Medium Socioeconomic Level Research Articles

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Italian Nursing Students: Prevalence and Predictors.

Background/Objectives: Mental disorders in nursing students, although very common under normal circumstances, have worsened over time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess (1) what the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in Italian nursing students was and (2) what factors were associated with them. Methods: In May 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted on the bachelor's degree Nursing course in an Italian university. Levels of anxiety and stress were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. In addition, socio-demographic variables and data on mental health, drug intake, and substance use were collected. Multiple binary logistic regression adjusted analyses were used to identify predictive factors. Results: A total of 148 nursing students completed the questionnaire. A total of 9.5% reported a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, and, of these, 35.7% reported that it was diagnosed after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean GAD-7 and PHQ-9 score was 9.68 (SD = 5.2) and 8.37 (SD = 5.6), respectively. Protective factors for depressive symptoms included not having a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (adjusted odds ratio = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.002-0.47, p < 0.001) and a perceived high (adjusted odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.003-0.22 p < 0.001) or medium (adjusted odds ratio = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.82, p < 0.05) socioeconomic level, while the predictor of anxiety symptoms was returning home once a month for students studying away from their residence (adjusted odds ratio = 6.4, 95% CI: 1.01-40.8, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Urgent investments are needed in universities to implement mental health promotion programmes and to offer counselling services to reduce and prevent mental health problems among students.

Investigating the relationship between spermogram parameters and sexual desire in infertile men: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary centre in Iran

BackgroundMale factor infertility can affect spermatogenesis, sexual desire, and thus the quality of life of couples. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spermogram parameters, and the...

Socioeconomic Disparities in Urban Forest Diversity and Structure in Green Areas of Santiago de Chile.

Urban trees enhance biodiversity, provide ecosystem services, and improve quality of life in cities. Despite their benefits, trees are not distributed equitably, and many cities exhibit a "luxury effect". Given the importance of public green space for providing access to urban tree benefits, we investigated the relationship between socioeconomic level and tree diversity and structure in 60 green areas in Santiago de Chile. Species richness and total tree abundance did not significantly vary among socioeconomic levels; however, a differential effect was found according to species origin. Introduced tree species exhibited similar abundance and species richness across socioeconomic levels, but native tree species were more abundant and richer in higher socioeconomic level areas compared to lower ones. Tree cover was higher in the high and medium socioeconomic level areas than in the low socioeconomic level area. A higher average DBH was found in the medium socioeconomic level area, which may be explained by older neighborhoods and a legacy of the luxury effect. Our findings reveal that socioeconomic groups are associated with differences in tree cover, width, and the number of native species in public green areas. Consequently, urban residents have different provisions of ecosystem services and opportunities to interact with natural heritage. Increasing the amount of tree cover and native species available to vulnerable groups will reduce disparities.

LMIC-17. DIAGNOSTIC DELAY IN CHILDREN WITH CNS TUMORS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN MEXICO

Abstract BACKGROUND Delays in diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe the time intervals for diagnosis and explore factors related to diagnostic delays in a tertiary public hospital in a middle-income country. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out, collecting data from patients diagnosed with brain tumors between 2000 and 2021 at the National Medical Center “20 de Noviembre” in Mexico City. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Data were collected from 163 patients with a median age of 8 years (range 0-18 years). 81 (49.7%) patients were diagnosed with gliomas, 47 (28.8%) with embryonal tumors, 20 (12.3%) with ependymomas, 10 (6.1%) with germ cell tumors of the central nervous system, 3 (1.8%) with choroid plexus carcinoma, and 2 (1.2%) with other diagnoses. The median time of symptom start and first visit with a physician was 20 days (rage 1 to 180 days). The median time in which the patients arrived at the tertiary hospital after the first visit to a physician was 184 days (range 1 to 2520). The population served by the institution, included the 32 states, with 153 patients (93.9%) coming from an urban location, with easy access to medical services. 145 (89%) of the 163 patients had parents with a medium socio-economic level (urban housing, all basic services, at least one of the parents with higher education.) Of the patients studied, 75 (46%) died, 18 (11%) abandoned treatment, 65 (39.9%) survived and 5 (3.1%) were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION An important delay was found in the start of treatment from the moment patients begin symptoms. The identified delays warrant local and national strategies that allow prompt referrals.

Sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric factors determining overweight and obesity in an adult moroccan population

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the determinants of the weight status of a population is important to be considered in actions aimed at improving public health. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric factors associated with overweight and obesity in an adult Moroccan population. METHODS: This study focused on 507 adult subjects from the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region in Morocco, according to a validated conceptual and methodological framework. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire, physical activity (PA) was assessed by the Marshal questionnaire, dietary intakes were estimated by a “dietary history” type survey. Anthropometric parameters were also measured using impedancemetry and a tape measure. RESULTS: The majority of the study population was 20 to 29 years old, females, urban and had an medium socio-economic level (SEL). The population’s dietary intake was high in calories, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, sugars, and sodium; and low in vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, folic acid, iron, calcium and zinc. Univariate analysis revealed that overweight and obesity are associated with the 30–39 yrs age group, average SEL, insufficient PA, high intakes of calories, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as with high waist circumference and excessive body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with overweight and obesity were identified in the study population, revealing a coexistence of high intakes of energy and macronutrient and low intake of several micronutrients. The prevalence of deficiencies and excesses of these intakes testifys of a double burden of malnutrition in this population. The results are very relevant for guiding nutritional education actions among this population.

Food insecurity and sociodemographic factors in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To understand the association of food insecurity with sociodemographic factors in a sample population in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 10 countries in Latin America using an online survey through various digital platforms from October 14, 2020 to February 15, 2021. Statistical analysis of data was performed by applying descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Of a total of 6 357 surveys, 58.2% of respondents experienced food security, 29.3% were slightly food insecure, 9.2% were moderately food insecure, and 3.3% were severely food insecure. Concerning the association food insecurity and sociodemographic variables, there is a significant association in the variables studied, including area of residence, education level, occupation, number of persons in the household, household with children younger than 10 years of age, and socioeconomic level. These findings indicate that sociodemographic factors associated with food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America were rural residence; complete and incomplete basic and secondary schooling; occupation (homemaker, unemployed, and self-employed); low, medium-low, and medium socioeconomic level; household with more than four persons; and household with children younger than 10 years of age.

Quality of Life Assessment in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life (QOL), affecting both physical and mental well-being. QOL is predictive of morbidity and mortality, making its consideration increasingly important in treatment decisions.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the Quality of Life in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis patients.Methods The study included 87 female patients with confirmed RA, diagnosed by an experienced rheumatologist based on the ACR 1987 or ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment, short form (WHOQOL-BREF scale). The scoring ranged from 0 to 100 for each domain. Disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), and functional disability was evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).Results The study included 87 patients with a mean age of 54.7 ± 12.2 years and a mean disease duration of 12 ± 9.1 years. The majority of patients had a medium socioeconomic level (81.6%), and a low cultural level with 31% being illiterate, 6% attending university, and 76.9% unemployed. Regarding marital status, 74.7% were married. RA was erosive in 77% of patients, deforming in 68%, and 40% were seropositive (FR and/or anti-CCP). Extra-articular manifestations were present in 34.5% of patients. Sixty-seven patients (77%) were on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), with 67.8% on methotrexate. Eighteen percent were treated with biological agents. Corticosteroids were used by 47.1% of patients, while 12.6% used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 6.9% used both. Disease activity varied, with 9.2% having low activity, 43.7% moderate activity, and 24.1% high activity based on DAS28. The mean HAQ index was 1.1 ± 0.8, indicating moderate to severe disability for more than 60% of patients. The mean WHOQOL scores were substantially reduced in the physical health (43 ± 16.2), psychological health (50.3 ± 14.4), social relationships (51.5 ± 18.6), and environment domains (46.8 ± 15). There was a significant inverse correlation between HAQ and the physical health (r = −0.52, p &lt; 0.001), psychological (r = −0.57, p &lt; 0.001), social relationships (r = −0.37, p = 0.001), and environmental domains (r = −0.45, p &lt; 0.001) of QOL. There was no correlation between any domain of QOL and DAS28.ConclusionsPatients with RA experience reduced QOL across multiple domains, including physical function, mental health, and social relationships. Functional disability, as reflected by HAQ, is the most significant factor affecting QOL in RA. The WHOQOL-BREF should be considered a valid outcome measure for interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for people with rheumatoid arthritis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Inflammatory bowel disease evolution in the past two decades: a chronological multinational study

The multifactorial nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which manifests differently in individuals creates a need for a better understanding of the behaviour and pattern of the disease due to environmental factors. The current study aimed to study the changes in IBD behaviour, presentation, and characteristics in patients over the past two decades with a goal of improving patients' diagnosis, management and outcomes. During a 6-month period (1/02/2022-30/07/2022), the information of patients with IBD who attended IBD outpatient clinics of 11 referral centre's in six countries was collected, and based on the first time of diagnosis with IBD, they were allocated as group A (those who were diagnosed more than 15 years ago), group B (those who were diagnosed with IBD between 5 and 15 years ago) and group C (IBD cases who diagnosed in recent 5 years). Then the most prevalent subtypes and characters of the disease are evaluated and compared to make clear if the presenting pattern and behaviour of the disease has changed in the last 2 decades. Overall 1430 patients with IBD including 1207 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (84.5%) and 205 patients with Crohn's disease (CD; 14.3%) included. Mean age of participants at the first time of diagnosis with IBD was 30 years. The extra-intestinal involvement of IBD in groups A and B was more prevalent in comparison with group C. Most of those in groups A & B had academic education but in group C, the most prevalent educational status was high school or diploma (P=0.012). In contrast to groups A and B, the relative prevalence of medium socioeconomic level in group C had decreased (65%). Relative prevalence of UC subtypes was similar among groups A and B (extensive colitis as most prevalent) but in group C, the most prevalent subtype is left side colitis (38.17%). The most prevalent subtype of CD in groups A and B was ileocolic involvement while in group C, upper GI involvement is significantly increased. The rate of food sensitivity among groups A and B was more than group C (P=0.00001). The relative prevalence of patients with no flare has increased with a steady slope (P<0.00001). Relative prevalence of presenting symptoms among patients with UC in group C differs and nowadays the rate abdominal pain (70.7%) and bloating (43.9%) have increased and frequency of diarrhoea (67.4%) has decreased. In the recent 5 years, the pattern of UC presentation has changed. The rate of upper GI involvement in CD and relative prevalence of patients with no disease flare increased and the rate of extra intestinal involvement decreased. None.

Optimism among Medical Students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Casablanca

Background: Optimism plays a crucial role in the journey of medical students. A high degree of optimism can translate into commendable academic outcomes, while a diminished level may precipitate setbacks. multiple factors can exert influence on the optimism levels of students, thereby impacting their academic achievements. Objective: To describe the level of optimism and explore the factors that impact the optimism levels in medical students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Casablanca from June to July 2023. A random sampling method was used to enroll the study participants, and data were collected through self-administered questionnaires encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance, lifestyle practices, self-esteem, social support, and optimism score. Statistical analyses incorporated Chi-square test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA, and correlations. Results: In total, 234 participants responded to the questionnaire, 64.5% of which were female. The average age was 20.4 years (±1.8). The majority of the students came from a medium socio-economic level (88.9%) and lived with their parents (76.9%). The primary sources of subsistence were predominantly familial, (59.8%). Academic challenges were evident, with 5.6% of the students experiencing repetition and 42.7% requiring catch-up exams. The median number of friends per student stood at 3 (IQR=3), and a considerable proportion engaged in leisure activities (55.1%) and physical activities (51.7%). Stress was prevalent among 64.5% of students, while 19.3% grappled with chronic illnesses. Instances of trauma, psychiatric consultations, contemplation of seeking help (48.2%), and psychiatric treatments (10.6%) were also reported. The mean optimism score was 13.5 (±3.8 SD), indicating a modest level of optimism. Notably, 51.5% exhibited a low level of optimism, 37.3% a moderate level, and 11.6% a high level. Optimism scores ....

Opposite Responses of Native and Nonnative Birds to Socioeconomics in a Latin American City.

Due to the massive increase of the urban population, a global target is to achieve sustainable cities that are sensitive to nature and environmentally just for urban dwellers. To accomplish this, it is important to understand the responses of native and nonnative birds, identify the environmental variables that promote native species and limit nonnative species, and understand how they vary among socioeconomic groups. Although many cities in the Global South exhibit strong social and environmental segregation, few studies have investigated the relationship between socioeconomics and biodiversity. Therefore, to help promote ecological justice and biodiversity conservation in the developing world, we investigated the influence of socioeconomic level and woody cover on bird species richness and abundance in the city of Santiago de Chile. We also investigated whether bird response changes with species provenance-it is important to understand the response of native birds separately from nonnative birds because they imply opposite management strategies (e.g., conservation vs. species control/eradication). Thus, we surveyed 120 sites located in residential areas of high, medium, and low socioeconomic levels across the city and fit generalized linear (mixed) models that described bird species richness and abundance for total, native, and nonnative birds according to socioeconomic level and woody vegetation cover. We found that both socioeconomic level and woody vegetation cover influenced the bird community, but their effects changed with bird species origin, having opposite effects on native and nonnative birds. Residential areas where wealthier people live supported greater species richness and abundance of native birds than residential areas where people of lower socioeconomic status live. In contrast, residential areas where vulnerable people live had greater bird abundance that was mainly composed of nonnative birds. Therefore, affluent neighborhoods provide more opportunities to encounter native birds and experience nature close to home than poorer neighborhoods. Due to woody cover having positive effects on native birds and a negative influence on nonnative birds, increasing tree and shrub cover will contribute to supporting more native birds in residential areas deprived of woody vegetation, which are commonly low socioeconomic areas. Additional variables that can explain bird response among residential areas of different socioeconomic levels need to be investigated to better understand the factors influencing the distribution of birds in cities and promote a more biodiverse and environmentally just city.

Differential neuropsychological profiles in children and adolescents with motor disability in an inclusive educational setting

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the potential cognitive impairment associated with motor disability in a group of children attending regular schools and to analyze whether there were different cognitive profiles according to the type of motor disability they presented. The study had 87 participants, 31 healthy and 56 with three types of motor disability: Neuromuscular Diseases (NMD Group), Cerebral Palsy-Hemiparesis (CP- HPx Group) and Cerebral Palsy-Diplegia (CP-DP). Ages ranged from 6 to 18 years and they had medium and medium-high socioeconomic and cultural levels. All participants attended regular state-funded and independent schools in an inclusive modality. The neuropsychological assessment included the following cognitive domains: processing speed, working memory, verbal and visual episodic memory, language, visuo-perception and constructive praxis and executive functioning. A second analysis was performed with the groups with CP: one based on the severity of gross motor impairment (GMFCS-E&R scale) and the other based on the levels of manual dexterity (MACS scale). ANCOVAs were performed controlling for age and processing speed in the three analyses. The group with CP-HPx was shown to be the most cognitively impaired of the three groups, with significant deficits in visuo-perception, verbal working memory, and visuo-spatial memory. Subjects with greater gross motor dysfunction (GMFCS-E&R) did not show the greatest cognitive impairment, while those with worse manual dexterity (MACS) exhibited greater cognitive impairment. Children and adolescents with motor disabilities, a priori cognitively normal, present different levels of cognitive impairment. This should be considered when planning educational adaptations for this infant-juvenile population.

Relationship of vitamin D with the anthropometric indicators and lifestyle of adults. Medellín. Colombia

Introduction: Serum vitamin D levels depend on sunlight, diet, and other factors. Objective: We aimed to determine serum vitamin D levels and evaluate their relationship with anthropometric indicators and lifestyle habits in apparently healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n=75), socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habit-related data were collected. Serum vitamin D levels were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, food intake was measured by semiquantitative frequency and nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. Chi-square test and also principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between some variables and vitamin D status. Spearman’s test was used to determine correlations between quantitative variables. Results: 73% were women and 61% belonged to medium socio-economic level. Median vitamin D intake was 137 (83.1–227.3) IU/day. Based on body mass index (BMI), 44% individuals had overweight/obesity. The 68% exhibited deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels (Hypovitaminosis D). BMI classification and waist circumference (CW) were not related with vitamin D status; however, activities with higher sun exposure were highly related (p = 0.013). Sun exposure time explained variation in component 2 (16.60%), where most of the individuals with normal level were grouped. Sun exposure time was positively correlated with vitamin D status (r = 0.263; p = 0.023). Discussion: Excess weight and abdominal obesity are not always associated with hypovitaminosis D. Conclusions: The majority of individuals showed hypovitaminosis D but their status was not related with anthropometric indicators. A Sun exposure time was the only factor positively correlated with vitamin D status.

Colorectal cancer survival in Manizales, Colombia, 2008-2017: a population-based study.

To determine 5-year survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) according to patient and tumor characteristics. Longitudinal study based on incident cases of invasive CRC between 2008 and 2017 captured by the Manizales Population-based Cancer Registry (n=850). Patients were followed up to August 24th, 2021. Cause-specific survival and net survival were calculated for sociodemographic and tumor characteristics, and Cox multivariate was fitted. Fifty-five percent of cases occurred in women. The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma (78.2%). The most frequent locations were rectum (32.0%), ascending colon (16.6%), and sigmoid (16.2%). Twenty-five percent of cases were diagnosed in stage IV. There were 567 deaths due to CRC. The 5-year specific survival was 45.8% (95%CI 42.4-49.3), with independent effects for age (HR=1.83; 95%CI 1.26-2.65 age >75 years vs. <50 years) and advanced clinical stage (HR=2.5 and HR 5.7 for stages III and IV vs. stage I, respectively). Lower survival was observed in patients of medium socioeconomic status compared with higher socioeconomic status (HR=1.52; 95%CI 1.08-2.14), but not in patients of low socioeconomic status. No independent effects were observed for the health insurance regime. In Manizales, approximately 5 out of 10 patients with invasive CRC die in the first five years after diagnosis, with a lower survival in patients older than 75 years, from medium socioeconomic level and diagnosed in advanced clinical stages.

The Relationship Between Self-Compassion And Psychological Resilience in Children: Series Multiple Mediation Analysis

This study examines the serial multiple mediation of social appearance anxiety, positive perfectionism, and negative perfectionism in the relationship between self-compassion and resilience to observe the psychosocial development of children attending secondary school. The model of this study, which examines the role of social appearance anxiety, positive perfectionism, and negative perfectionism in the relationship between secondary school children's self-compassion and resilience, is a relational research type, which is one of the quantitative research types. Relational research method is used to determine the relationships between variables and to predict possible outcomes. A total of 497 children, 283 girls (59.1%) and 196 (40.9%) boys were reached for the study group. 55 (11.5%) of the children stated that they had a low socioeconomic level, 399 (83.3%) had a medium socioeconomic level, and 25 (5.2%) had a high socioeconomic level. Children's ages range from 10 to 14 years old. In this study, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, Psychological Resilience Scale, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, Positive-Negative Perfectionism Scale, and Personal Information Form were used to collect data. Firstly, descriptive statistics for all variables were calculated, and the relations between variables were determined using Pearson Product Moments Correlation analysis. Mediation analyses were performed in line with the recommendations of Preacher and Hayes. This method is used by loading the "Multiple Mediation (INDIRECT)" macro into the IBM SPSS Statistic 22 software. Model 6, one of the serial multiple mediator variable models, was used in the analysis. Finally, according to the results of serial multiple analysis, it was observed that the mediation role of social appearance anxiety, positive perfectionism, and negative perfectionism was significant in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological resilience. The model shows that children with high self-compassion will experience less social appearance anxiety, have more positive and less negative perfectionism, and thus have higher psychological resilience.

Failure to thrive and it's Risk factors among children under 5 years old in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baquba city

Background: Failure to thrive (FTT) indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of an appropriate physical growth,it is a sign not a disease ,commonly seen by the primary health care physicians. It might be due to organic or non-organic causes and it is usually of a multifactorial etiology.&#x0D; Objective: To detect the prevalence of failure to thrive and risk factors in pediatric age group - under 5 year old in Al-Batool teaching hospital in Baquba city through 2020-2021.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: This study was across sectional study that took place In Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for maternity and children,in Baquba Distract-Diyala province, Iraq.during the period from 1st of February 2020-31st of July 2021. Throughout this study Two hundred and fifty (250) child were randomly selected under -5years old . Informations were collected from the patients files including age,current weight,birth weight,type of feeding,weaning,history of prematurity, history of chronic diseases and socioeconomic conditions.&#x0D; Results: Showed that children below 12 months were (45.2%), males (51.6%)and females (48.4%). male:female ratio was 1:1 ,majority of children were from Bohris . medium socioeconomic level was the largest with (61.6%). regarding mother education,mothers who have secondary education represent the largest level with (45.6%),children with bottle feeding were the largest with (45.0%),premature birth represent (2.0%),children with chronic diseases (14.0%),children with UTI (32.0%). Children with (FTT)were(23.2%),while (76.8%) were of normal growth. Regarding age groups most of the affected children were below 24 months of age with (36.5%) (P value was 0.0001) which is considered to be a significant. Males with (FTT) (24.8%) ,while Females (21.5%). (Pvaluewas0.534) which is considered to be of no significance. Regarding children with (FTT) and low socioeconomic level it was (68.8%) (p value was 0.0001)which is considered to be a significant. Children with (FTT) and illutrate mother was(60.0%) (p value was 0.0001)which is considered to be a significant. children with breastfeeding showed no (FTT) ,while those with bottle feeding was (37.0%) (P value was 0.0001 ) which is considered to be a significant. children with (FTT) and UTI (58.8%)(P value was 0.0001)which is considered to be a significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concluded that failure to thrive is strongly correlated with poverty, mothers education ,chronic diseases, premature birth and type of feeding.failure to thrive showed no correlation with gender .

Failure to thrive and it's Risk factors among children under 5 years old in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baquba city

Background: Failure to thrive (FTT) indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of an appropriate physical growth,it is a sign not a disease ,commonly seen by the primary health care physicians. It might be due to organic or non-organic causes and it is usually of a multifactorial etiologyز Objective: To detect the prevalence of failure to thrive and risk factors in pediatric age group - under 5 year old in Al-Batool teaching hospital in Baquba city through 2020-2021ز Patients and Methods: This study was across sectional study that took place In Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for maternity and children,in Baquba Distract-Diyala province, Iraq.during the period from 1st of February 2020-31st of July 2021. Throughout this study Two hundred and fifty (250) child were randomly selected under -5years old . Informations were collected from the patients files including age,current weight,birth weight,type of feeding,weaning,history of prematurity, history of chronic diseases and socioeconomic conditions. Results: Showed that children below 12 months were (45.2%), males (51.6%)and females (48.4%). male:female ratio was 1:1 ,majority of children were from Bohris . medium socioeconomic level was the largest with (61.6%). regarding mother education,mothers who have secondary education represent the largest level with (45.6%),children with bottle feeding were the largest with (45.0%),premature birth represent (2.0%),children with chronic diseases (14.0%),children with UTI (32.0%). Children with (FTT)were(23.2%),while (76.8%) were of normal growth. Regarding age groups most of the affected children were below 24 months of age with (36.5%) (P value was 0.0001) which is considered to be a significant. Males with (FTT) (24.8%) ,while Females (21.5%). (Pvaluewas0.534) which is considered to be of no significance. Regarding children with (FTT) and low socioeconomic level it was (68.8%) (p value was 0.0001)which is considered to be a significant. Children with (FTT) and illutrate mother was(60.0%) (p value was 0.0001)which is considered to be a significant. children with breastfeeding showed no (FTT) ,while those with bottle feeding was (37.0%) (P value was 0.0001 ) which is considered to be a significant. children with (FTT) and UTI (58.8%)(P value was 0.0001)which is considered to be a significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that failure to thrive is strongly correlated with poverty, mothers education ,chronic diseases, premature birth and type of feeding.failure to thrive showed no correlation with gender . Keywords: Failure to thrive, Risk Factors, Children

Comparative analysis dimensioned by sex on socioeconomic attributes, vocational orientation and gender perspective in career selection, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico, 2021

With the objective of comparing the main attributes in the choice of career for the municipality of Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico, 2021. A study with a cross-sectional quantitative approach was carried out. Using a comparative analysis and taking into account gender as a grouping variable, using the T-Student parametric hypothesis test for independent samples, 159 attributes were compared on a 0-10 ratio scale in 445 subjects. As a preview of the results, it is noteworthy that the theoretical dimension with the most surprises is not the gender expectation in the choice of career, an understandable assumption if the grouping variable is gender. The hypothesis tests showed greater asymmetries during the verification on the student socioeconomic status between women and men, since, in 16 of 19 attributes measured, equivalent to 68.42% of the items, the marks of significance and low female averages required rejecting the hypothesis. of nullity With the above, it can be inferred that women are today the majority in the universities of Fresnillo, because an important segment of them is circumscribed to a socioeconomic level below the average, meanwhile, the men who access higher education, belong mostly at medium and high socioeconomic levels.

Quality of Life in Adult Patients With Epilepsy in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Epilepsy is a chronic and heterogeneous neurological disorder that impairs the quality of life (QOL) of sufferersand affects their mental health in many aspects. Few studies have been conducted in the Middle East, especially in Lebanon, on the QOL of patients with epilepsy. The aim of our study is to assess the burden of epilepsy on the life of adult patients in Lebanon and measure the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the QOL. A total of 47 patients from several neurology clinics were included in our study and asked to fill out a questionnaire including the sociodemographic variables and epilepsy-related factors. We used the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Scale-31 (QOLIE-31), which is a 31-question form covering seven attributes of the QOL; overall QOL, emotional wellbeing, social functioning, cognition, energy, seizure worry and medication effects, to assess the QOL of adult patients with epilepsy. Analysis was conducted using SPSS program version 23. The mean age of our sample was 37.54 years, 53.2% of which were males. The majority were unemployed, educated, and belonging to the medium socioeconomic level. The highest subscale score was for the social functioning subscale with a mean of 74.49±25.89 and the lowest subscale score was for seizure worry with a mean of 55.81±27.14. Employment status, nationality, and socioeconomic level were shown to be associated with the QOL scores. There were no correlations between the clinical factors and the QOL scores. Sociodemographic factors, namelyLebanese nationality, employment status, and socioeconomic level, were associated with better QOL, reflected by the significant associations between the following parameters and the QOL scores (p-value<0.05), highlighting the positive influence of social support on the outcome of the disease. However, epilepsy-related clinical features did not show any correlation with the QOL and its subscales.

Factors and Practices Associated with Self-Medicating Children among Mexican Parents.

Background: Pediatric self-medication is based on the subjective interpretation of symptoms in children by the mother or an adult, the decision to self-medicate is made by a third party. The objective of this work is to provide information on the factors and practices associated with the self-medication of children among parents in Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between June 2020 and December 2021 on Mexican parents with children under 12 years of age. Online questionnaires were completed with sections on sociodemographic characteristics, use of medicines or medicinal plants and their treated symptoms, sources of collection, and their recommendation. Results: A total of 9905 online surveys were completed with representation from the 32 states of Mexico, and the prevalence of self-medication was 49.6% (n = 4908). Associated factors were age, having two or more children, children with chronic illnesses, medium educational level, unemployment or employment unrelated to health, medium and high socioeconomic level, and lack of medical security. Respondents self-medicated their children on the recommendation of a family member or friend (55.8%), and own initiative (28%). The most used medication was VapoRub (61.3%), followed by paracetamol (56.9%) and chamomile (33.1%), and the most prevalent symptoms were flu/flow (47.7%) followed by cough (34.2%). The main reasons were perceiving symptoms as not serious (69.9%) and reusing medications (51.9%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of self-medication in children in Mexico, mainly associated with children with chronic diseases and families with three or more children.

O4-4 Relation between physical activity level and environment perception among older adults

IntroductionRegular physical activity (PA) is associated to a decrease in morbidity and mortality and to a better quality of life. The environment has been shown as an important factor in the adoption of an active lifestyle, especially among the elderly, since it may be the difference between a dependent or independent living and a better health status. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between the PA level and the environment perception of the elderly from a city in southern Brazil.MethodsThree neighborhoods of the city of Santa Maria, RS - Brazil were drawn to be part of the investigation, with low, medium and high socioeconomic levels. The sample had 202 subjects. An adapted version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Brazilian elderly (Mazo & Benedetti, 2010) was used to evaluate PA level and a Portuguese version of the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale (Salvador et al, 2009) to evaluate environment perception. The statistical analyses were done by relative and absolute frequencies and logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of adequate PA levels was inferior to 30% in the three studied neighborhoods and the average of minutes spent with PA per week was 63.14 (±115.15). From the 41 variables considered in the environment perception, four had a p > 0.20 being selected for the multiple logistic regression model. The presences of fair and pedestrian crosswalks near home were the most influent factors on PA: the presence of fair increases 3.3 times the chance of the elderly being physically active and the crosswalks increase 2.7 times that chance.ConclusionA low prevalence of physically active elderly was observed in Santa Maria, which was also shown in other studies with similar samples. The variables that most positively influenced the older adults' PA levels were the presence of fair and pedestrian crosswalks, showing the importance of the creation and maintenance of environments that facilitate PA, as well as public policies that promote healthy and safe environments.