Public Communication Media Research Articles

Filmmaking as a Medium of Public Communication in Addressing Social Problems

Purpose: This paper is focused on the role of motion pictures as a medium of public communication directed at addressing social problems and evoking a change in behaviour of the masses. From the moment the art of cinema was born in the late 19th century, films have served as an instrument of shifting public consciousness, i.e., inspiring social change, disseminating ideas and values, raising awareness of the acute social, cultural, and political issues etc. The purpose of this research is to consider, study, and analyse film production as: a) a form of reflecting significant socio-political processes and cultural innovations, as well as representing ideologies; and b) a mechanism that creates, forms, and shapes a new social reality. Materials and Methods: The methodology of this research is based on content analysis and focused on the dynamics of cinematic response to the acute global issues, as well as development of social problem films as an instrument of public communication aimed at raising awareness and inspiring a change within society. The theory to be proved through this paper is that motion pictures have a major influencing power over human brain and social consciousness, and that this power can and has been applied to evoke large-scaled shifts in society. Findings: To summarize the key findings, the content analysis of notable social problem film productions, their impact on the dynamics in public attitudes, and consequent changes in behaviour of the masses demonstrate the pattern of filmmakers’ exponential progress in communicating social message to the target audience and, to a greater or lesser extent, managing to affect, shift, or even transform social reality. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: In order to support the proposed theory and expand the knowledge on “the formula” of success in influencing public mind through filmmaking, further research is required.

Between Sexism and Expressions of Resistance over the Body: A Study of Poster Texts in Demonstrations in 2022

In April and September 2022, students in various regions in Indonesia held demonstrations. These activities demanded and protested against the government's discourse on the policy of 3 presidential terms. Meanwhile, in September, there was an action against the increase in fuel prices. Like the previous demonstrations, the action used posters as a medium of public communication. What was interesting about the posters was the content of the demonstration. The content of the posters tended to be more related to the body and sexual matters. The content used more metaphors of everyday life related to sexual activity. This spread massively in many social media. Through Theo Van Leeuwen's critical discourse analysis method, this research discusses several sexist poster texts and analyzes the social context behind the phenomenon. There are two assumptions that this paper tries to address. First, the poster content that appears is sexist content that demeans women. The second is that it is part of an expression of women's resistance to bodily restraint. Both arguments above will be reviewed in this paper. This research found that there was sexist content in posters that used direct or indirect expressions of sexism. The sexist expressions in the posters also show misogynistic practices because posters that denigrate women come from women. Findings also show that the sexist language used leads to pornography.Keywords: demonstration, poster, sexism, women, cda

언론사 사설로 본 과거청산 담론 분석과 민주시민교육적 함의

This study divides past settlement into two types (criminal prosecution model - reconciliation model) and integrates the 5 principles of solving the “Gwangju problem” (punishment of responsible persons, compensation for victims, investigation of the truth, restoration of victims' honor, reconciliation and integration). pursuit) was analyzed. To this end, by analyzing 139 editorials of the Dong-A Ilbo, one of the major daily newspapers, from 1993 to 2022, it is diachronic how the tasks of liquidation of the May 18th over the past 30 years have been recorded and expressed through the ways and aspects of change. It was analyzed and evaluated from this point of view. As a result of the analysis, Dong-A Ilbo editorials related to the settlement of the past posted the most editorials related to truth finding among the 5 principles, followed by editorials on punishment of those responsible (perpetrators), followed by demands for restoration of the victim's honor, demand for compensation for victims, and reconciliation and integration. It was confirmed that the amount of publication was classified in the order of pursuit. It is interpreted as a reflection of the will that, in order to truly settle the past, first of all, it is essential to find out the truth and fair punishment for those responsible. In particular, the Dong-A Ilbo's editorials were identified as focusing on the original role of the media as a public communication medium rather than adhering to value-oriented discourses according to political tendencies regarding changes and trends that are receiving great attention both socially and politically. Through this analysis, this study aims to help our society and community reexamine the democratic and historical meaning of May 18 in the history of Korean democracy, gain knowledge about social issues that have arisen in the public sphere, and further increase awareness of the universal values pursued by human society. We wanted to provide a foundation for rediscovery. In addition, for this purpose, after the discourse analysis discussion process, the reasons for emphasizing the ‘necessity of democratic citizenship education’ were briefly presented.

Ordinary Weimar: Global Press Photography, ‘Distant Seeing’ and the Normalcy of Crisis in the 1920s

Abstract Press photography was an important medium of public communication in Germany in the 1920s. Scholarship on the topic has had two distinct foci. First, research on the ‘golden age’ of visual news has mainly concentrated on the visual coverage and political implications of singular events or certain topics. Secondly, the history of photography tends to concentrate on the period’s most prominent photographers, highlighting exceptional and high-quality examples of the genre. This article argues for a change of perspective, emphasizing press photography as an industry that disseminated thousands of pictures to a wide public. Focusing on its production side and a form of ‘distant seeing’ gives a better understanding of the transnational iconography of the present as it was manufactured within this professional field. Examining portfolios distributed by important actors, such as Georg Pahl’s Berlin-based photo agency, helps chart the visual media landscape through which people became acquainted with local events and national and international politics. This iconography contributed to an image of ‘Weimar’ as a society which appeared much more ‘normal’ and more comparable to the developments in other countries than ex post interpretations of Weimar as a society in crisis suggest. Global press photography fostered homogenization of the ‘mattering maps’ of a transnational public. This concentration on the global embedding of press photography and its products balances interpretations which use photographic sources to stress either the glamorous or the dramatic aspects of life in the 1920s. The transnational collation of visual news created an image of Weimar as only one among several societies challenged by modern crisis.

PRESERVING THE TRADITION OF KASAB CRAFT IN NAGAN RAYA DISTRICT

Kasab or kasab cloth, is a traditional textile embroidered with various types of local motifs in Keude Blang Village, Seunagan Timur District, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh. However, the cultural richness of this society has never been scientifically researched. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out the types of motifs and the preservation of objects by the community and local government in that area. This is qualitative research, data collection involved observation, interviewing, and documentation. The results showed that kasab is one of the traditions for embroidering motifs on traditional textile surfaces. The use of gold thread in the components of traditional ceremonies not only provides aesthetic value, but also complements the meaning conveyed through symbols as a medium of public communication. The kasab motifs that are always embroidered in the Keude Blang Ara Village community include the bungong uret, bungong meulu, bungong pucuk pakis, and pucuk rembong (bamboo flower) motifs. Kasab preservation in Keude Blang Ara Village continues to be carried out by the local community and supported by the government. Preserving local culture (kasab) involves creating dynamic expressions and adapting to changing developmental situations to preserve cultural, artistic, and traditional qualities. However, with the support of the government, kasab has become something interesting, so that nowadays the demand for producing kasab is increasing.

RPTRA AS PUBLIC COMMUNICATION MEDIUM FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF DKI JAKARTA IN INTECHTING WITH CITIZENS

In a big city like Jakarta, the community's need for public sphare as a means to carry out activities with various activities together is very important and useful. Public sphare is realized through social interactions that are accommodated in public sphares so that learning occurs between humans with one another, one community with another community, continues until finally there is a unity, understanding, together that heterogeneity in one city is a necessary necessity. must be shared and accepted. The theoretical framework used in this research is public communication and the concept of public sphare from Habermas. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government utilizes public sphare in this case called the Child Friendly Open Public sphare (RPTRA) as a public communication medium. This research approach is qualitative with the method used is a case study. The results of the study indicate that the existing RPTRA in various urban villages as public sphares in DKI Jakarta shows that the DKI Jakarta provincial government has optimally utilized the existence of this RPTRA as evidenced by the granting of access for residents to use it. However, public communication carried out by the provincial government has not been fully utilized. The objective condition of DKI Jakarta's public sphare is still not able to become a medium of public communication that is able to encourage egalitarian freedom of thought and action in the public sphere.
 Keyword: DKI Jakarta Government, RPTRA, Public Communication

Cryptosystem Polyalphabetic Cipher Application

Polyalphabetic cipher cryptosystem is the study of mathematical techniques that related to aspects of information security such as confidentiality, data integrity, authentication and authentication of data origin. With the internet, long distance communication can be done quickly and cheaply. However, the internet is not very secure because it is a public communication medium that can be used by anyone so it is very vulnerable to information tapping. Cryptography has been widely used in life for example banking atm ATMs, account numbers sacrificed, sending secret military messages. By applying polyalphabetic cipher cryptosystems, pins, account numbers and secret messages sent will be more secure and the information will not be easily known. Keywords: polyalphabetic cipher cryptosystem, banking, pin

Public Diplomacy in the Digital Age

Summary As data fast become the ‘new oil’, the opportunities for public diplomacy to grow as a field of practice are real and game-changing. Drawing on social informatics research, this article seeks to advance our understanding of how digital technologies shape the context in which public diplomacy operates by reshaping the medium of public communication, blurring the boundary between foreign and domestic affairs and empowering new actors. Despite inevitable challenges, the future of public diplomacy in the digital age remains bright, as digital technologies create tremendous opportunities for public diplomacy to build stronger, more diverse and more enduring bridges between offline and online communities.

343. A public facing survey on radiation risk perception set up within the CONCERT European Joint Programme: preliminary results

Purpose Work package 5 of the CONCERT European Joint Programme deals with stakeholder engagement and communication strategies in radiation protection. In particular, Task 5.3 of the WP5 concerns the development of survey activities for a more efficient interaction with civil society and the use of social media for public communication. This task falls within the scope of the CONCERT consortium answering the needs in radiation protection for the public, occupationally exposed people, and patients in medicine. Methods A public facing e-survey has been developed and launched in June 2017 on the CONCERT website. To reach a larger segment of the population, trying to minimize the impact of linguistic barriers, the text of the survey was translated in fourteen European languages: English, Bulgarian, Croatian, Dutch, Estonian, French, German, Greek, Latvian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak and Spanish. The deadline was 31st December 2017. Results The survey aims to gauge the perception of radiation risk amongst a wide range of people who are not radiation specialists and their opinion on information that would be helpful to a general audience to understand radiation risk. The first part of the survey includes a section about the responders’ personal information, their attitude towards science and technology, their satisfaction towards the actors in the radiation protection domain and the actions undertaken by RP authorities, their opinion towards the communication channels about radiological risk. Fig. 1 shows the question about benefits and detriments. In the second part of the survey, specific sections are addressed to particular categories of people such as professionally exposed persons, medically exposed patients or people with a cultural interest for radiation protection issues (such as journalists or students). Conclusions The strategies adopted to raise awareness and encourage responses in Italy will be presented together with the preliminary analysis of the results.

Ruang Publik sebagai Representasi Kebijakan dan Medium Komunikasi Publik

This study aims to analyze how public space can be a representation of public pride and its contribution as a medium of public communication. The selection of Serus City public space locus research which is objectively the Capital of Banten Province is expected to be a representation and role model for cities with ideal public spaces. The method used is a qualitative approach. The technique carried out by researchers is a survey of academic literature in the field of public policy and communication in order to obtain concepts that are relevant to research. The technique of collecting data is through searching various sources and literature both from government documents and reporting on print and electronic mass media, journals and books related to public administration and communication. The results of the study indicate that the management of public spaces in Serang City still does not represent pro-public policies, this is a challenge for public policy stakeholders in Serang City in formulating the management of ideal public spaces. The objective condition of Serang City's public space still cannot be a medium of public communication that is able to encourage freedom of thought and egalitarian action in the public sphere.

The Use of Traditional Media for Public Communication about Medicines: A Systematic Review of Characteristics and Outcomes

ABSTRACTA systematic review was conducted to identify, appraise, and synthesize data from original research investigating the use of traditional media for public communication about medicines. Databases were searched for studies conducting quantitative or qualitative analyses between the years 2007 and 2017. Data extraction and assessment of the quality of the resulting studies was conducted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. A total of 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped as follows: “newspapers and other print media” (n = 42), “television” (n = 9), and “radio and a combination of media” (n = 6). Content analysis (n = 34) was the most frequent research design, followed by surveys or interviews (n = 14) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 9). Advertising, public awareness, and health administration were the most common themes, and the medicines most analyzed were vaccines, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza. Studies conducted in the United States were the most frequent, followed by other high-income countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom. The lack of consistent studies of the effects of media campaigns stresses the importance of the use of standardized research methodologies. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for further research are discussed.

Government Sponsored Advertisements: Do They Cultivate Higher Order Thinking Skills?

Advertising can be defined as an openly sponsored offering of goods, services, or ideas through any medium of public communication. Advertising, in the past decade has undergone significant development and it now comprises television, radio and internet besides the traditional print media. Levens (2012) defines advertising as the paid, non -personal communication of a marketing message by an identified sponsor through mass media which acts as a tool for a company to massively introduce a product or service to the consumers using the available media that are endless starting from billboards, posters, wall paintings to the most explicit places like the back of event tickets or even the public transport t hat roams all over the city. Government sponsored advertisements (GSA ) or public service advertisement (PSA) on the other hand can be defined as messages in the public interest disseminated by the media without charge. Today, public serviceadvertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes (Devadas and Manohar, 2011). The objective is to raise awareness, change public attitudes and behavior towards social issues. The purpose of this paper is to explore as to whether advertisement s sponsored by the Malaysian government merely disclose social responsibility information or do they go beyond this to inculcate Higher Order Thinking Skills among the audience from the three generations; Baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. As such, a purposive sampling was used in the selection of the advertisements for the study based on thecontent that catered for the three generations. To identify whether the advertisements inculcate Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) according to Blooms Taxanomy (1990), the contents of the advertisements were analysed using a framework based on an integrated approach combining content and semiotic analysis. To further support the findings, a survey was carried out among 100 samples to identify their perception on government sponsored advertisements. The samples for the survey were also selected using a purposive sampling. This was to ensure that there were representatives from the three generations. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the scarce l iterature on the effectiveness of advertisements in cultivating Higher Order Thinking Skills.

“Baby–Beer–Bullets!!!” British Perceptions of American Journalism in the Nineteenth Century

For much of the nineteenth century, American journalism fascinated writers in British periodicals. This interest is particularly important because the era marked the emergence of the press as the chief medium of public communication in Britain. Articles ranged from effusive tributes to stinging condemnations, from narrow profiles of journalists to sweeping evaluations of journalism. Among the authors who penned these columns were British reporters and editors, former ones who were pursuing other careers, and even the occasional expatriate American. This study, based on a survey of thirty-nine reviews and magazines that cut across political, religious, and class lines, explores the ideas of these analysts. Although their perceptions differed, three themes appear in their commentary. Two are comparative, stressing the similarities between American and British journalism and the cross-cultural exchanges that common experiences fostered. The third motif deals with the differences in journalistic development in the two societies. Irrespective of these unifying threads, it is clear from the evidence that no dominant British vision of the American press surfaced in the century.

Public communication in the national interest: A South African debate

The purpose of this article is to make a contribution to the general debate about the role of public communication media in South Africa. The focus will be on whether or not the South African media should serve the national interest. This question was debated in the national media between 2001 and 2003, and during two meetings that were held to discuss the controversy. The article focuses on this debate and starts by reviewing the different positions taken by government and the media on this controversial but important question. In essence, the government called on the media to serve the national interest and argued that this is a legitimate and necessary responsibility. Some in the media rejected this call out of hand while others accepted the call, though not as prescribed or expected by government. The review of these different positions is followed by a theoretical discussion of the pertinent concepts and issues: nation, national interest, public, public interest and the media's role in relation to them. Based on this discussion and the review of the public debates, the article concludes that the media should indeed serve the national interest but do so critically.

Seyyed Jamal Vaez and the Aljamal newspaper in Iran

It is usually the intellectuals who first become aware of or develop novel ideas and hence acquire a desire for social change. In order to transmit their new perceptions and desire for change to the masses, they develop a sense of mission to communicate their vision effectively to the public. To mount a social movement these change-oriented intellectuals must either adapt the existing media of public communication to their purpose or adopt suitable new ones. The aim of this article is to discuss the development of the media during the constitutional movement in Iran. Between 1905 and 1911 there was a series of protests against internal corruption, misgovernment and foreign influence, which led to the establishment of a constitutional system of government.1 Informing, agitating and guiding the public was an integral part of the movement. Contact with the West played an important part in the awakening of the constitutional leaders. The ideas of democracy and equality before the law had come from the West. After recognizing the need to arouse the people, some liberal intellectuals sought the assistance of the preachers who were trained to deliver homilies and sermons from the pulpit and in some cases were themselves liberal and pro-Western. Others tried the newspaper, a recent innovation that had come from the West. Our guiding hypothesis for the examination of both the Islamic pulpit and the newspapers during the constitutional movement in Iran is that during a social movement, the need for public communication increases. We intend to examine the adaptation that some intellectuals brought about in an existing medium of public communication, the Islamic pulpit, in response to this need. We want to know in what ways the pulpit changed as a communication medium during the constitutional movement, and how effectively it performed its function in informing, agitating and guiding the public. Further, we would like to investigate briefly the relationship between the pulpit and the new medium, the newspaper. Did the pulpit facilitate the emergence and the acceptance of the newspaper? To provide specific issues and concrete illustrations for our discussion, we concentrate on one well-known preacher of the constitutional period and a newspaper that emerged from his pronouncements from the pulpit.