Mehmed II Research Articles

VALUE OF REPEATED TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION IN SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER

Background: Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy of the urinary system, with superficial tumors representing the majority of cases. Despite initial treatment with transurethral resection (TUR), these tumors have high recurrence rates (70-80%) and can progress to muscle-invasive disease in 20-30% of cases. Repeat transurethral resection (re-TUR) has been proposed as a method to improve staging accuracy and reduce the likelihood of recurrence by detecting residual tumor tissue. Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients with superficial bladder cancer (Ta and T1 stages) treated at the Urology Clinic of Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital between January 2005 and December 2006. Following the initial TUR, all patients underwent re-TUR within 4 to 6 weeks. Pathological findings from both procedures were analyzed to identify residual tumor presence and changes in tumor stage. Patients were followed up for 24 months to monitor recurrence rates and progression to muscle-invasive disease. Results: Re-TUR revealed residual tumor tissue in 40% of patients, with higher detection rates in T1 and Grade II tumors. Patients with residual tumors had a significantly higher recurrence rate (40%) compared to those without residual tumors (15%). Additionally, 20% of patients with residual tumors progressed to muscle-invasive bladder cancer, while no progression was observed in patients without residual tumors. Conclusion: Re-TUR plays a vital role in improving staging accuracy and reducing recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer. The presence of residual tumors significantly increases the risk of recurrence and progression, highlighting the importance of re-TUR, especially in high-risk patients. These findings support the routine use of re-TUR in managing superficial bladder cancer.

The Role of Muhammad Al-Fatih in Building Turkish Civilization

The Role of Muhammad Al-Fatih in Building Turkish Civilization

Comparison of Early Warning Scores in Determining the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients.

Tocompare the effectiveness of early warning score systems in predicting 30-day poor outcomes in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients admitted to the emergency department. Descriptivestudy. Place and and Duration of the Study: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye, from March 2020 to March 2021. The patients who presented to the emergency department, diagnosed with COVID-19 and tested positive for polymerase chain reaction were analysed. The study included the calculation of the rapid emergency medicine score, risk stratification in the emergency department in acutely ill older patients score, 4C mortality score, and modified early warning score for the patients. These scores were then compared in terms of their ability to predict adverse outcomes, defined as intensive care admission and/or mortality. During the study period, 10,281 COVID-19 patients were admitted to the emergency department. Out of them, 1,826 patients were included in the study. There were 159 (8.7%) cases with poor outcomes. The risk stratification in the emergency department in acutely ill older patients Score was the most successful in poor prognosis. Based on the findings of this study, the risk stratification in the emergency department in acutely ill older patients score demonstrated greater efficacy compared to other early warning scores in identifying patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who had an early indication of a poor prognosis. Early warning score, 4C mortality score, REMS, Rise-up score, MEWS, Emergency department, COVID-19.

Implementasi Kepemimpinan Transformasional Muhammad Al-Fatih dalam Pendidikan

This article explores the pattern of Islamic leadership by Muhammad Al-Fatih, the conqueror of Constantinople and Rome (1432-1481 CE). The success of the Ottoman Empire, particularly Muhammad Al-Fatih, reflects the struggle for Islamic educational values. The impact and legacy of Sultan Al-Fatih in the development of Islamic education are discussed, as well as leadership values relevant to the modern educational context. Muhammad Al-Fatih, an influential leader, demonstrated excellence and the fight for Islamic educational values. This article also highlights the need for learning from history, especially in the context of Islamic education amidst the moral decline of youth and current educational challenges. Through a qualitative research method of historical literature review study, this article discusses Muhammad Al-Fatih. His contribution to the understanding of Islamic leadership values opens up insights for designing a holistic and progressive education system, expected to have a positive impact on the development of education in our country.

Religious Moderation in Constantinople in the Resolution of Political Conflicts in the 14th Century

The Islamic conquest of Constantinople in the 14th century is a captivating historical episode in history that continues to intrigue historians. It stands out due to the involvement of two major world religions - Islam and Christianity. Furthermore, this conquest marked the end of the Roman civilization. One notable aspect of this conquest was the harmonious relationship between Muslims and Christians, which persisted before and after the event. This study aims to explore the implementation of religious moderation in Constantinople to resolve political conflicts. Adopting a historical methodology, the research collects data through extensive documentation and literature studies, employing a socio-political approach. The findings highlight that religious moderation played a crucial role in conflict resolution during the 14th century in Constantinople. The concept of religious moderation was not only applied before the conquest, but also after it. Before the conquest, the value of moderation was demonstrated through peaceful negotiations between the Islamic kingdom and the Catholic prelate in Rome. Several treaties were agreed upon, emphasizing the importance of faith and peaceful dialogue over resorting to military confrontation. Following the conquest, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih exemplified religious moderation by engaging in negotiations with the inhabitants of Hagia Sophia. They agreed an agreement allowing Christians to continue practicing their faith despite being under Islamic rule. Additionally, al-Fatih displayed respectful treatment towards the prelate and Christian warlords, further exemplifying the value of moderation. The findings of this study shed light on the significance of religious moderation in resolving conflicts and offer a fascinating insight into the history of Constantinople during this period

Preface: Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference in Environmental Design, Urbanism, and Architecture in Asia (Eduarchsia) 2022

The 2nd International Conference in Environmental Design, Urbanism, and Architecture in Asia (Eduarchsia) 2022 has been hosted by the Department of Architecture at Islamic University of Indonesia. We honourably welcome our keynote and invited speakers Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Numan from Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University Istanbul, Turkey, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Altrock from the University of Kassel, Germany, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Marcus Hackel from Wismar University, Germany, Prof. Matteo Motti, Ph.D. from Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Prof. Tetsu Kubota from Hiroshima University, Japan, Assist. Prof. Dr. Revianto Budi Santosa from Islamic University of Indonesia, and Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, Ph.D. from the University of Indonesia.Global challenges faced by humanity such as climatic change and more recently the pandemic situation has twofold impacts. On one hand, there is an increasing awareness that we share the earth as our common home, in which we all play the custodian roles, but also compete with one another for exploitation. On the other hand, we are facing an unprecedented degree of uncertainty which makes it difficult to establish a common platform of global knowledge and patterns of collaborations.This conference addresses the above situations by challenging the current knowledge and practices in architecture as a broad field of understanding and creating places for humans to thrive. A new way of understanding the earth as our common ground while maintaining the local existence is necessary in order to deal with the variety and uncertainty of the situations. Each locality or other forms of small groups should be able to respond to this with agility and to be ready to engage in larger collaborative efforts. Humanities should deal with these multiple uncertainties in a number of ways, remapping the knowledge, technology, practice and education. Re-defining the new concept of sustainability is essential to provide a more agile and flexible concept to deal with uncertainties, as well as a more comprehensive notion to include spiritual and cultural well-being of the people. The disparity of access of resources and knowledge are also discussed as overcoming these ever-widening gaps is necessary to achieve the goals, being supported among others by advanced and appropriate technologies.Environmental Health is being a serious issue to discuss as it directly faces the challenge of pandemic situation requiring a thorough re-consideration of architecture in many respects. This topic may encompasses the discussion on advanced-technology, the strategies devised in design and new way in understanding space and its associated functions to achieve such new standard of quality.Among the fundamental resources that should be fairly shared and wisely managed on the earth is energy which include the way we improve the consumption and production of energy. Some exemplary cases of local strategies in dealing with energy can be promoted as global lessons. Wisely designed and managed, we may reverse the roles of building and built-environment from energy consumption to energy provision, which might be enhanced by applying passive strategy.It is our hope that the 2nd Eduarchsia would be able to achieve its objective in providing an effective forum for academician, researchers, and practitioners to advance in knowledge, research, and technology for humanity. With humanity, we change to the better environment and a better life. Last but not least, my deepest gratitude goes to the Advisory Board, Organizing Committee, International Scientific Committee, institutions, companies, and volunteer who have directly and indirectly supported the success of this seminar. The committee has organized a vibrant scientific program and is working hard to present highly respected and internationally notorious speakers to lead it. Although we try our finest to be professional, on behalf of Islamic University of Indonesia, please accept our sincere apologies should there be inconveniences that occur before, during, or after the event. We wish you a very productive conference with fruitful discussions and exchange of knowledge and ideas so together we can anticipate a future breakthrough of knowledge, research, and technology for humanities.Wisnu Hendrawan Bayuaji, S.T., M.A.Chairperson of eduARCHsia 2022List of Committee are available in the pdf.

Investigation of the Effects of Important Factors in Suburban Rail Route Determination with MCDM

Thorough evaluation of suburban rail route alternatives is essential for determining the appropriate route. Suburban lines provide transportation services to suburban areas; that is, they provide transportation services to distant points of the city where demand is high. In this study, five alternative suburban rail routes in the commuter rail standard, starting from the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge’s European exit and ending at Istanbul Airport, were determined as a sample corridor in the province of Istanbul. High-standard suburban rail routes and their infrastructure construction costs were determined, and route options were delineated according to their construction costs. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods were examined, including the application of the decision matrix method (DMM) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to rank the routes in terms of the factors examined in the study. These routes were ranked according to the construction costs and according to the DMM and AHP methods, and the results were compared. In the decision matrix application, geomorphological-geological, geotechnical, infrastructural, and environmental factors were considered in the evaluation and determination process. A solution was developed in which all aspects were weighted to indicate their relevance, and these factors contributed to the determination of the results. The AHP method was also applied, in which five criteria were included in the evaluation: geology (including geomorphology and soil properties), engineering structures, construction costs, population values addressed by the routes, and railroad length. In addition, the distances to the active faults were examined according to the Turkey Earthquake Hazard Map specified in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY) 2018. Depending on the factors studied, the ordering of the routes was the same for all three methods.

Bektaşî Erenlerinden Güvenç Abdal ve Şeceresi

During the 1200s and 1300s, Anatolia grappled with invasions and internal strife. In the midst of these challenges, specific movements emerged that would eventually lay the foundation for Anatolian Alevism. Their primary goal was the Islamization of Anatolia. To this end, lodges were established, and religious leaders sent pioneers like dervishes, mystics, and spiritual guides to various parts of Anatolia to spread Islam and ease its conquest. One such location was the Harşit Valley in Gümüşhane, situated along the Silk Road of the time, surrounded by rugged mountains and cliffs, named after the Harşit River flowing through it. Güvenç Abdal, assigned to this region by the renowned Hacı Bektaş Veli, (Ḥāccī Bektāş Velī, d. 669/1270–1?), settled here and established his spiritual lodge despite the challenging conditions of the area. While his exact birth and death dates remain unknown, it is believed that Güvenç Abdal lived between the 1200s and 1300s. His lineage has persisted for centuries through oral traditions and spread across many cities in Turkey. The Güvenç Abdal lodge, a quintessential example of Anatolian Alevism, not only provided services like feeding and hosting travelers, repairing their mounts, and ensuring their safety due to its strategic position on the trade route but also undertook crucial responsibilities. Furthermore, recognizing the significance of this valley for national trade, Fatih Sultan Mehmet granted the lodge various tax exemptions and protections. Sadly, the present status of this esteemed lodge is on the verge of being forgotten. Historical documents held by the lodge's descendants require restoration, translation, and preservation. In studies conducted on Güvenç Abdal and his lodge, there has been a tendency to focus solely on its sociodemographic structure, often overlooking its theological significance. Neglecting the translation and reading of the cherished genealogical tree, central to the lodge culture, has resulted in a gap in understanding the interconnectedness of ideas and events. Introducing this lodge's founder and genealogy, which still has many followers today, holds great importance. Our research aims not only to sketch the portrait of a historical figure but also to delve into the socio-political climate of the era, and its influence on people, society, and their thought processes.

ORIGAMI ANTENNA ARRAY SHAPED MOSQUE OF MUHAMMED AL-FATIH FOR VISUAL SIGHT ENHANCEMENT IN MODREN 5G MIMO NETWORKS

Origami antenna technology is initiated recently to resolve different relative issue with visual pollution and antenna embedding inside buildings sights. This technology inspired us to invoke historical sites to shape a novel antenna design-based MIMO (Multi-Input and Multi-Output) technology for 5G systems at sub-6GHz frequency bands. In such a matter, the antenna array is designed to be shaped as Muhammad Al-Fatih Mosque. The proposed antenna array is constructed from 2-elements of a 2D array configuration with a separation distance of λ/10 at 2.45GHz. After conducting several parametric studies using CST Microwave studio, the authors reached to the optimal performance of the proposed design. The proposed antenna array is found to show three frequency bands, of matching S11≤-6dB, 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, 3.1GHz-3.8GHz, and 4.5GHz-5.1GHz with a gain of 5.2dBi, 6.8dBi, and 8.1dBi, respectively. Nevertheless, it is found that the proposed antenna array mutual coupling, S12, is about -20dB over the entire frequency band of interest. Later, the proposed antenna performance is validated using a commercial HFSS software package. Finally, the results from the conducted design methodology are found to agree very well with each other.

K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde’s Tahāfut and Its Place in Ottoman Thought

In the tradition of Islamic philosophy, mas̲h̲s̲h̲āʾiyyūn have been subjected to serious criticism in G̲h̲azālī’s (d. 1111) work Tahāfut al-Falāsifa, with the claim that their philosophical views are incoherent. Tahāfut, which pioneered the structural transformation of Islamic philosophy, is also the source of the tradition of Tahāfut in Islamic thought. Islamic philosophy in the Ottoman period presents a multidisciplinary structure in which the disciplines of ilm al-kalām, philosophy and taṣawwuf converge in terms of subject, purpose, and method. Besides, it is the continuation of a tradition in which G̲h̲azālī’s thought is dominant in general. philosophy gained momentum with a competition for a work that Fatih Sultan Mehmed wanted to be written on G̲h̲azālī’s Tahāfut. In this competition, K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde’s (d. 1488) Tahāfut al-Falāsifa and Alāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī al-Ṭūsī’s (d. 1482) Kitāb al-Zuhr competed and K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde’s work won the competition with major praise. This work of K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde entitled Tahāfut al-Falāsifa has an exceptional place in terms of its contribution to both the Islamic philosophy tradition and the tradition of tahāfut. This work, in terms of its theoretical approach, which has a feature that offers insight and method of addressing the issues systematically, is a typical example to the Islamic philosophy of the Ottoman period and gained a considerable reputation at that time. The original name of K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde’s work is Kitâb al-Tahāfut fi'l-Muhākama Bayna'l G̲h̲azālī wa'l Falāsifa. The work consists of twenty philosophical issues. K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde explained his views on all philosophical issues in these twenty-two issues, and also discussed the issues on which G̲h̲azālī conflicted with the philosophers. Three issues that have become important in the tradition of thought after al-G̲h̲azālī denounced the philosophers constitute the main subject of the work. The instructions and annotations written on this work made a great contribution to the development of philosophy in the tradition of Ottoman thought, and moreover, in a sense, it provided the revival of the dusty volume of tahâfut discussions. In this article, by using literature and data analysis methods, the tradition of tahāfut reflecting the course of Islamic philosophy in the Ottoman period and the place and importance of K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde’s tahāfut in this tradition will be revealed. Another aim of this study is the possible relations between K̲hōd̲j̲ā-Zāde's intellectual personality and the structural features of the Ottoman thought tradition.

Muhammad Al-Fatih's Conquest of Constantinople: Strategies and Implications

This research focuses on the expansionist policies pursued by Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih and their impact on the regions surrounding Constantinople. The qualitative study aims to delve deeper into the strategies employed by Al-Fatih and contribute to a deeper understanding of his political expansion. The research methodology involves analyzing historical accounts and relevant literature, conducting a comprehensive review of existing scholarly works, and employing a descriptive analytical approach. The study highlights the military preparation, diplomacy and alliances, siege tactics, technological utilization, and post-conquest rule as key factors in Al-Fatih's expansionist endeavors. The conquest of Constantinople had significant ramifications for both Europe and the Islamic world. In Europe, it altered the political landscape, led to changes in trade routes, and resulted in massive migrations. In the Islamic world, it elevated the status and pride of the Muslim community, inspired other leaders, and influenced art, architecture, and literature.

From The Past to The Present: Footprint of Urban and Forest Ecology in Istanbul

Istanbul is an important city whose population has been increasing continuously from the past to the present. This increase has led to the emergence of new residential areas, and therefore, to the constant expansion of the boundaries of the settlement. Today's core of the city of Istanbul is the historical region called the city wall. Until the 1950s, the settlement was mainly concentrated in this area and its immediate vicinity. There were more industrial facilities outside this region. In the time leading up to the construction of the first bridge into the Bosphorus, the population was generally gathered between the coastal and the D100 highway. After the construction of the first bridge in 1973, the boundaries of the settlement began to shift to the north of the D100 highway. When the second bridge to the Bosphorus (Fatih Sultan Mehmet) was built in 1988, the boundaries of the settlement expanded further north. Since this year, the bridge has been built together with the II. The area between the Ring Road (TEM) and the D-100 highway has been the scene of a busy settlement. During these years (1970-1990), which constituted the highest period of migration from the countryside to the city, the population of Istanbul increased more than twice. In the time leading up to the construction of the third Bosphorus bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim), the settlement experienced a rapid expansion to the north of the TEM road. Istanbul, which has experienced the same periodic process twice in the past, is experiencing it again with the construction of the third bridge. This time, the city's borders have entered a continuous expansion circuit towards the Black Sea. During these processes, the city's green areas have rapidly declined and the urban areas have continuously increased. In order to detect this change in periods, periodic satellite images were classified through GIS and Remote Sensing programs and the evolution of green areas were revealed. The findings revealed that the green areas have been decreasing continuously since 1975 and this is closely related to the bridges and connection roads. It has been revealed that the process that the city has experienced in the past will live again with the newly built bridge, and this time the process will be faster. In this new period, the Black Sea will form the new border of the city. This shows us that the city is pushing the boundaries of expansion and that the new green spaces will lose their function.

Sultan's Law and Islamic Sharia in The Ottoman Empire Court: An Analysis of The Existence of Secular Law

This article aims to describe the impact of legal dualism within the Ottoman Empire. After Constantinople was taken over, Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih instituted a significant policy, including issuing laws and regulations for the benefit of society; then, there was also a dualism system within the Ottoman Empire, which was visible during the reign of Sultan Sulaiman I. During this time, foreign nationals were mainly recruited, and foreign traders began to gain impunity at the peak of power. This then prompted several questions, such as were the sultans free to create the laws they wanted, or was Islamic law still binding on them? Was Sultan's law an innovation from the Ottoman Empire or a legacy from the preceding dynasty in the form of Capitulation? To address those issues, the authors conducted a comparative historical analysis of various types of literature. We used a descriptive qualitative approach to Qānūn's position, which served as a springboard for foreign intervention in an Empire that was strong but weak in political policies which occasionally strayed outside the corridor of Islamic Sharia which had become customary and national culture. The tolerance separated from the corridors of Islam derailed during the crisis. This became a springboard for legal dualism in a state body with integrity in various dimensions.Keywords: Sultan's Law, Sharia, Judiciary, Ottoman

EFFECT OF HEAT TRANSFER ON FIRE DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND SPREAD OF FIRE

Fire has played a leading role in the development of civilizations and fire and the energy produced by fire have been effective in every turning point throughout history. The main energy of the cannons used by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 is the combustion reaction. On the basis of the industrial revolution and mechanization, the main energy source is the combustion reaction. Today, the combustion reaction is the basis of the operation of automobiles, heating, feeding and many other processes. Cooking, heating, lighting and pottery making, which are also the most basic needs, have always been thanks to fire. In this way, fire has become so important for human beings that it is the subject of myths. However, especially in the last century, with the rapid development of technology, the variety of building materials, items and devices used in the construction of living spaces has increased and the use of synthetic-based products as raw materials has become widespread in these areas. This situation can cause today's fires to be much more destructive. In today's fires, many different fire gases occur. Likewise, the heat value produced by fires can be much higher. This not only facilitates the growth and spread of fires, but also makes extinguishing efforts more difficult. It absolutely necessitates the use of personal protection equipment so that the heat and fire gases generated do not affect the extinguishing personnel. In recent years, many firefighters who entered the fire environment without using personal protective equipment or wearing them incorrectly have been injured or lost their lives. In this paper, the heat transfer patterns and fire stages that cause the rapid growth of indoor fires are examined, and the indicators that may be the harbinger of possible dangers in these stages are emphasized.

Prognosis evaluation with optical coherence tomography in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy

BackgroundCentral serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is the fourth most common retinopathy that causes severe vision loss and is frequently seen in young and active patients. Our aim in this study is to evaluate whether a foresight about the prognosis of patients with CSCR can be obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Materials and methodsPatients diagnosed with chronic CSCR at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, were screened between January 2017 and September 2019, and 30 patients were included in the study. The anatomical and functional changes of the patients during the 6-month follow-up and the relationship between the OCT findings at baseline and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the sixth month were evaluated. ResultsAll of the participants were treated with subthreshold micropulse laser therapy. BCVA increased significantly at first month and sixth month examinations compared to baseline, while the central macular thicknesses decreased significantly (p = 0.01, p = 0.00). Among the parameters examined in the baseline OCT, a positive correlation was found between the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (r = -0.520, p = 0.003) and BCVA at sixth month. In addition, subretinal fluid density and the number of intra-subretinal hyperreflective dots negatively affected BCVA (r = 0.371, p = 0.044 and r = 0.509, p = 0.004). ConclusionOuter nuclear layer thickness, subretinal fluid density and intra-subretinal hyperreflective dots were the OCT biomarkers related to sixth month BCVA. The clinical use of these biomarkers will help evaluate the prognosis of the CSCR.

Spirit Agama Dan Politik Dalam Penaklukan Konstantinopel

Attacks were carried out many times one after another and failure always played a role in the conquest of Byzantium City which began during the reign of Usman bin Affan and was continued by the caliph thereafter until the peak of the glory of the Ottoman Turks in the 14th century AD led by Sultan Muhammad II, known as Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih where at that time Islamic teachings had spread to the European continent. He took over the Ottoman Empire after his father died and ruled for nearly thirty years which was characterized by a personality that combined intelligence, strength, justice and obedience to the creator. He also received help from a teacher who was always an advisor so he was able to conquer the city of Constantinople and make The center of the great Islamic civilization at that time.

A Survey of Historic Buildings in Sivrihisar Using Advanced Technologies

The built heritage is one of the most valuable reminiscences of the human past. It is constantly in danger of being lost or irreversibly altered in the current time due to various impacts of our daily activities. Therefore, there is a continuing need to document still standing historic fabrics and associated structures Afterward, sound decisions are possible to be undertaken and mistakes avoided. Advantage of our time is availability of new technologies which enable precise and fast record generation. This paper aims to give an overview and discuss the application of new technologies in historic buildings survey, in particularly 3d laser scanning, drone recording and 3D modeling using digital photos, which are applied in conservation master studio at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University in Istanbul, and its benefits and significance for the advancement of education in the future.

The spectacle of/as the state: The 2016 coup in Turkey and the performance of sovereignty

Examining the settings of the 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, this paper traces the relationship between state power, agency and media. On 15 July 2016, reports emerged through social networking sites and other mainstream media of armoured military tanks blocking the entrances to the Bosphorus and Fatih Sultan Mehmet bridges in Istanbul. Appearing via FaceTime on CNN Türk, President Erdoğan called people onto the streets to confront the occupying forces. Following the foiled coup attempt, officials praised the public for using communication technology to topple the coup plotters. I juxtapose the different settings where the coup unfolded to argue these events are symbolic phenomena, underscoring how the imaginary of ‘national unity’ is mediated to (re)affirm state power.

Sağlık Çalışanlarında Covid-19 Hastalığına Bağlı Risk Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Aim: The most prominent victims of the Covid-19 pandemic are healthcare workers. The increasing workload in hospitals and daily exposure to a disease factor threaten the health of healthcare professionals and the community. With this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors in terms of infection of healthcare workers who are exposed to the disease during the health service delivery to Covid-19 patients, and whether current infection control measures are effective. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted with a questionnaire for healthcare workers diagnosed with Covid-19 and non-infected healthcare workers working in a Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul in Istanbul. Results: In the study in which 127 healthcare workers participated, the average duration of experience in the profession was found to be higher in cases compared to controls (p = 0.011). The rate of taking prophylactic drugs after high-risk exposure to Covid-19 patients was significantly higher in the case group compared to controls (p=0,001). Conclusion: Healthcare workers with more experience in the profession appear to be at greater risk of Covid-19 infection and high-risk unprotected exposure may be associated with higher infection rates. Three days of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine after high-risk contact with a Covid-19 patient is not effective in preventing the disease.

Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam Dalam Film Battle Of Empires Fetih 1453

Muhammad Al-Fatih (1432-1481) is one of prominent Islamic figures who is famous for his phenomenal bravery in conquering Constantinople in 1453 AD. The history of the conquest could be read in various Islamic history books. The epic story is even filmed through the movie of Battle of Empires Fetih 1453. The movie undoubtedly brings positive vibes for its Islamic educational values. Thus, this article is aimed at exploring of any possible Islamic educational values attached in the movie. The exploration is conducted through qualitative method of content analysis approach. The data was collected was one of movie scene of Battle of Empires Fetih 1453. All data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman technique with the stages of collecting, reducing and analyzing data and drawing conclusions. It is finally found that there are fourten Islamic educational values in the movie; six Islamic educational values related to Aqidah, three values related to worshipping (Ibadah) aspects and five values related to Akhlak. This findings is expected to give any ideas of new Islamic learning resources; movies. Besides, it is also ecouraged that the values in the movie could be another inspiration for the forthcoming Islamic generation as a young Islamic generation