Medium Tall Research Articles

Phenotypic diversity of garden peas for ecological agricultural production

The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic diversity in 57 pea accessions determined by conventional CPVO descriptors. The study was conducted in the period 2019-2020 under irrigation conditions in the experimental field of the Maritsa Vegetable Crop Research Institute (MVCRI), Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Based on the analysis, the studied materials of peas do not have anthocyanin coloration; the majority of plants are medium tall with an average number of nodes up to and including the first fertile node; with green colour foliage; common leaf type; flecking stipules; white flowers and two pods per node. The pods are green, short and medium long with a medium width and the presence of a parchment; blunt shape of distal part (blunt ending); an average number of ovules from which develop an average of five light to dark green grains. Five groups of peas were differentiated according to the time of flowering according to CPVO-TQ / 007/2. The hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to identify the similarity and proximity of the garden pea accessions, and are grouped into two main clusters - A and B. The cluster B was the smallest and only genotype FR Ofe was involved in it with the highest values of the pod length and grains number per pod. Group "A" was divided into two subgroups: "A2" with genotype IZK-12, which differs in productivity expressed by the number and weight of pods and the weight of grains from a plant and subcluster "A1" with all other plant genotypes.

Registration of ‘SB255’ winter barley

Abstract‘SB255’ (Reg. no. CV‐373, PI 693987) is a six‐rowed hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with winter growth habit. The cultivar was released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in May 2019. SB255 is widely adapted, high yielding, high grain volume weight, and medium tall. It has good winterhardiness and good straw strength. The spikes of SB255 are strap and slightly waxy with no overlapping lateral kernels and with long awns. Prior to being named, SB255 was tested under the experimental designation VA11B‐141 (LA). It was derived from the cross Spont03‐44/VA01B‐44 and developed using a modified‐bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2013 to 2019 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. SB255's average grain yield (5,214 kg ha–1) was similar to the check cultivars ‘Secretariat’ and ‘Thoroughbred’ but significantly (P ≤ .05) higher than ‘Atlantic’, ‘Price’, ‘Callao’, ‘Nomini’, and ‘Wysor’. Average grain volume weight of SB255 (60.8 kg hL–1) was similar to Secretariat and Price but exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) those of Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Callao, Nomini, and Wysor. Head emergence of SB255 was similar to Thoroughbred and 2–5 d later than winter feed barley cultivars Secretariat, Atlantic, Price, Callao, and Nomini. SB255 was developed primarily as a feed barley cultivar. It provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high‐grain‐yielding cultivar having good to moderate resistance to all diseases prevalent in the eastern United States, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), and also lower deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in the grain.

Registration of ‘KS Venada’ hard white winter wheat

Abstract‘KS Venada’ (Reg. no. CV‐1159, PI 690467) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018. KS Venada was selected from a single cross HV9W05‐415W/Fred‐2‐18‐2 made in 2007 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar with adaptation to dryland production in Kansas. KS Venada was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. KS Venada is an F5‐derived line with experimental number KS13HW92‐3, and it was tested in the Kansas Intra‐state Nursery for 4 yr. KS Venada is medium late and medium tall, with high grain volume weight. KS Venada was released because of its competitive grain yield in central and western Kansas, good end‐use quality and disease resistance, and improved preharvest sprouting tolerance and straw strength.

Jake hard red spring wheat

Jake hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed using a modified bulk breeding method at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Jake is an awned, hollow-stemmed line with high yield potential, medium tall plants, and medium maturity. During the three years (2015–2017) of evaluation in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative test, Jake yielded 6% higher than the mean of all of the checks, and matured 0.7 and 1.7 d later than Parata and Splendor but 2.9 d earlier than Glenn. Jake was 91.2 cm tall, shorter than AC Splendor (95.8 cm), but similar in height to Glenn (91.8 cm) and Parata (92 cm). The lodging score of Jake (2.2) was lower than Parata (3.1) and AC Splendor (3.1), but similar to Glenn. The test weight of Jake (80.8) was higher than AC Splendor (78.3), similar to Parata (80.5), but lower than Glenn (82.5). The grain weight of Jake (35.6 g) was similar to Parata (35.6 g), but lower than Glenn (36.7 g) and AC Splendor (37.4 g), while the NIR Protein of Jake (15.9%) was higher than Glenn (15.5%) and similar to the other checks. Jake was moderately resistant to resistant to leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, and moderately resistant to common bunt during the 3 yr of testing. The reaction of Jake to Fusarium head blight was variable and ranged from moderately susceptible to moderately resistant, with DON values similar to Carberry and Glenn. Three years of end-use quality evaluation has indicated that Jake is acceptable for the CWRS class.

Growth response of rotifers on a bacterial-based diet made from fishwastes

Fishwastes are potential low-cost diet sources for replacing microalgae, which is the popular diet for rotifers. Growth responses of rotifer were tested under different weights of the diet (i.e. 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/L), different culture containers (i.e. using small tall (ST), small-short (SS), medium-tall (MT) and large-short (LS) containers), different initial densities of the rotifer (i.e. 10, 50 and 200 rotifers/mL) and mass cultured trials for 15 and 30 days. Population densities of rotifers increased significantly (ANOVA, p=0.001) when providing 0.1 to 0.4 gr/L than those fed 0.05 gr/L of the diet (Tukey HSD test, p<0.05). The densities also were significantly higher (ANOVA, p=0.001) when cultured using larger containers (LS and MT) than using smaller containers (ST, SS) (Tukey HSD test, p<0.05), but it was not significant when inoculated at different initial densities (ANOVA, p>0.05). The rotifers were successfully mass cultured for 30 days and were successfully harvested for 7 times at densities of about 2500 to 3300 ind./mL.

Selection of drought tolerant rice varieties for the western mid hills of Nepal

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important staple food crop in Nepal, but current yields are low and total production varies, mostly due to drought. To evaluate high yielding and drought tolerant rice genotypes in typical rainfed lowland conditions, a participatory varietal selection trials was conducted with farmers in farmer’s field at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the wet season 2009 and 2010. Trials were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Results obtained from two years’ experiment indicated that the genotypes IR-74371-54-1 and IR74371-70-1 matured at the same duration as the local check Radha-4 (120-123 days growth duration). Both genotypes had a high average chlorophyll content (SPAD reading of 15.9-16.1), were medium tall (110-112 cm), non-lodging, had a high number of filled grains and little sterility, and a high grain yield (mean yield 5.0 and 4.8 t ha-1, respectively). They also had the highest root length (22.4-26.2 cm) and root weight (9.5-10 g hill-1) which could tolerate more drought than the other genotypes tested. The maximum cost/benefit ratio was found in IR-74371-54-1 (1:1.72) followed by IR-74371-70-1 (1:1.66) and IR-74371-46-1-1 (1:1.65). All three lines were highly preferred by farmers in preference rankings during field visits and were released in Nepal in 2011 as Sookhadhan-2, Sookhadhan-3 and Sookhadhan-1 varieties, respectively. They fit easily into the existing cropping system in rainfed lowlands, are economically viable and safe to cultivate for the farmers in the mid hills of Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 195-206

Registration of ‘Joe’ Hard White Winter Wheat

‘Joe’ (Reg. No. CV‐1119, PI 676270) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center‐Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2015. Joe was selected from a single cross of KS04HW101‐3/KS04HW119‐3 made in 2005 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar with adaptation to dryland production in western Kansas. Joe was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. Joe is an F6–derived line with experimental number KS11HW39‐5‐4, and it was tested in yield trials from 2010 to 2015. Joe is medium late and medium tall with a medium high test weight and medium protein concentration. Its milling and baking quality is acceptable to good. Joe was released because of its high grain yield potential in western Kansas and its good resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Westend.), leaf rust (caused by P. triticina f. sp. tritici Ericks.), and Wheat streak mosaic virus.

Swainson hard red winter wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2013. Swainson hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1257–1259. Swainson is a medium tall, high-yielding, stem and leaf rust resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is registered for production in western Canada. It is a hard red winter wheat cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP) wheat class, which was created in 2008 to encourage the development of cultivars to fill the high energy demands of the biofuel and livestock feed markets in western Canada. Its high yield potential has been particularly evident on dry land in Saskatchewan where its grain yield was 116% of CDC Buteo, the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat Class grain quality check cultivar, and 110% of Accipiter and 117% of CDC Falcon, the high-yielding check cultivars. High grain yield potential of low protein concentration grain and rust resistance make Swainson a good fit for the CWGP class.

Nitrogen fertilization effects on grain quality of durum wheat (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Triticum turgidum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L. var. durum) varieties in central Ethiopia

Four released durum wheat varieties, two medium tall (Arsi-Robe and Kilinto) and two recently released semidwarfs (Ude and Yerer) were evaluated under five different N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg·ha-1) in 2005/06 growing season at Akaki and Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia. The quality responses of durum wheat varieties to different N-fertilizer rates and the N responses between tall and short durum wheat varieties were assessed. Protein and gluten content, vitreous kernel count, thousand kernel weight, test weight and lodging were considered. Vitreous kernel count, protein and gluten content were higher at Debre Zeit than at Akaki. Unlike Debre Zeit, there were significant relationships between response variables and fertilizer levels at Akaki. Lodging slightly affected the medium tall varieties at Debre Zeit whereas it was not a problem at Akaki. At Akaki, varieties response to each additional N rate was entirely below the quality standard set by ICC, 2000 except for thousandkernel weight. Therefore, it is unwise to promote durum wheat scaling up/out program for quality production at Akaki.

TNAU Rice ADT 50 - A New Long Duration Fine Grain Rice Variety for Samba Season of Tamil Nadu

TNAU Rice ADT 50 (AD 02235) variety is a long duration rice which is a derivative of BPT 5204 x CR1009 released during 2012 by TNAU for samba season of Tamil Nadu. This variety was evolved through pedigree breeding. This variety is medium tall (106-121 cm), erect with high tillering plant habit. It matures in 146 days with a duration range of 144-150 days The average grain yield of this variety in 156 locations tested is 5792 kg/ha which was on par with CR 1009 (5784 kg/ha) and 16.9 per cent higher than ADT 44 (4955 kg/ha). The variety is resistant to leaffolder, moderately resistant to stem borer and moderately susceptible to GLH, brown spot, blast and RTD. The rice is white, medium slender with a 1000 grain weight of 15.9 grams. The milling yield and head rice yield is higher than the checks viz., ADT 44 and CR1009. Cooked rice is non sticky with good volume expansion. It is a multipurpose rice suitable for consumption as meals, for making tiffin, sweets and savouries.

A High Yielding Dual Purpose Hybrid Sorghum CO 5 for Tamil Nadu

A dual purpose sorghum hybrid TNSH 482 derived from the cross ICSA 51 x TNS 30, evolved with an objective to develop high yielding dual purpose hybrid with improved grain and stover yield besides resistant to shootfly and grain mould was released as TNAU sorghum hybrid CO 5. It is a medium tall, non-lodging and tan plant type hybrid which matures in 95 - 100 days and remains green even at maturity. The grains are creamy white in colour, borne on medium cylindrical and semi-loose ear heads. It recorded an average grain yield of 2769 Kg/ ha under rainfed which was 13.16 and 17.03 per cent increase over the checks, COH 4 and MSH 51 respectively while its mean grain yield was 4338 Kg/ha under irrigation which was 17.18 and 13.32 per cent increase over the checks, COH 4 and MSH 51 respectively. The mean stover yield was 7563 and 10548 Kg/ha under rainfed and irrigated situations respectively. The hybrid TNSH 482 is resistant to downy mildew and moderately resistant to shoot fly and grain mould disease.

A High Yielding Prosomillet National Variety TNAU 151

A high yielding Prosomillet culture, TNAU 151, was developed at the Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and tested at national level for three years from 2005 to 2008. It is a non-lodging, fertilizer responsive and early maturing culture selected from the segregants of the cross involving TNAU 96 X PV 1673. Its average yield is 1860 kg of grain and 4130 kg of straw per hectare under normal condition. It is a medium tall, profusely tillering, non shattering and non-lodging variety and is highly suitable for dry lands of India. The panicle is large and branched. The grains are bold and golden yellow in colour. Being a short duration culture (72 days), it is the best suited crop for contingency planting. Under All India Coordinated Trials, this culture has registered an average yield of 1860 kg/ha which was 10.36 and 14.44 percent increase over TNAU 149 and DHPM 50-1-1 (qualifying checks) and 35.35 and 35.45 percent increase over national checks GPUP 21 and K 1 respectively. Based on the consistent superiority in yield performance, the prosomillet advanced culture TNAU 151 was released as a national variety in the year 2008.

Peregrine hard red winter wheat

Peregrine is a medium tall, high-yielding, stem and leaf rust resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is registered for production in western Canada. It is a hard red winter wheat cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP) wheat class. The CWGP class was created in 2007 to encourage the development of cultivars to fill the high energy demands of the biofuel and livestock feed markets in western Canada. In Manitoba and Saskatchewan, the grain yield of Peregrine was 117% of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat Class grain quality check cultivar, CDC Osprey, and 106% of the high-yielding check, CDC Falcon. High grain yield potential and a high level of rust resistance mean that Peregrine provides a good fit for the CWGP class.

Studies Concerning the Amelioration Action of the Horses in the Maramures Region

The researches took place on 54 horses belonging to households from 12 villages in Maramures, situated in mountain, hill or plain regi ons. I have tried to come up with a horse type preferred by Maramures countrymen, by taking body measurements of the 54 horses and by taking into consideration the effects and results of the e mpirical and controlled actions of improvement. The preferred horse proved to be medium tall and heavy. I have found horses of important robustness - up to 125.27 as well as of great massiveness - up to 1 37.15. 60.52% of the improved studied horses have a rectangular body, specific to heavy traction hors es. MATERIAL AND METHOD Biological teaching aids on which I have conducted the researches consisted in horses from the 54 individual farms and housekeepings. Other teaching aids used were archive documents, hi story works from Maramures, as well as monographs of the villages. For the measurements I used zoometer, metric tape, meter and a digital camera . As a work method I have chosen: studying the archive documents and other works to find information concerning the past movement of horses (wars, trade, transports, selling); asking people in the field; measuring and monitoring the d imensions of corporal parameters of the three categories of horses; measurement of the foll owing corporal characteristic values: index of lateral corporal format which can be seen from p rofile; index of massiveness; index of robustness and compactness; system of bones index; processing of statistics in view of results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS An important number of studied documents show that different types of horses were brought to Maramures along the years. Some of them got here as war captures while other were brought by means of markets, inter-breeding with local horses. The first organized actions of improvement are mentioned in a document from 1777, when they tried to correct and even replace the horses that were not thoroughb red thus trying to obtain better horses of noble race (1). During the XIX and XX century, in t he plain areas of the region, the Hungarian counts raised thoroughbred horses, like t he American Trotter Half Blood, Nonius, or the Half English Blood. This lead to an improvem ent of the existing horse breeds because no one bought horses from a common breeder, not even the army (2). Between the wars, in 1924, the County Zootechnical Committee bought six Lipitan and Hutul male horses from Bucovina in order to improve the horses in the anci ent part of Maramures where the most primitive horse was raised, the sherder mountain ho rse (3). The Maramures countrymen bought or exchanged horses with the people from Dej,

Prevalence of head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) among primary schools pupils in Nassirya city

This study showed the spreading of head lice in pupils of primary schools of Al-Nassirya city. The results showed that the percentage of males infected with lice was (5.4 %) and (9 %) for females. Also was obtained difference at age groups which we found maximum percentage of infection at age between (8 – 11) year. The highest infection for the hair tall at medium tall for both sex which the ratio (35.2 %) while for both sex with ratio (25 %) for girls. While the highest percentage for straight hair was (14.8 %) for girls

Prevalence of head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) among primary schools pupils in Nassirya city

This study showed the spreading of head lice in pupils of primary schools of Al-Nassirya city. The results showed that the percentage of males infected with lice was (5.4 %) and (9 %) for females. Also was obtained difference at age groups which we found maximum percentage of infection at age between (8 – 11) year. The highest infection for the hair tall at medium tall for both sex which the ratio (35.2 %) while for both sex with ratio (25 %) for girls. While the highest percentage for straight hair was (14.8 %) for girls

Registration of ‘Tyndal’ Triticale

Tyndal is awnletted, medium tall, and has a semi-erect juve- nile plant habit. The leaves are blue green in color, medium in length, wide, slightly waxy, and glaborous. The fl ag leaf is semi- erect, blue green in color, medium in width, and long. The spike is fusiform, slightly nodding, medium density, slightly waxy, and has short apical awnlettes. The glumes are yellow at matu- rity, and are medium width medium long, slightly pubescent, and slightly waxy. The glume has a rounded and medium width shoulder with an acute beak. The kernel is light red in color, medium to large in size, medium wide, medium long, and elliptical in shape. The kernel brush is medium to large in size with medium long hairs. The kernel cheeks are rounded to slightly angular, with a medium wide and shallow to medium deep crease. The kernel germ is round to oval in shape and large in size.

Barley cultivar BRS 224

1 ABSTRACT - BRS 224 barley, bred by Embrapa Trigo, is a two-rowed spring barley released in 2002 for cultivation in Southern Brazil. BRS 224 is an early maturing, medium tall and high yielding cultivar, resistant to diseases (net blotch, powdery mildew, leaf rust), lodging-resistant, and broadly adapted to the crop production regions of Southern Brazil.

A December Morning

ome helped angels, unaware. I met a bum this morning. That's not unusual where I work. Winos in the neighborhood show up in the old building sometimes. Nothing unique about this one. Neither face nor features you would remember. A medium tall man with a dirty blonde stubble beard and a sad face. The kind of face that had seen too much, a face much older than it ought to be. He was dressed like any other working man, just a little worn, a little tired, a little used up. Nothing remarkable about his story either. Just another sad story told without much enthusiasm or hope. He wanted three dollars he said. He knew from the first look he wouldn't get anything. He'd seen that look in people's eyes down here before. It's a hard neighborhood. But he told it anyway. I listened. That's how you play it. A typical sad story. His brother was in the hospital in Ocala, Florida, he said. He just needed three dollars he said to have enough for the bus ticket. He just needed a little help he said. He was down on his luck he said. He hadn't had anything to eat since Tuesday he said. Couldn't I help him out he said. When I looked at him or frowned or

Influence of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars on Weed Control in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Winter wheat cultivars that are competitive with weeds help control weeds in crop rotations. Ten winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for interference with summer annual grasses in the wheat and the subsequent grain sorghum crop in a winter wheat-ecofallow sorghum-fallow rotation in which there are two 10–mo fallow periods and two crops in 3 yr during 1983 to 1987. The medium–tall (100 to 109 cm tall) and medium–statured (90 to 99 cm tall) winter wheat cultivars (‘Buckskin’, ‘Siouxland’, ‘Lancota’, ‘Centurk 78’, and ‘Brule’) were more competitive than medium-short (80 to 89 cm tall) and short (68 to 79 cm tall) cultivars (‘Eagle’, ‘Homestead’, ‘Colt’, ‘Vona’, and ‘TAM 101’). Atrazine plus paraquat was applied to all cultivars 30 d after wheat harvest. When grain sorghum was planted in areas previously seeded with medium–tall and medium-statured winter wheat, summer annual grass weed biomass in sorghum was 61% less than in grain sorghum seeded into areas previously planted with medium-short and short wheat cultivars. Use of pendimethalin plus 2,4–D in winter wheat and glyphosate plus alachlor in grain sorghum eliminated differences in summer annual grass weed density and weed biomass among wheat cultivars. Sorghum grain yields were improved 7% when herbicides were used in the winter wheat and sorghum but value of the increase was less than cost of herbicides. Substituting less costly herbicides for herbicides used in this study still would not have been enough to pay for cost of herbicides for five cultivars. Grain sorghum grown on weed–free stubble of medium–tall and medium–statured winter wheat produced more grain than grain sorghum grown after medium–short and short-statured winter wheat by 5%. Volunteer wheat density during the fallow period following grain sorghum was lower in areas originally seeded to Centurk 78 and Siouxland wheat while volunteer wheat density was higher in areas planted to Homestead and Vona.