Medroxyprogesterone Research Articles

Distinct Solubilization Mechanisms of Medroxyprogesterone in Gemini Surfactant Micelles: A Comparative Study with Progesterone

The solubilization behavior of medroxyprogesterone (MP) within gemini surfactant micelles (14-6-14,2Br−) was investigated and compared with that of progesterone to uncover distinct solubilization mechanisms. We employed 1H-NMR and 2D ROESY spectroscopy to elucidate the spatial positioning of MP within the micelle, revealing that MP integrates more deeply into the micellar core. This behavior is linked to the unique structural features of MP, particularly its 17β-acetyl group, which promotes enhanced interactions with the hydrophobic regions of the micelle, while the 6α-methyl group interacts with the hydrophilic regions of the micelle. The 2D ROESY correlations specifically highlighted interactions between the hydrophobic chains of the surfactant and two protons of MP, H22 and H19. Complementary machine learning and electron density analyses supported these spectroscopic findings, underscoring the pivotal role of the molecular characteristics of MP in its solubilization behavior. These insights into the solubilization dynamics of MP not only advance our understanding of hydrophobic compound incorporation in gemini surfactant micelles but also indicate the potential of 14-6-14,2Br− micelles for diverse drug delivery applications.

The Relationship Between the Use of Injectable Contraceptives and Changes in Body Weight

Background: Injectable contraception is a contraceptive method made into a liquid and injected into the body. Some contain estrogen and progesterone once a month, but some only contain progesterone every three months. The most frequent side effect of contraception is weight gain. Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) stimulates the appetite control center in the hypothalamus, which causes acceptors to overeat. Excessive weight gain causes a number of diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease.Objective. Purpose : this study aims to analyze the relationship between the provision of injectable contraception and weight changes in PMB "X" Cilincing District, North Jakarta. Method : this type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The population is all KB acceptors at PMB NY "X" Cilincing District, North Jakarta, in 2022, totaling 110 respondents, and the sample is total sampling. Data processing with SPSS using the chi-square test. Results : The highest age is 20-35 years old, 78 (70.9%) people; most respondents have a college education, 49 (44.5%) people; more than half of respondents are homemakers, 61 (55.5%) people; the highest parity is one person, 63 (57.3%) people, and the longest time as a KB acceptor, the most respondents are more than one year, 65 (59.1%) people. In this study, it was also reported that respondents who experienced weight gain were 89 (90.9%) people, and 87 (79.1%) used a 3-month injection KB. The results of the statistical test obtained a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which indicates a relationship between injection contraception and weight changes. Conclusion : There is a relationship between injection contraception and weight changes with a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05).

O-299 Exposure of antral follicles to progestins during stimulation does not cause molecular perturbations in gonadotropin-responsiveness and steroidogenic function of granulosa cells in progestin-primed IVF cycles

Abstract Study question Does progestin exposure cause any molecular perturbations in the steroidogenic features and gonadotropin responsiveness of the granulosa cells in progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) cycles? Summary answer No. PPOS cycles are identical to antagonist cycles for gonadotropin receptor expression, response to gonadotropins, steroidogenic function at molecular level in normal responding IVF patients. What is known already PPOS is commonly used in IVF cycles as an alternative to antagonist cycles. Although accumulating evidence from clinical studies did not indicate any particular differences between these two types of stimulation protocol for IVF cycle characteristics, it is still unknown if exposure of antral follicle cohorts to synthetic progesterone derivatives during ovarian stimulation causes any subtle molecular aberrations in PPOS cycles in terms of steroidogenesis and gonadotropin responsiveness. To address this issue, detailed molecular analyses were conducted in the luteinized mural granulosa cells (GCs) obtained from the normal responding patients undergoing PPOS vs. antagonist IVF cycles. Study design, size, duration A translational research study in IVF patients. Participants/materials, setting, methods 55 normal responding IVF patients underwent ovarian stimulation either with PPOS using medroxy progesterone acetate (5mg twice daily) or, with GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate were included in the study. Recombinant forms of FSH and hCG were used for ovarian stimulation and ovulation trigger, respectively. Luteinized mural granulosa cells obtained during oocyte retrieval procedure were used for the experiments. Cell culture, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting, confocal time-lapse live cell imaging and hormone assays were used. Main results and the role of chance Demographic and IVF characteristics of the patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with PPOS vs. GnRH antagonist were similar including ovarian-response, mature oocyte yield and fertilization rates. Molecular analyses revealed that the expression of the enzymes involved in sex-steroid synthesis (StAR, aromatase, 3B-HSD, 17B-HSD) and uptake/storage/utilization of cholesterol (LDL receptor, Hormone-sensitive lipase, hydroxy-methyl glutaryl Co-enzyme-A reductase and Sterol O-acyltransferase1) in the GCs of the PPOS cycles were comparable to the antagonist IVF cycles. Both cycles were also similar for the expression of FSH and LH receptors at transcriptional and translational level. Basal and hCG-induced increases in 3B-HSD expression and P4 production, and basal and FSH-induced increases in aromatase expression and E2 output of the GCs of the PPOS patients did not show any meaningful differences from the antagonist cycles. Similarly, basal and hCG-induced up-regulation in the LDL receptor expression and cholesterol uptake rate did not differ between the groups. Confocal imaging also revealed similar patterns of expression for the steroidogenic enzymes and their co-localization with mitochondria. Lastly, the expression of the other genes regulating cumulus expansion, ovulation and luteal function (Relaxin, ADAMTS-1 and EGF-like growth factor amphiregulin (AREG)) in the GCs of the PPOS cycles were comparable to the antagonist cycles. Limitations, reasons for caution Caution should be exercised when interpreting our data, which was produced in normal responders. It is unclear if the molecular parameters assessed here vary according to infertility etiologies, ovarian response type, mode of trigger and any other underlying ovarian pathology or systemic diseases that are concomitantly present. Wider implications of the findings This study provides reassuring molecular evidence that exposure of antral cohorts to progestins follicular growth phase does not appear to have any detrimental effect on their steroidogenic, ovulatory and luteal functions, suggesting that PPOS IVF cycles are not different from traditional antagonist cycles. Trial registration number not applicable

Relationship between the duration of injectable contraceptive Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetat (DMPA) With the Occurrence of Amenorrhea in Family Planning Acceptors at the Pratama Delima Rahayu Clinic, Sragen

Amenorrhea is a condition where a person does not experience menstruation for 3 to 6 months in a row. This research aims to analyze the relationship between length of use of injectable contraceptives Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetat (DMPA) with the occurrence of amenorrhea in family planning acceptors at the Pratama Delima Rahayu Clinic, Sragen Indonesia. This type of analytical survey research uses a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique for this research is to use a total sampling technique, namely the entire population. The results of the research show that the length of use of the Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) contraceptive injection has a significant relationship with the occurrence of amenorrhea in contraceptive acceptors at the Pratama Delima Rahayu Sragen Clinic with a probability value of 0.001 < 0.05. The conclusion from this research is that the longer you use DMPA injection contraceptives, the longer you will experience menstrual disorders, one of which is amenorrhea.

Post abortion contraception: A follow up study in women undergoing first and second trimester abortion at a tertiary care centre

: Worldwide 75 million women need post abortion care (PAC) services each year following safe or unsafe induced abortions and miscarriages. Majority of them do not wish to conceive in near future and are receptive towards using contraception. Contraceptive counselling and basket of choices should be made available to all women undergoing abortion and her right to decline or postpone this care should be respected while recognizing that each woman has a unique unmet need of contraception.: To compare the acceptance and continuation of various contraceptive choices offered after first and second trimester abortion. : A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in which women who underwent first and second trimester abortion over a period of one year were interviewed regarding their acceptance and continuation of the contraceptive method till six months post abortion.: A total of 378 women underwent first and second trimester abortions over one year, of which 61.3% had resulted from failure of contraception. Women were grouped into Group A for those undergoing first trimester and Group B for women undergoing second trimester abortion for study purpose. Average age of women in group A was 28.9 years and in group B was 26.5 years. Mean period of gestation of pregnancy in group A was 7.5weeks and in group B was 19.5 weeks. In group A 96% parous women had conceived as a result of failure of contraception of which 90% were using natural method (Coitus Interruptus). Group B majority (76.3%) women were nulliparous and early parous (P1, P2) and indication for termination of pregnancy in them were gross congenital anamolies (GCA) in fetus while in rest of multiparous were due to failure of contraception. With group A 53.1% nulliparous women did not opt for any contraception whereas 48.6% primiparous and second parous opted for long acting reversible contraception(LARC) –Intrauterine contraceptive device(IUCD) in contrast to 66% multiparous opting for permanent sterilization at the time of abortion. In group B 45.3% nulliparous and early parous opted for depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) and 64.2% multigravidas underwent permanent sterilization. : Post abortion care must include counselling and choice of contraceptive basket. Women with future reproductive plans preferred LARC after first trimester abortion whereas DMPA was most acceptable method of contraception after second trimester abortion. Women were most satisfied with LARC and permanent methods compared to methods that required daily intake of pills. There is need of effective contraceptive choices according to the reproductive plans of the women to reduce the burden, morbidity and mortality associated with abortions.

Preparation of a sustainable magnetic sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of progestogens in natural water samples

A film composed of agarose and graphene (G) and magnetic nanoparticles (G-MNPs) is proposed as a sorbent for the extraction and determination of medroxyprogesterone (MED), levonorgestrel (LEV), norethisterone (NOR) and progesterone (PRO) in natural water samples. Both the preparation of the film and the extraction procedure were optimized. The optimal extraction parameters were as follows: isopropyl alcohol as activation solvent, sample pH value of 3.0, extraction time of 30 min, 1.00 mL of acetonitrile as eluent, elution time of 5 min and sample volume of 100.00 mL. HPLC with photodiode array detector was used for the separation and determination. The method presented a linear range between 2.50 and 75.0 μg L−1 for all analytes, and the LODs were between 1.40 and 1.80 μg L−1. The method was applied to natural water samples, obtaining satisfactory recovery values (75–111 %). In conclusion, for the immobilization of the G-MNPs, agarose was used, which is a non-toxic, renewable and biodegradable material. The G-MNPs-agarose film was reused up to 70 times, without losing its extraction capacity significantly and presenting excellent sorbent properties, which allow the extraction and preconcentration of the progestogens under study.

Factors Related to Weight Gain in DMPA (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) Acceptors

Factors Related to Weight Gain in DMPA (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) Acceptors

Experiences of "Antara": The Injectable Contraceptive in Rural Indian Women Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India.

Depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) is an injectable contraceptive with well-proven effectiveness and excellent safety profile. It is marketed as Antara in India as a part of the government's family planning programme. This study aimed to assess the experiences of women using Antara (DMPA) at a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the family planning unit of the study institution from April 2021 to October 2022 among 200 women of reproductive age. Each of the mothers was administered a researcher-administered questionnaire containing questions pertaining to their sociodemographic characteristics and Antara use experience. The mean age of the study participants was 26.4 ± 5.9years. Most of the participants were Hindus (55.0%), homemakers by their occupation (86.0%), and from lower socio-economic status. A significant proportion of the women had no formal education (14.0%) or had below primary education (14.5%). The most common reason provided by the participants for the discontinuation of Antara was the incidence of various side effects such as irregular menstruation, amenorrhea and apprehension. Lower educational status (p value < 0.001), poorer socio-economic status (p value < 0.001), and interval period starting of Antara (p value < 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with the discontinuation of the contraceptive. Most women who started taking DMPA (Antara) discontinued due to the fear of side effects. Therefore, the focus should be to educate women regarding the benefits and side effects of DMPA through proper counselling.

Evaluation of The Effect of Metformin and Progesterone on The Endometrium in Cases of Peri Menopausal Bleeding

Background: Numerous epidemiologic and experimental studies have suggested that unopposed estrogen may be a major factor in the development of benign, premalignant, and malignant endometrial lesions. Objective: To assess the unique effects of progesterone and metformin on simple endometrial hyperplasia and disorganized proliferative endometrium, and to ascertain if metformin is clinically helpful in this situation. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted between April 2023 and September 2023 at the obstetrics and gynecology department of Damanhur Medical National Institute. The study was a double blinded randomized study. 100 patients were involved in this study who were divided into 2 groups: The 1st one (50 cases) was treated with metformin (Glucophage) 500 mg in the first week then raise the dose to reach 1000 mg in the 4th week, for three months long. The 2nd group (50 cases) was administered medroxy progesterone acetate (Provera) 4mg once per day for 3 months long. Next 3 months all cases in both groups were gone for 2nd time endometrial biopsy for assessment of response of treatment and will have ultrasound examination every three months also. Result: Uterine hemorrhage after treatment and endometrial thickness after treatment did not statistically differ between the two study groups. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in patient satisfaction or hysterectomy between the two study groups. There was no discernible difference in the two groups' treatment lengths. While there was a high statistical rise in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in group 2 compared to group 1, there was a strong statistical increase in the incidence of sore breasts, weakness, and metallic taste in group 1 compared to group 2. Conclusion: Progesterone and metformin may both be useful in treating benign endometrial proliferative lesions. To prevent its problems, endometrial proliferative lesions should be identified and treated properly.

Estrous Responses of Kejobong Goat Synchronized using Progesterone Hormone

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age based on estrous responses. Material used in this study were 36 heads of Kejobong doe, with average body weight 32.21±1.41 kg; average Body Condition Score (BCS) 2.5; black fur color; had given birth, with age ranged 1-1.5 years old (P1, n = 7); 1.5-2 years old (P2, n = 15) and 2.5-3 years old (P3, n = 14). The sample was then put on a vaginal sponge containing 20 mg of Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (MPA) in the reproductive tract for 14 days. Parameter observed were estrous onset; estrous behavior including restlessness, aggressiveness, frequent wagging tail and climbing the feeder tray or other livestock and vulva condition including vulva temperature, swelling vulva and vulva color. Result showed there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between P1, P 2 and P3 on estrous onset, estrous behavior and vulva condition. In conclusion, the estrous response of Kejobong goat which is synchronized to estrous with the hormone progesterone is not affected by the age and have the same estrous response after reaching maturity.

Hubungan Pemakaian KB Suntik 3 Bulan Dengan Kejadian Spotting Pada Akseptor KB Di Puskesmas Manunggal Jaya Kabupaten Nabire

Contraception is preventing the fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell (conception) or preventing the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall. There are various methods of using contraception, one of which is using hormonal contraceptive methods, namely injection/injection contraception. Injection contraception is an injectable contraceptive. which is injected into the body over a certain period of time, then enters the blood vessels, and is absorbed little by little by the body to prevent pregnancy. The injectable contraceptives used are norethisterone enanthate, depo medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA), and cyclofem. One of the modern contraceptives used DMPA is often used containing depo medroxy progesterone acetate as much as 150 mg with an efficacy of up to 3 months. This drug was tried in 1958 to treat habitual abortion and endometriosis, and it turns out that in the treatment of habitual abortion, infertility often occurs after the pregnancy ends. Depo-Provera as a contraceptive drug turns out to be quite effective and safe in family planning services. The assumption that Depo-Provera can cause cancer of the cervix or breasts in women who use it has not been clearly proven. Planned contraception is an attempt to space or plan the number and distance pregnancy by using contraception (BKKBN.2012).

Hubungan Lama Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Suntik 3 Bulan Dengan Gangguan Menstruasi Di PMB Luh Ayu Koriawati Tahun 2022

Background. The increase in the growth rate of the population pushed the government to introduce a family planning program (KB) to control pregnancy using contraceptives. The 3-month injectable contraception is often used at PPM Luh Ayu Koriawati, especially the 3-month injectable contraceptive containing Depo-Provera (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate). This contraceptive has good effectiveness but has several side effects, such as menstrual disorders, weight gain, nausea, headache, breast tenderness, and others. Menstrual disorders that occur include amenorrhea, spotting, hypomenorrhea, and hypermenorrhea. Side effects that arise are the biggest reason the client stops using injectable contraception. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the administration of 3-month injectable contraception with menstruation disorders in the PPM Luh Ayu Koriawati in 2022.&#x0D; Method. This study employed an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach. This study tried to explore how and why this phenomenon occurs. The data collection method used a questionnaire. The population in this study were all the 3-month injectable KB program clients injected at PPM Luh Ayu Koriawati in 2022, with 70 respondents. The collected data will be analyzed through computerization.&#x0D; Results. The findings of Chi-Square showed p = 0.003 &lt;0.005. Therefore, there was a correlation between the use of the 3-month injection contraceptive and menstrual disorders experienced by clients. Hence, in this case, Ha was accepted, and Ho was rejected; thus, the research hypothesis was tested for validity.&#x0D; Conclusion. There is a correlation between the administration of 3-month injectable contraception with menstruation disorders experienced by clients in the PPM Luh Ayu Koriawati in 2022. It is suggested that health workers provide and improve the services to 3-month injectable KB program clients, especially fertile women. Moreover, they can also provide Education Information Communication (IEC) to injectable KB program clients.

Side Effects of Using Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate Contraceptive Contraceptives in Midwife Practices

Injectable contraception is the most choice used by women of childbearing age as a delay in pregnancy or termination of pregnancy. Many acceptors do not know optimally about the side effects that are often felt by mothers who use contraception. The purpose of this study was to identify the side effects felt by mothers using 3-month injectable contraception. This research method is descriptive quantitative with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling with a total sample of 67 respondents. The results of the study reported that the side effects experienced were that the mother felt that she had difficulty having menstruation (87.9%), then the mother did not experience menstruation while using DMPA (84.8%), the mother felt there was an increase in fat (40.9%), an increase in body weight (40.9%). Furthermore, none of the acceptors felt a decrease in activity, acne, vaginal discharge, hair loss and menstruation that was faster than usual.

The relationship of use of injection contraception with age menopause in the sub-district of Gung Negeri Kabanjahe

The incidence of menopause in women aged 40-58 years which can occur early or late. One of the factors that influence menopausal women's entry into hormonal contraception. The aim is to determine the relationship between the use of injectable birth control and the age of menopause in the Gung Negeri Kabanjahe sub-district. This study was a cross-sectional design with an analytic survey approach. The research has conducted a total of 105 respondents using the chi square statistical test. The results of the study were 42 respondents (66.7%) who used injectable contraceptives &lt; 3 years experienced menopause at the age of &lt; 49 years, while 21 respondents (33.3%) experienced menopause at the age of ≥ 49 years. While the use of injection contraception ≥ 3 years experienced menopause at the age of &lt;49 years by 18 respondents (42.9%), menopausal age ≥ 49 years by 24 respondents (57.1%). The results of statistical data using the chi-square test found that p value = 0.016 &lt;0.05 indicating that there was a relationship between the use of DMPA injection contraception (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) and the incidence of menopause in the Gung Negeri Kabanjahe sub-district. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the use of DMPA injection contraception (Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) and the incidence menopause in the Gung Negeri Kabanjahe sub-district which has a significant level of closeness.

Successful in vitro fertilization following conservative surgery for synchronous endometrioid tumor of ovary and uterus

BackgroundSuccessful pregnancy outcome in women with synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers is very rare. We report successful pregnancy outcome in a young woman managed conservatively for synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer.Case presentationThirty years old nulliparous lady presented following exploratory laparotomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy and hysteroscopic polypectomy for left adnexal mass. Histology revealed endometrioid carcinoma of left ovary and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in the resected polyp. She underwent staging laparotomy along with hysteroscopy which confirmed above findings without any evidence of further tumor spread. She was treated conservatively with high dose oral progestin (megestrol acetate, 160 mg) and leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg monthly injections for three months along with four cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel based chemotherapy followed by monthly injection of leuprolide for further three months. After failure of spontaneous conception, she underwent ovulation induction for six cycles along with intrauterine insemination which failed. She underwent in vitro fertilization with donor egg followed by elective cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation. She delivered a healthy baby of weight 2.7 kg. Intraoperatively 5 × 6 cm right ovarian cyst was found which drained chocolate coloured fluid on puncture and cystectomy was carried out. Histological examination revealed endometrioid cyst of right ovary. Uterus was spared as she wanted to preserve her fertility. She is being followed periodically and is normal nine months following delivery. She is on injection Depot medroxy progesterone acetate once every three months.

PMON227 Rare ovarian luteinized fibrothecoma as cause of severe hyperandrogenism in a pre-menopausal woman.

Abstract Ovarian fibromas and fibrothecomas constitute up to 4.7% of ovarian sex cord stromal tumors (OSCSTs). Luteinized fibrothecomas (LFs) are a histological subvariant of OSCSTs. Typically benign and rare, LFs are mostly diagnosed in post-menopausal women with only 30% in women &amp;lt;30. Only 11% of LFs present with androgen excess (AE). We describe a case of severe hyperandrogenism from an ovarian LF in a young woman with primary amenorrhea and infertility.A 23-year-old woman presented for evaluation of hyperandrogenism. Iatrogenic menarche occurred at age 22, induced by letrozole and medroxyprogesterone (MP). BP was 133/86 mm Hg and BMI was 52 kg/m2. Exam revealed diffuse obesity, severe hirsutism (Ferriman Gallwey score 29), and severe acanthosis nigricans, but no scalp alopecia, deep voice, violaceous striae or bruising. Total testosterone (TT) was 108 ng/dl (2-45), free testosterone (FT) 24.7 pg/ml (0.1-6.4 dialysis), prolactin 13.2 ng/ml (&amp;lt;30), DHEAS 2308 ng/ml (240-4330), and TSH 1.29 µIU/mL (0.45-5.33). FSH, LH and estradiol could not be interpreted due to unclear timing in cycle. 17-hydroxyprogesterone after MP challenge was 73 ng/dl (&amp;lt;200). Pelvic ultrasound (US) gave normal endometrial stripe of 3.82 mm. Pelvic US and MRI showed polycystic ovarian morphology without masses. CT abdomen showed normal adrenal glands. Ovarian and adrenal vein sampling (OAVS) lateralized AE to the left ovary (LO). LO TT was 5743 ng/dl with associated IVC sample of 139 ng/dl, ratio of 41, and right ovarian TT was 381 ng/dl with associated IVC sample of 32 ng/dl, ratio of 1.18. Just prior to left oophorectomy, preoperative TT was 103 ng/dl, FT 27.8 pg/ml (0.1-6.4 dialysis), and androstenedione (A4) 212 ng/dl (mid-follicular 51-213). Two days post-operatively, TT dropped to 55 ng/dl, FT 11 pg/ml (0.2-5), and A4 105 ng/dl. Pathology revealed a 3.8 cm LF. Six weeks post-operatively, TT and FT normalized to 18 and 3.6 (0.2-5), respectively.Features atypical for PCOS, including presentation outside age 15-25, rapid progression, TT &amp;gt;2× upper limit of normal (ULN), and free androgen index &amp;gt;4× ULN should prompt thorough evaluation. Adherence to guidelines for TT threshold &amp;gt;150 in a pre-menopausal woman and focus on PCO morphology would have provided false reassurance. Maintaining a high degree of suspicion for an androgen-secreting tumor (AST) is paramount when clinical presentation is atypical. OAVS is usually performed when imaging fails to reveal an abnormality, as small ovarian tumors cannot be excluded. Our patient presented with symptoms atypical for PCOS including severe hirsutism and TT &amp;gt;2× ULN, raising concern for an AST. OAVS lateralized AE to her LO. Resection resulted in testosterone normalization and finding of a rare LF. Identifying the source of AE is especially important in women of reproductive age to restore normal reproductive function. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Status Gizi, Jenis dan Lama Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Pil, Suntik 1 Bulan dan Suntik DMPA dengan Gangguan Menstruasi

This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, type and duration of contraceptive pills, 1-month injection and Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) injection with menstrual disorders in women of childbearing age in Kupang City. The method used is a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with stratified random sampling. The results showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status and menstrual disorders with a value of (P = 0.000), type of contraception and menstrual disorders (P = 0.000), duration of contraceptive use and menstrual disorders (P = 0.001). In conclusion, there is a relationship between nutritional status, type, and duration of use of contraceptive pills, 1-month injections and DMPA injections with menstrual disorders.&#x0D; Keywords: Menstrual Disorders, Types of Contraception, Duration of Use, Nutritional Status

Availability and stock-out duration of essential medicines in Shegaw Motta general hospital and Motta Health Centre, North West Ethiopia.

Essential medicines are those that meet the population’s most pressing healthcare needs. As a result, they should always be available in sufficient quantities and the proper dosage forms within health facilities. The study aimed to determine the availability and stock-out duration of essential medicines in Shegaw Motta General Hospital and Motta Health Centre. Descriptive study was conducted at Shegaw Motta General Hospital and Motta Health Centre. The data were collected from June-20 to July-20, 2021 G.C. Fifteen essential medicines from both health facilities’ tracer drug lists were reviewed. The frequency and percentage of availability and stick-out duration were calculated, and the results were briefly described in the text and displayed in tables. The average availability of essential medicines on the day of the survey was 80% and 93.3% in Shegaw Motta general hospital and Motta health center, respectively. Besides, 60% and 20% of the essential medicines were stocked out at least once in the last six months (before the data collection period) in the hospital and health center, respectively. The average stock-out duration in the last six months period (before the data collection period) was 38.8 days (ranges from 10 days to 157 days) in the hospital and 11.2 days in the health center. Ferrous salt + folic acid 150mg + 0.5mg and Medroxy Progesterone injection were the medicines with the longest stock-out duration in Shegaw Motta general hospital and Motta health center, respectively.The average availability of essential medicines was fairly high both in the hospital and health center. In comparison to the hospital, the health center had better availability and a shorter stock-out duration. Over the last six months, a significant percentage of essential medicines were stocked out at the hospital.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Akseptor KB Suntik 3 Bulan tentang Efek Samping KB Suntik 3 Bulan

Background: One contraceptive method used to regulate the birth of a child is a 3-month injection of KB or Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA). Controversy about the side effects of 3-month injectable contraceptives, such as menstrual cycle disorders, vaginal discharge, and weight gain, has become a problem in the community, so mothers are reluctant to use this contraceptive method. Mothers' ignorance about the side effects of 3 months causes fear of mothers using 3-month injectable contraception. Research objectives: To determine the level of knowledge of 3-month injectable family planning acceptors about the side effects of 3-month injection family planning. Methods: The research design used descriptive research using the literature study or literature review method. To search for literature using PICOS, the population inclusion criteria are 3-month Injectable Family Planning Acceptors, descriptive study design, articles published from 2018 to 2021, and articles in Indonesian. Results: From the results of the literature review in the first article, the majority of respondents' knowledge was in the poor category 21 (58.3%); in the second article, the majority of respondents who had good knowledge, 36 (54.5%) and the third article the majority of respondents who had less knowledge 36 (50,7%). Conclusion: Most of the respondents' knowledge level is lacking. This is because a person's knowledge can be influenced by age, education, occupation, and sources of information. To increase the knowledge of family planning acceptors in conveying information to the community, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the community. When conveying information, they can use assistive media easily understood by the community.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION ON SERUM E2, P4, FSH AND LH DURING DIFFERENT ESTRUS PERIODS AND PREGNANCY IN EWES

This research was designed to know the effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on Serum E, P, FSH, and LH during different estrus periods and pregnancy in Karadi and Arabi ewes. The study was carried out by using 30 ewes for each breed at 2-4 years. Ewes from each breed were equally and randomly distributed into three groups. The first group was treated with vaginal sponges saturated with (60 mg) of Medroxy progesterone acetate within a period of (14) fourteen days (T1). The second group was administrated with the MAP injected with a dose of 300 IU / head of the hCG (T2). The third group was treated with MAP treatment, and injected at a dose of 75 µg /head of GnRH (T3). The results of this analysis showed a significant increase in the estrogen concentration in the different reproductive stages; the significant level of estrogen in the estrus phase (60.96) pg/ml. The concentration of progesterone differed significantly in the different reproductive stages, with the highest concentration in the pregnancy period (16.33) pg/ml. In comparison, the FSH concentration differed significantly in the different reproductive stages with the highest concentration in the estrus period(3.243) mIU/ml. the highest significant level of serum LH is in the estrus period (5.230) mIU/ml. Thus, the study is concluded that hormones and phases may be effective in inducing follicular growth and ovulation and finally may increase pregnancy rate and production .