Megawatts Of Electric Power Research Articles

ANALISIS KERUGIAN ENERGI SISTEM TURBIN GAS DI PLTGU BLOK III PT. X, CIKARANG, BEKASI

Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) 8 operates since January 2010. The problem that occurs from the gas turbine system is decreasing of electrical power. From the commissioning data, GTG 8 is capable of generating 120.2 megawatts of electrical power. In March 2017 GTG 8 was only able to generate electricity by 109.1 megawatts. There was a decrease of 9.23% of electric power capacity. Overview of thermal efficiency and heat loss needs to be done to find out improvement opportunities and recommendations. At commissioning period, thermal efficiency reaches 32.06% while from 2013 to 2017 the average thermal efficiency value reaches only 29.25%. From the data obtained rate of efficiency decreasing 2.81%. At commissioning, the resulting heat loss only reached 135.03 MW. The current operating conditions average heat loss reached 172.50 MW. There was a deviation of 37.47 MW or 21.7%. Based on calculations and data, one factor that can decrease of thermal efficiency and increase heat loss is the compression temperature. The increase in compression temperature is caused by the dust and impurities that enter into the compressor that precipitates on the compressor blades so that the compressed air temperature tends to increase. Dust and impurities can be reduced by the offline water wash method. This process can lower the compression temperature from 693.68 O F to 690.62 O F. A decline of 3.06 O F. This results in actual work of the compressor decreasing from 153.26 Btu / lb to 152.13 Btu / lb. Turbine thermal efficiency tends to increase from 29.02% to 29.43% or increase by 0.41%. After the offline water wash process, the generator generated power reaches 110.50 MW. Increases 4 MW or 3.62% compared to before the compressor is cleaned. The increase causes the system's heat loss to decrease by 5.2 MW or 2.96%.

Parsimonious numerical modelling of deep geothermal reservoirs

Numerical modelling has been undertaken to help improve understanding of a deep geothermal system being considered for development in the vicinity of Eastgate (Weardale, County Durham, UK). A parsimonious numerical modelling approach is used, which allows the possibility to develop a workable formal framework, rigorously testing evolving concepts against data as they become available. The approach used and results presented in this study are valuable as a contribution to a wider understanding of deep geothermal systems. This modelling approach is novel in that it utilises the mass transport code MT3DMS as a surrogate representation for heat transport in mid-enthalpy geothermal systems. A three-dimensional heat transport model was built, based on a relatively simple conceptual model. Results of simulation runs of a geothermal production scenario have positive implications for a working geothermal system at Eastgate. The Eastgate Geothermal Field has significant exploitation potential for combined heat and power purposes; it is anticipated that this site could support several tens of megawatts of heat production for direct use and many megawatts of electrical power using a binary power plant.

Germany's green - energy gap

Germany stumbles in its move to replace coal and nuclear power with offshore wind energy. The six offshore wind turbines that REpower Systems began erecting near Germany's coast in 2004 make their older cousins look like pin wheels. Each one has three 61.5-meter blades, which in a good breeze make one revolution every 5 seconds, producing 5 megawatts of electric power.

The Design and Testing of a Molten Salt Steam Generator for Solar Application

This paper describes the design and testing of the Steam Generator Subsystem (SGS) for the Molten Salt Electric Experiment at Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Molten Salt Electric Experiment (MSEE) has been established at the Department of Energy’s five megawatt thermal Solar Central Receiver Test Facility, to demonstrate the feasibility of the molten salt central receiver concept. The experiment is capable of generating 0.75 megawatts of electric power from solar energy, with the capability of storing seven megawatt-hours of thermal energy. The steam generator subsystem transfers sensible heat from the solar-heated molten nitrate salt to produce steam to drive a conventional turbine. This paper discusses the design requirements dictated by the steam generator application and also reviews the process conditions. Details of each of the SGS components are given, featuring the aspects of the design and performance unique to the solar application. The paper concludes with a summary of the test results confirming the overall design of the subsystem.

Exploration and Development of the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field

Summary A multidisciplinary effort to locate, delineate, and characterize the geothermal system at Cerro Prieto field, Baja California, Mexico, began in the late 1950's. It led to the identification of an important high-temperature, liquid-dominated geothermal system which went into production in 1973. This paper summarizes and discusses the exploration and monitoring studies related to this field. Introduction The Cerro Prieto geothermal field is located in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico, about 30 km [19 miles] south of the U.S. border (Fig. 1). It has been in production since 1973, being the first liquid-dominated geothermal system in North America to produce significant electrical power. The general geologic similarity between Cerro Prieto and the geothermal fields of the neighboring Imperial Valley (southern California), and the experience gained by the Comisión Federal de Electricidad of Mexico (CFE) in locating and developing the resource were the main factors that led to the signing, in 1977, of a 5-year agreement between CFE and the U.S. Energy R&D Admin., now the U.S. DOE, to conduct a cooperative study of Cerro Prieto.1 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) coordinated U.S. technical activities carried out under the agreement. Because of the success of this cooperative program, discussions are being held to sign a new DOE/CFE agreement to study Cerro Prieto and other geothermal areas in Mexico. Exploration for geothermal energy in the Cerro Prieto area began in the late 1950's, and the first deep exploration wells were drilled in 1960–61 over the thermal anomaly. By early 1983, about 120 deep wells (up to 3550 m [11,647 ft] in depth) had been drilled, delineating a good portion of the geothermal reservoir (Fig. 2). Presently, 180 MW of electricity are being generated; CFE, which manages and operates Cerro Prieto, is building two new power plants that will increase the output to 620 MWe (megawatts of electric power) before the end of 1985. A vast amount of data on the subsurface of the area and on the characteristics of the producing wells has been gathered. Cerro Prieto is one of the more thoroughly documented and best understood geothermal systems in the world. This paper reviews the exploration effort which first led to the discovery of the field, then to the delineation of the resource, and finally to the definition of the subsurface fluid and heat circulation. Other studies carried out on Cerro Prieto are summarized in Ref. 2. Geologic Setting of the Area Cerro Prieto is situated in the southern portion of the Salton trough, an actively developing structural depression filled with sediments. It is the landward continuation of the Gulf of California (Fig. 1) and a region of high seismicity and high heat flow. The Salton trough is the result of tectonic activity, which has created a series of spreading centers and transform faults that link the East Pacific Rise, an oceanic ridge, with the San Andreas fault system, a transform boundary (Fig. 3).3,4 The Cerro Prieto field is located on a tensional spreading center at the ends of the right-lateral strike-slip Imperial and Cerro Prieto faults.3,4 Although the mechanics for crustal deformation and heating and for magma generation and movement into the shallow crust are not completely known, it is believed that Cerro Prieto is an area where gabbroic magma rising from a deeper chamber is creating a volcanic oceanic-type crust.5,6 Rapid sedimentation into this pull-apart basin has provided the reservoir and caprock for the geothermal system, and the thick sediments obscure the presence of the heating and plutonic activity. An area of seismicity connects the Cerro Prieto and Imperial faults (Fig. 4), providing evidence for crustal extension and magma ascent via dikes. There probably exists a plexus of dikes and sills7,8 and perhaps some deeper plutons. Basaltic dikes have been intersected in wells drilled to depths of 3 km [2 miles] and more in the eastern part of the field.9,10 The only significant volume of young volcanics to breach the surface are the two rhyodacitic cones ( 0.11 million years before present) that comprise the Cerro Prieto volcano. The composition of these rocks indicates that crustal heating by the gabbroic intrusions has been sufficient to partially melt and mobilize the silicic crust.

On the possibilities of thermal energy conversion in lakes

Abstract The paper discusses the possibility of extracting electrical energy from the thermal energy stored in stratified lakes. Three situations are examined, an open lake or pond acting as a solar collector, a combination of waste heat and solar energy, and selective withdrawal of warm and cold streams from a stratified hydroelectric reservoir. Approximate calculations of the energy returns are made for typical conditions. The returns are limited by environmental factors as well as a short operating season. By using the deep stratified Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan and Ontario) as solar collectors, a few thousand megawatts of electrical power could be produced in the Great Lakes Basin during the summer months. This power could be produced on a year‐round basis by a single large nuclear generating station.