak in the proportion of mature females (ST4) varied with size. Inseminated females at ST4 and GSI peaked in June–July. GSI varied in relation to insemination status and ovarian stage. In large females (>50 mm CL), the decline in mature ovaries and GSI increment with size indicates a relative reduction in the reproductive output. The number of oocytes ranged from 62,742 to 602,947 (mean ± SD: 268,000 ± 113,000). As the prawns are targeted during the spawning season, mainly by the artisanal fishery, and female size at first maturity is selected by artisanal net size, managerial measures toward artisanal fishery should be implemented.