Megawatts Of Electricity Research Articles

Jet engines, wind turbines, and AI: community reactions to new sounds

When jet engine-powered commercial aircraft started flying in and out of airports in the mid-20th century, surrounding communities-often in rural areas-were exposed to unprecedented sound levels. A straight line can be drawn from the reactions of those communities to today's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airport acoustical requirements. Community reactions to utility-scale wind energy facilities in the late 20th and early 21st centuries led to a bevy of local legislation around the United States, some of which has been insightful and helpful. More recently, society's ever-increasing demand for bits and bytes is introducing suburban areas to data centers-campuses of multi-story buildings requiring access to high volumes of cool air, fast Internet connections, and megawatts of electricity. Community reactions to the resulting environmental sound levels are again driving regulation and legislation. In all these cases, community reactions have driven the narrative. Instead of responding to community reactions, the noise control engineering community and their clients could be more proactive-the professionals could lead the narrative. Ideas about how to achieve this level of proactivity are discussed.

A new analysis for a concentrated solar power-based cogeneration system with molten salt energy storage and heat recovery steam generator – Case study – (USA, France, Canada)

This study sought to determine an optimal scenario concerning multiple climatic parameters to maximize the performance of a solar system. A molten salt energy storage unit was used to enable round-the-clock power generation and maximize the system's reliability. A solar concentrator with heliostats and a solar receiver was employed to absorb solar energy, and a modified steam Rankine cycle was utilized to generate power. A total of 12 scenarios were evaluated based on three climatic parameters (ambient temperature, sunshine duration, and wind speed) and one techno-economic parameter (number of heliostats). Sankey analysis, which is a novel technique used to determine the optimal scenarios in the literature, revealed that Scenario 8 was optimal. This scenario showed the maximum exergy rate, minimum exergy destruction, and lowest cost rate. This scenario considered the sunshine duration of 11 h, ambient temperature of 16 °C, wind speed of 3 m/s, and 300 heliostats, resulting in output energy of 1582 kWh and exergy destruction of 34250 kWh. The parametric analysis showed that the turbine and superheater temperatures had the greatest effects on the system performance. The exergy analysis of the system demonstrated that the heliostats and solar receivers accounted for the largest portions of exergy destruction. Multi-objective optimization via response surface method yielded the optimal exergy round-trip efficiency of 11.5% and optimal cost rate of 229.2 $/h. The economic analysis of the system revealed that the solar subsystem had the highest cost rate. In terms of efficiency and production power, this system will perform differently in different parts of the world and under different weather conditions. To this end, it is important to find out where this particular system will be more efficient and powerful. Six different scenarios have been defined for the parametric analysis of the proposed system in order to achieve reliable results. For the case study, Los Angeles and San Diego were selected as the regions with the highest similarity to the optimal scenario in terms of sunshine duration, ambient temperature, and wind speed, whereas Paris and Toronto were randomly selected. The performance of the system showed that the system can produce 2612.3 megawatts of electricity in the city of San Diego and 2472.4 megawatts of electricity in the city of Los Angeles. Also, by setting up this system, it is possible to provide electricity for 51 to 54 residential units. The proposed system performed better in regions with climatic parameters similar to those in the optimal scenario.

RETRACTED: Neural network-based optimization of hydrogen fuel production energy system with proton exchange electrolyzer supported nanomaterial

In this research, we try to investigate a solar-geothermal energy system. This system includes three turbines for power production, a PEM electrolyzer for hydrogen production, and a thermoelectric for generating electricity from excess heat. In addition, the seawater will be passed through the osmotic cycle to gain fresh water. The required power for this osmotic cycle will be obtained through the energy produced by the main turbines. The generated load, hydrogen production flow rate, purified water flow rate, and heating consumption are assessed in this study. The results showed that this system can produce 3.8 megawatts of electricity as well as 8 g per second of hydrogen fuel at the operating point. Also, the energy efficiency of this system is estimated to be 19%. Afterward, machine learning methods are used to optimize designing parameters, and the optimum operating point in terms of useful power and stored fuel flow rate is obtained by a genetic algorithm. The optimum operating point of this energy system has a useful power output of 4.099 megawatts and a hydrogen flow rate of 29 g per second. In the end, the distribution of the design parameters is displayed for points of the beam curve.

TECHNO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF ELECTRICITY GENERATING POTENTIALS OF FLARED GASES IN KOKORI TOWN OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

According to the Department of Petroleum resource (DPR) in its 2018 annual report, 11% of total gas production in Nigeria was flared that year, which translate into about 88.06 BSCF (billions standard cubic feet) of gases that could have been delivered to power plants. This work aims to study the economic benefits of utilizing flared gases for power generation in Nigeria using Kokori Island in Delta State as a case study. Data such as flare volumes and gas turbines fuel consumption were obtained from July to December 2018. The research work was carried out using a five steps methodology which include; Intensive literature review, Site visits, Data collection, Data classification and analysis using payback period. Primary data used were collected through direct measurement of related parameters, The following findings were made; (1)That about 86 % ($5, 002, 391.844) of the total annual operating and maintenance cost goes into purchasing of natural gas for fuelling the turbines to generate electricity, (2) That the average daily gas flaring volume is about 7.2 mmscf/d (Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day) which translates into about 2,625 million mmscf per year, (3) Hitachi H25 gas turbine generator requires about 3.5657 mmscf of natural gas per day to generate 22.9 Mega Watts of electricity which translates into about 1,301 mmscf per year. The following are the recommendations;(1) That the federal government through its Department of Petroleum resource (DPR) should enforce a total ban on gas flaring in Nigeria, (2) That the federal government of Nigeria should decentralize electricity generation and distribution to encourage more investors through a competitive market system, (3) That more indigenous engineers and scientists should undertake researches in electricity generation, transmission and distribution so as to make the commodity available and affordable to Nigerian citizens in the nearest future.

INVENTARISASI TANAM TUMBUH DAN POLA RUANG PADA TAPAK TOWER SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI 150 KV AMUNTAI-TAMIANG LAYANG

Forest inventory is an activity to determine forest potential which is adjusted to the objectives to be achieved. Forest inventorying activities in other fields such as electricity are known as plant inventories with economic value. The use of electricity is an important factor in people's lives, both in the household sector, lighting, communication, industry and so on. The Government's program, which targets an additional 56.4 thousand megawatts of electricity in the next 10 years, requires a large number of high-voltage air duct. Purpose of this research is to produce data on the types and potential of economic plants on the Amutai-Tamiang Layang HVAD tower site. The method in this research is a 100% census of 120 tower site points, covering three regencies namely Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Tabalong Regency, and East Barito Regency. The results of this research were 41 species of plants with the potential for plants which were found to be small and unproductive plants as many as 32 plant species and 1979 stems, while the potential for productive plants was 11 species with the number 1076 stems and potential for large plants totaling 25 species with a total of 416 stems. The research location of 120 points is included in the spatial pattern of other use areas so that PT PLN (Persero) no longer carries out a business license for utilization of wood forest products (IUPHHK) to the Ministry of Forestry and the Environment.Keywords: Plants Inventory; Tower Site; HVAD.

Approach in the modeling of wind turbines for power system stability studies and evaluation of their impact on electric power systems

Wind power - one the fastest evolving in renewable energy industry. From year to year the share of wind energy in power systems are increasing as well as increasing the size of wind farms. A large-scale wind farms that produce hundreds of megawatts of electricity have a serious impact on the power grid. This paper discusses proposed approaches to modeling wind farms using the Hybrid Real-Time Power System Simulator (HRTSim), to study stability and transient processes in electric power systems.

The Political Economy of Nigeria’s Power Sector Reforms: Challenges and Prospects, 2005-2015

The availability of power is an inexorable catalyst to boost levels of industrial activity for economic development. Nigeria’s electricity supply is dismal owing to institutional, legal, regulatory and capital problems. With a large population, the abysmal generation of less than 4,500 megawatts of electricity hardly suffices for energy requirements. Government’s capital-intensive holistic reform of the sector for reliable service delivery with huge production target has been inadequate. The paper unveils the challenges and prospects of the reforms and its strategic implications for Nigeria’s socio-economic development. It identifies blatant corruption, lack of political will and international best practices as hampering success. It recommends that effective and efficient management of power supply will increase industrialisation, private and public participation, job creation, high productivity and redirection of youthful energies into productive forces to bring about national development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4p443

NASIONALISASI PT INALUM MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG PENANAMAN MODAL (UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 25 TAHUN 2007) : PRO KONTRA INDONESIA DAN JEPANG

Research in the sphere of Foreign Investments would be so remote in Indonesia, this research examines the Japanese joint venture legal entity with Indonesia, PT. Inalum which have a potential asset in supporting the improvement of the people's economy. Furthermore PT Inalum engaged in the aluminum smelting ore in North Sumatera that has a hydroelectric power plant which can generate 600 Megawatts of electricity. In Act number 25 of 2007 on Investment Article 7 declared that the nationalization of foreign investment companies occur with requirements, therefore in this study examines the "Nationalization PT Inalum according to Investment Law in Indonesia." Although this research is done normatively but we conducted interviews with informants of the Japanese in this case Mrs. Haruna Hiroko and delivery guidance interview conducted via email to a resource, Prof. Yuketa Hiroshi of Touin University in Yokohama, Japan. Results of the research noted that the completion of the nationalization of PT Inalum in Indonesia is not resolved by the Foreign Arbitration Board, as the mandate of the Act, but it is done by deliberation.
 
 Keywords: Foreign Investments, Indonesia

발전용 대형 엔진 적용을 위한 천연가스-디젤 혼소에 대한 수치 해석적 연구

Recently KEPCO, KOGAS and other institutions are jointly conducting an R&D for the development and demonstration of the power generation system based on a natural gas/diesel engine on an island. As a preliminary study, co-combustion in the dual fuel engine, which is expected to produce a few mega-watts of electricity, was modeled and calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The applied key assumptions are 2-dimensional axisymmetric, transient and static volume chemical reaction. Based on the selected blending ratio, which is the key operating condition, natural gas is substituted instead of diesel fuel (basis of high heating value). Results showed that as the blending ratio increases, the reaction rate of the combustion increases and thus maximum temperature is reached more rapidly. For the optimal performance, various geometric or operational studies will further be conducted.

Nuclear power in Ukraine: Crisis or path to energy independence?

Ukraine is a major nuclear power, with 15 reactors that produce more than 13,000 megawatts of electricity annually. Nuclear power has become important in contemporary Ukraine as the country’s leaders seek energy independence from Russian oil and gas amid significant tensions between the two countries in the wake of Russia’s annexation of Crimea and as its proxy war in eastern Ukraine continues. Other challenges to Ukraine’s determination to expand nuclear energy production include the costly legacy of the Chernobyl disaster; bureaucratic changes that have blurred responsibilities for promotion and regulation of nuclear power; cost overruns typical for nuclear power everywhere; the aging of power stations; and uncertainty in how to deal with nuclear dependence on Russia in terms of both nuclear technologies and the nuclear fuel cycle. Yet Ukraine remains determined to produce the lion’s share of its electricity from nuclear power plants.

Financing Africa’s massive projects

It is an audacious $4.8 billion project undertaken by one of the world’s poorest countries. At the construction site in the Benishangul region of Ethiopia near the Sudanese border, some 8,500 workers are labouring tirelessly every day to build the gigantic Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. When completed in 2017, the dam will generate 6,000 megawatts of electricity for domestic consumption and export.

Overview of Recent Development in Energy Resources Law in Nigeria

Overview of Recent Development in Energy Resources Law in Nigeria

Giving back to society

Last July, US President Barack Obama set the spark for his Power Africa programme that will help sub-Saharan African countries build power production and transmission projects and double their electricity access. President Obama announced in Cape Town, South Africa, his plan to mobilize $16 billion for investments that will generate 10,000 megawatts of electricity. With Nigerian billionaire and philanthropist Tony Elumelu pledging $2.5 billion towards that amount, it appears that Obama’s turn towards Africa is energizing the continent’s new philanthropic elites who can play a critical role in social enterprise, build capacity and pilot new technologies.

Africa watch

Ethiopia’s ambitious plan to build a $4.2 billion dam in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, 40 kms from its border with Sudan, is expected to provide 6,000 megawatts of electricity, enough for its population plus some excess it can sell to neighbouring countries. Dubbed the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, it will be Africa’s biggest dam and will depend on water from the 6,700-km Nile River, the world’s longest river.

Development by synergising renewable energy with social services

This paper explains the idea of a synergism between cutting–edge renewable energy technologies and social services. This is designed to create 'free' services for the public. These 'free' services could occur if 'intensive' renewable energy generation technologies permitted the physical structures housing social services to sell megawatts of electricity. This would act as the income necessary to support the particular social service. The practice could bypass the public treasury. It could remove governments from the neoliberal versus nanny–state debates by creating a framework which would allow the marketplace to spur the growth of 'free' social services and the proliferation of renewable energy technologies. Private investors could gain returns on their capital from the income generated by the renewable energy technology. In turn, private investment would foster an increased provision of social services.

Energy and environmental assessment of on-site power and cooling for data centers

High density data centers consume mega watts of electricity for both computing and cooling. Because of the fast paced growth of data center energy demand, effective energy conservation measures must be implemented. The use of on-site combined power generation and cooling systems for data centers that are located on campuses is discussed and compared to grid-powered data centers. The placement of the power plant on site not only reduces transmission losses, but also allows the utilization of the power plant waste heat to generate cooling for the data center and both heating and cooling for adjacent campus buildings. This is why on-site power generation for data centers is an appealing option. Further, with on-site power generation, it is possible to supply the data center with direct current (DC)power, thus, avoiding the cascade of waste in the multiple AC/DC conversions typical of conventional data centers. This article presents a detailed modeling effort to assess the efficiency and environmental and energy cost benefits of such on-site co-generation systems for campus-embedded data centers by utilizing a primary energy analysis.

Nigeria: Militancy, Amnesty, Power And Economic Growth (an intricate mix)

More than ninety percent (90%) of the foreign exchange earnings of the federal republic of Nigeria, comes from the Niger Delta. But the region has been embroiled in crisis because of the peoples’ fight for resource control and search for redress after many years of neglect. Several militant groups were formed and hostage taking (kidnapping),pipe line vandalisation, terrorizing of oil workers, disabling flow stations,shuting down oil rigs, disruption of infrastructural development and absolute lawlessness became the order of the day. An oil sector with a daily installed capacity of 3.2 million barrels of crude per day (mbpd) came down to 1.3 mbpd in 2008 because of the activities of the militants. With the retariliatory attacks by the militants in June 2009, production hovered between 800,000bpd and 1.2 mbpd The mantra of President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua since he assumed office, has been his 7-point agenda. This paper howeversingles out two (no.1 and no.6) out of the 7 points for close examination, namely,(i).Security and (ii) Power and energy. Nigeria has been tagged the darkest nation on earth because of her very serious energy crisis. Many companies have relocated, shut down or reduced operations in Nigeria, throwing multiple thousands into the job market. Nigeria has been appropriately tagged a grave for big businesses. The manufacturers’ Association of Nigeria (M.A.N) has lamented that the greatest challenge to manufacturing in Nigeria is power. One of the campaign promises of President Yar’Adua was to produce 6,000 megawatts of electricity by the end of 2009 and 10,000 megawatts by 2011.The gas needed to achieve a major part of this dream is suppose to come from the Niger Delta. The amnesty programme put in place by President Yar’Adua, which expired on the 4th of October 2009,saw many militants laying down their arms. With relative peace in the region, gradual growth is once again being experienced in the economy. The projected 6,000 megawatts by December 2009 which hitherto looked like a mirage, is beginning to look realizable Some states in Nigeria have come out with laws addressing the very disturbing vice of kidnapping / hostage taking. Some recommend life imprisonment while others prescribe the death penalty for offendersThe success of the amnesty programme of the Nigerian federal government is commendable, but we must tell ourselves a few truths. We must ensure that sincerity is the watchword .All commitments made must be kept. Already, some of the militants are crying fowl-they suspect that the government will renege on its promises. Some of them openly confessed that they have their PLAN B, which is, returning back to the creeks and resuming militancy-this is not a good sign. We must objectively ask ourselves: ‘why did the boys in the creeks take up arms against the federal government in the first place. We cannot just sweep the issue of resource control under the carpet. Until the aggrieved party is truly assuaged and fully re-intergraded, it is not yet uhuru. The kind of sophisticated weapons surrendered by many of the ‘ex-militants’ (many of which, even the Nigerian security operatives could not handle) made me to shudder. How did the boys in the creeks amass this kind of weaponry? We know today that politicians (several of whom are still in power or in the corridors of power) recruited many of these boys in the creeks as political thugs, handing them guns with which they have continued to terrorise the citizenry. Politicians have created monsters they can no longer control. It is also common knowledge that foreign nationals are contributing to the crisisbecause they buy stolen oil from illegal bunkerers and in turn supply them with guns and other armunitions.PLEASE THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY SHOULD HELP LASTING PEACE RETURN TO THE NIGER DELTA. The Nigerian government should do all it can to shrink the huge unemployment profile in the country as unemployed youths are ever ready tools of distabilisationI see genuine peace returning to the Niger Delta. I see Nigeria rising again. I see our prostrate economy growing again. All we need is genuine sincerity and commitment from all stake holders to move Nigeria forward.

The Power of Wind: Current Legal Issues in Siting for Wind Power

In a time of heightened awareness of global warming and the need for renewable energy, wind energy has taken off as the fastest growing source of electricity in the United States. In 2008, the wind industry added record-breaking wind power capacity by installing over 8,000 megawatts of electricity, accounting for close to 42 percent of new power-producing capacity installed that year. This growth has brought the total U.S. wind energy capacity to over 25,000 megawatts, up from only 6,740 megawatts in 2004, launching the United States ahead of Germany as the world leader in wind electricity generation. American wind farms currently produce enough electricity to power the equivalent of nearly seven million homes. While Texas leads the nation with the most new wind power, wind development is occurring in many regions throughout the country, with wind projects currently in 35 states.

Powering the Future: How Hamilton Health Sciences Put Cogeneration to Work for Healthcare

The absolute necessity of a stable and uninterrupted power supply within hospitals makes many of these facilities uniquely suited to cogeneration plants. Hamilton Health Sciences recently completed the largest hospital cogeneration project ever undertaken in the country. Spanning three acute care hospitals and generating a combined total of 22.75 megawatts of electricity, Hamilton Health Sciences' cogeneration plants address energy supply issues by offering a clean and reliable power source completely within the hospital's control, and provide the organization with the potential to generate its own revenue into the future by selling excess electricity back to the province. The following article highlights Hamilton Health Sciences' approach to the project, including some important lessons learned, and may serve as an example for other publicly funded institutions interested in implementing similar projects.

Future World Energy Demand and Supply: China and India and the Potential Role of Fusion Energy

Massive increases in energy demand are projected for countries such as China and India over this century e.g., many 100s of megawatts of electricity (MWe) of additional electrical capacity by 2050, with more additions later, are being considered for each of them. All energy sources will be required to meet such a demand. Fortunately, while world energy demand will be increasing, the world is well endowed with a variety of energy resources. However, their distribution does not match the areas of demand and there are many environmental issues.Such geopolitical issues affect China and India and make it important for them to be able to deploy improved technologies. In this regard, South Korea is an interesting example of a country that has developed the capability to do advanced technologies – such as nuclear power plants. International collaborations in developing these technologies, such as the International Thermonuclear Reactor (ITER), may be important in all energy areas. Fusion energy is viewed as an interesting potential option in these three countries.