Medium Of Information Transmission Research Articles

Digital watermarking algorithm for QR code based on hybrid PSOGWO optimization

Abstract With the rapid development of digital media, QR codes have become widely used as an important medium for information transmission. However, this also presents serious security challenges, such as frequent image infringement and inevitable compression and scaling issues during data transfer. These challenges directly threaten the effectiveness and integrity of image information, and effective protection measures must be taken. Under this background, digital watermarking technology comes into being as an innovative method to enhance security. This paper presents an innovative Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Gray Wolf optimization (HPG) algorithm, which combines the advantages of PSO and overcomes the limitations of traditional GWO algorithm. The algorithm is further improved by using Bernoulli chaotic mapping and nonlinear convergence factor. The experiments focus on the global and local search balance of the algorithm and its ability to resist repeated scaling attacks. The results show that the nonlinear convergence factor of HPG algorithm slows down the iteration speed at the initial stage, strengthens the global search, and avoids falling into the local optimal. In the later stage, the iteration is accelerated to improve the local search speed and convergence efficiency, thus optimizing the performance of the algorithm and ensuring the safety and quality of image information. In addition, the algorithm has better performance in balancing imperceptibility and robustness of digital watermarking, and its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is higher. Even with many scaling iterations, the normalized correlation (NC) value is still close to 1. Compared with the existing typical algorithms, HPG algorithm is more robust to repeated scaling attacks.

TGF - β/SMAD signaling pathway and protein molecules in the treatment of liver fibrosis: A natural lipid membrane protein of exosomes

In recent years, exosomes, as an important medium of intercellular information transmission, have received extensive attention for their potential in the treatment of liver fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosome natural lipid membrane proteins in the treatment of liver fibrosis, with emphasis on the regulatory mechanism through the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Exosomes were extracted from healthy human hepatocytes and their membrane protein components were identified by mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the effects of these exosomes and their membrane proteins on the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway were examined using in vitro cell models and mouse liver fibrosis models. Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression of fibrosis markers and the activity of signaling pathways. In vitro cell experiments, fibrotic cells showed an obvious reversal trend after treating exosome membrane proteins. In a mouse model of liver fibrosis, the injection of exosome membrane proteins significantly improved the degree of fibrosis in liver tissue.

Image Processing Technology Based on Machine Learning

Machine learning is a relatively new field. With the deepening of people's research in this field, the application of machine learning is increasingly extensive. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, image has become an indispensable medium of information transmission, and image processing technology is also booming. This paper introduces machine learning into image processing, and studies the image processing technology based on machine learning. This paper summarizes the current popular image processing technology, compares various image technology in detail, and explains the limitations of each image processing method. In addition, on the basis of image processing, this paper introduces machine learning algorithm, applies convolution neural network to feature extraction of image processing, and carries out simulation test. In the test, we select voc2007 dataset for image segmentation, Imagenet dataset for target detection, cifar100 dataset for image classification, and ROC curve for performance evaluation. The results show that the algorithm based on deep learning can achieve high accuracy in image segmentation, classification and target detection. The accuracy of image segmentation is 0.984, the accuracy of image classification is 0.987, and the accuracy of target detection is 0.986. Image processing based on machine learning has great advantages.

Semi-supervised image manipulation localization with residual enhancement

Images have become a significant medium for information transmission, while image forensics has garnered widespread attention from researchers. Due to the scarcity of finely annotated images in the field of image manipulation detection and localization, existing methods for locating manipulated images can only utilize a limited amount of data for model training. However, deep learning models typically require a large number of finely annotated images to fully leverage their powerful fitting capabilities. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised image manipulation localization framework, employing semi-supervised learning to use unannotated images for deep learning model training. To achieve this goal, we first design a residual enhancement module that contains an encoding-decoding structure. The regression target of this branch is the pristine regions in the images to generate the reconstructed images. Next, we perform a residual operation between the reconstructed and original images to roughly locate the anomalous regions and refine the features extracted by the encoder. Secondly, we employ weakly-supervised learning by adding an image-level classification head to the final layer of the encoder. The classification head generates a class active map based on image-level classification results, which further guides the model’s feature augmentation. Finally, we formulate a specialized semi-supervised framework tailored for image manipulation detection, enabling the utilization of a large volume of unannotated data for model training. Extensive experimental results highlight the notable efficacy of the proposed approach, and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.

Increasing the Efficiency of Blind Decoding of the Steganographic Method with Code Control of Additional Information Embedding

Modern energy systems are often used as a medium for information transmission, including confidential information, which makes relevant the task of ensuring its security, which today is solved using not only cryptographic but also steganographic means that ensure concealment of the very fact of confidential information transmission. The steganographic method with code control of the additional information embedding possesses practical important qualities, but in its original form requires the presence of a container for successful information extraction, which is not always desirable in practice, while the known modification of this steganographic method allows blind decoding is characterized by an insufficient level of resistance to attacks against the embedded message. The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of the steganographic method with code control of the addition-al information embedding and blind decoding. This purpose was achieved by identifying two factors that determine the occurrence of errors during blind decoding of additional information in the steganographic method with code control: variation of sub-blocks, and errors caused by attacks against the embedded message. We propose the theoretical and practical rationale for codewords that provide the best level of resistance to both factors. The most significant result of the paper is a reduction in the number of decoding errors of the steganographic method with code control of the additional information embedding and blind decoding by 12.01% compared to the result known in the literature through a reasonable choice of codewords used to embed the additional information.

ExoPD-L1: an assistant for tumor progression and potential diagnostic marker.

The proliferation and function of immune cells are often inhibited by the binding of programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1). So far, many studies have shown that this combination poses significant difficulties for cancer treatment. Fortunately, PD-L1/PD-1 blocking therapy has achieved satisfactory results. Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicle particles with a diameter of 40~160 nm, formed by cells through endocytosis. The exosomes are a natural shelter for many molecules and an important medium for information transmission. The contents of exosomes are composed of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids etc. They are crucial to antigen presentation, tumor invasion, cell differentiation and migration. In addition to being present on the surface of tumor cells or in soluble form, PD-L1 is carried into the extracellular environment by tumor derived exosomes (TEX). At this time, the exosomes serve as a medium for communication between tumor cells and other cells or tissues and organs. In this review, we will cover the immunosuppressive role of exosomal PD-L1 (ExoPD-L1), ExoPD-L1 regulatory factors and emerging approaches for quantifying and detecting ExoPD-L1. More importantly, we will discuss how targeted ExoPD-L1 and combination therapy can be used to treat cancer more effectively.

P‐2.9: A review of image generation methods based on deep learning

Image as a medium of visual information transmission have the advantages of vividness, intuition and easy understanding. They play an important role in information transmission and utilization. In recent years, due to the rapid development of deep learning technology in the field of image processing, image generative model based on neural network has become one of the current research hotspots. In the field of deep learning, unsupervised learning model has received more and more attentions, especially in the field of deep generative models, which has made breakthrough progress [1] . Among them, Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and Diffusion Model are the three most representative research methods in the field of unsupervised learning. They have been applied more and more in the field of deep generative models. Especially, the high-quality image generative models based on the generative adversarial network continue to be hot. The diffusion model is a rising star, which is favored by more and more researchers. This paper first summarizes the main research work, improvement mechanism and features of image generation methods based on VAE and GAN, then introduces the principle of the rising diffusion model and its representative models. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the above methods are compared and analyzed, and prospects for future research are put forward.

Car Emotion Labeling Based on Color-SSL Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithm by Color Augmentation

In the era of emotional consumption, it has become a hot topic that commodities meet consumers’ emotional needs. As a necessity of life, the car also needs to meet the needs of consumers. To achieve that consumers can purchase cars according to their emotional needs, we need to label cars with emotional words. The car’s appearance is the crucial medium of emotional information transmission, especially the car’s color is an essential emotional factor. As the first impression of products, color affects people’s emotional attitude. Therefore, introducing color features into the training process of sample marking is an excellent idea for intelligent labeling of a large number of product emotions. This paper proposes a semi-supervised learning method, Color-SSL, based on color data augmentation to realize the label of car emotion. Color-SSL takes FlexMatch as the framework of a semi-supervised learning model and augments data by extracting subject color. Compared with the baseline method, the accuracy of this method improved by 3.2%, 8.3%, 8.6%, and 1.4% with 10, 50, 100, and 200 training samples and 1000 test samples. The results show that Color-SSL obtains the best emotion-label result (94%). In addition, this study publishes pictures of emotional car datasets with high resolution, orthogonal perspective, and uniform background.

Wireless Monitoring of Downhole Pressure Based on Tubing Transmission

Downhole pressure is an important parameter for evaluating the production status of production wells. A wireless monitoring system was designed for downhole pressure which consists of two parts, i.e., the downhole tool and the wellhead tool. The tubing was used as the information transmission medium between the two parts. The downhole tool includes four pressure sensors, and the measured results will be applied to the tubing in the form of an alternating voltage with a frequency of 2.5 Hz. The amplitude of the alternating voltage output by the downhole tool is related to the magnitude of the downhole pressure. The wellhead tool measures and decodes the signal uploaded through the tubing, and the decoded result will be transmitted to the host computer through the ground cable. The wireless transmission model of downhole pressure in the production well was equivalent to a resistance network. Simulation analysis indicates that the amplitude of the signal received by the wellhead tool is negatively correlated with the downhole depth of the downhole tool and positively correlated with the formation resistivity. The designed wireless monitoring system for downhole pressure was tested in gas-producing wells in southwestern China. The test results verified the stability and reliability of the system for downhole pressure monitoring. It also confirmed that the strength of the received signal at the wellhead is negatively correlated with the downhole depth of the downhole tool for the first time and is not affected by the structure of the wellbore. The wireless monitoring scheme of downhole pressure introduced in this paper can be extended and applied to the monitoring of other downhole parameters such as temperature.

Narrative Materiality and The Contemporary Book

Narrative Materiality and The Contemporary Book David Wylot (bio) 1. HAPPY READING In 2019, the publishing house Penguin Books ran an advertising campaign across the UK for its imprint Penguin Classics entitled "Happy Reading." The campaign comprised of photographs of individually owned books from the Penguin Classics range that have been handled, used, and thoroughly read. One campaign poster, for instance, displayed a copy of CHARLOTTE BRONTË'S Jane Eyre (1847) complete with bent cover, annotation labels, and the marks of a book worn with use.1 More than just a celebration of their stories and worlds, the campaign sought to vividly display (and sell) readers' physical encounters with the printed book. As its promotional material stated, each book photographed "tells a story of its own, through its cracked spine, dog-eared pages, scribbled margins or its missing cover."2 The story contained by the book is only half of the book's story. Penguin's attention to readers' tactile handling of the book is clearly attentive to what Leah Price terms "the manual dimension of reading," and in this respect, the campaign is strikingly contemporary.3 "Happy Reading," after [End Page 71] all, notably appears at a time when the sociology, media history, and literary study of the book and of reading have captured the attention of the academy. This coincidence need not be limited to criticism either. Twenty-first-century Anglophone fiction, as many remark, has increasingly turned to a thematic and formal emphasis on the materiality of its printed inscription in response to a changing digital media landscape.4 An archive of this material might include the textual experimentation of Mark Z. Danielewski's The House of Leaves (2000), Ali Smith's printing of two versions of How to Be Both (2014), Chris Ware's book-in-a-box graphic novel Building Stories (2012), or Nicola Barker's typographic play in H(A)PPY (2017), but also less explicitly experimental texts that explore the permutations of their bookish form, such as James Smythe's No Harm Can Come to a Good Man (2014), discussed shortly. As Jessica Pressman suggests, these literary engagements with the "bookishness" of the codex book "describe an aesthetic practice and cultural phenomenon that figures the book as artifact rather than as just a medium for information transmission and, in so doing, presents the book as a fetish for our digital age."5 In this scholarship's expansion, however, less has been made of the impact of the book on readers' comprehension of narrative. In cases where it has been, the textual archive has remained largely pre-twentieth century; likewise, media-conscious narrative theory has often turned to nonprint media due to verbal narrative structure's dominance in narratology.6 Yet the rise of "bookish" books, coupled with renewed focus on the material dimension of reading, clearly invites reconsideration of narrative comprehension attentive to this form. This essay therefore asks two related questions. First, what kinds of narrative dynamics should we look to when incorporating the printed book into a consideration of narrative? And second, what can bookish form make perceptible of twenty-first-century digital culture amid the proliferation of new forms of reading, writing, and consuming narrative? I consider both by way of an analysis of James Smythe's British science fiction novel No Harm Can Come to a Good Man.7 Despite lacking the experimental aesthetics normally associated with "bookish" books, No Harm thematically reckons [End Page 72] with the bounded nature of its printed form to offer vivid reflection on the book's narrative temporalities. The novel follows the story of Laurence Walker, a U.S. senator running for nomination in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, whose political campaign runs aground once a ubiquitous data service called ClearVista, italicized throughout, predicts that he has 0% chance of success. ClearVista, which offers users forecasts of the likelihood of seemingly any event in a digitally quantified world, provides the novel's speculative vision for the methods of capture, "datafication," and statistical forecasting that underpin the technological and ideological regime of "big data" in the twenty-first century.8 It is a technology that, as Laurence is told, "finds out everything about...

Optical mode conversion via spatiotemporally modulated atomic susceptibility.

Light is an excellent medium for both classical and quantum information transmission due to its speed, manipulability, and abundant degrees of freedom into which to encode information. Recently, space-division multiplexing has gained attention as a means to substantially increase the rate of information transfer by utilizing sets of infinite-dimensional propagation eigenmodes such as the Laguerre-Gaussian "donut" modes. Encoding in these high-dimensional spaces necessitates devices capable of manipulating photonic degrees of freedom with high efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate controlling the optical susceptibility of an atomic sample can be used as powerful tool for manipulating the degrees of freedom of light that pass through the sample. Utilizing this tool, we demonstrate photonic mode conversion between two Laguerre-Gaussian modes of a twisted optical cavity with high efficiency. We spatiotemporally modulate the optical susceptibility of an atomic sample that sits at the cavity waist using an auxiliary Stark-shifting beam, in effect creating a mode-coupling optic that converts modes of orbital angular momentum l = 3 → l = 0. The internal conversion efficiency saturates near unity as a function of the atom number and modulation beam intensity, finding application in topological few-body state preparation, quantum communication, and potential development as a flexible tabletop device.

Exploring Nucleobase Modifications in Oligonucleotide Analogues for Use as Environmentally Responsive Fluorophores and Beyond.

Over the past two decades, it has become abundantly clear that nucleic acid biochemistry, especially with respect to RNA, is more convoluted and complex than previously appreciated. Indeed, the application and exploitation of nucleic acids beyond their predestined role as the medium for storage and transmission of genetic information to the treatment and study of diseases has been achieved. In other areas of endeavor, utilization of nucleic acids as a probe molecule requires that they possess a reporter group. The reporter group of choice is often a luminophore because fluorescence spectroscopy has emerged as an indispensable tool to probe the structural and functional properties of modified nucleic acids. The scope of this review spans research done in the Hudson lab at The University of Western Ontario and is focused on modified pyrimidine nucleobases and their applications as environmentally sensitive fluorophores, base discriminating fluorophores, and in service of antisense applications as well as tantalizing new results as G-quadruplex destabilizing agents. While this review is a focused personal account, particularly influential work of colleagues in the chemistry community will be highlighted. The intention is not to make a comprehensive review, citations to the existing excellent reviews are given, any omission of the wonderful and impactful work being done by others globally is not intentional. Thus, this review will briefly introduce the context of our work, summarize what has been accomplished and finish with the prospects of future developments.

Research on stock volatility risk and investor sentiment contagion from the perspective of multi-layer dynamic network

In the post-epidemic period, the international economic structure has been readjusted, with risks contagious across financial and economic systems. This paper primarily uses the high-frequency TENET network and the Granger-causality network to describe the interconnectedness between the tail risk of stock volatility and investor sentiment, then the two-layer network is constructed by the generalized variance decomposition method to examine the inter-layer connectedness. Based on the two-layer network, the heterogeneity frequency response of network connectedness and dynamic network structure are further analyzed from the perspective of frequency domain. The study found that the tail risk of high-frequency stock volatility displays industry heterogeneity and time-varying property, and investor sentiment contagion network provides information transmission medium for stock risk. The double-layer network study found that stock volatility in consumer goods industry exhibits higher risk spillover to investor sentiment. The diversified financial industry, real estate industry and energy industry in the two-layer network are systemically important industries. In addition, the study of the frequency domain dynamic network found that the connectedness volatility in the short-term risk network of stock volatility was significantly higher than that of the investor sentiment network, and the short-term risk spillover effect of the network played a leading role in the total risk spillover. The research conclusions provide reference for preventing systemic risks from the perspective of systemically important industries and cyclical fluctuations.

E-Governance in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects

The basic duty or function of government all over the globe is to akin to the yearnings, aspirations and needs of its citizens. Bureaucratic institutions are used as veritable tools in the administration to establish and implement public policies and programs aimed at serving the demands of the people. It’s on this note the study examines the challenges of e-governance in Nigeria. Due to large dependence on secondary sources of data acquired from papers published in respected academic journals, official publications, Conference papers, internet sources and relevant books, the study adopted the use of content analysis techniques. The study discovered, among other issues, that low knowledge of ICT, insufficient legal framework, and inadequate infrastructure are among the challenges that obstruct the efficient adoption of e-governance in Nigeria. The research, on the other hand, the study found out that e-governance has a lot of potential for the country, including giving information on job openings, e-police system, a medium for information transmission, and economic development, among other features. From the issues discovered the study recommended that government should provide ICT infrastructure, ICT legislation should be enacted in the nation, and the government should demonstrate commitment to making e-governance a success in the country, among other issues. The study concluded by noting that e-governance is critical to the country’s realization of accountable, responsive, and transparent government in Nigeria.

Using storytelling to teach a topic in physics

ABSTRACT Storytelling has the potential to successfully convey knowledge, understanding and experiences in an unintimidating and exciting way to experts as well as non-experts in almost all fields. Storytelling’s utility as an information transmission medium makes it an attractive choice for use in classrooms where knowledge sharing, and the construction of understandings are required. The aim in this mixed method case study was to reveal the impact of storytelling, when used as an instructional tool, on students’ learning experience when exposed to a unit of work entitled “Light”. Observational checklists and students’ journal entries were used to: (1) assess students’ levels of participation during classroom learning, and (2) solicit students’ views about the effectiveness of storytelling to facilitate science learning. The findings revealed high levels of student participation and an overall expression of enjoyment of learning among students when science was presented to them using this method. Students indicated that storytelling was effective in facilitating their understanding of science content and suggested that it should be used more often in science classrooms.

A Review of Related Literature Review on the Accuracy of Securities Analysts' Earnings Forecast

Analysts play a pivotal role in the capital market. As an important information transmission medium between listed companies and investors, securities analysts use their superb professional level and information advantages to integrate and analyze the financial data and business information of listed companies, and publish research through published research. Analytical reports assist investors in making decisions. In recent years, there have been numerous cases of fraudulent research report information in my country. The quality of research report information has been criticized, and domestic analysts have also become the target of criticism. They are facing an unprecedented crisis of trust. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of analysts' forecasts has become an urgent problem at present. The article systematically sorts out research results at home and abroad, and reviews the literature from three aspects: the role of analyst forecasts, influencing factors and economic consequences, which has important practical significance for stabilizing the market economic order and improving the efficiency of resource allocation.

MXene/epoxy-based shape memory nanocomposites with highly stable thermal-mechanical coupling effect for constructing an effective information transmission medium

Information security is essential for any country, enterprise, and institution in the digital age. Shape memory polymers (SMP) and their composites provide attractive candidates for encrypted information transmission since they are an integral branch of intelligent materials. Herein, MXene/waterborne epoxy (WEP) shape memory nanocomposites were fabricated by a simple preparation process and employed as information transmission media. The results showed that the MXene/WEP nanocomposites noticeably improved mechanical properties, creep resistance, and thermal-mechanical coupling cycle stability while maintaining excellent shape memory properties compared to the pristine WEP which ensured nanocomposites’ stimulus-response signal are stable and reproducible. Furthermore, an information encryption transmission system was constructed by customizing the encoding correspondence among the information units, thermal-mechanical coupling stimulus conditions, and stimulus-response signals of the nanocomposites. Multiple security strategies to defend this system including information steganography, coded encryption, and the shape memory effect, which dramatically enhancing communication security. Finally, the application potential of the nanocomposites for encrypted transmission of text and image information were demonstrated. This work provides a new strategy for the application of SMP in information transmission and security.

宋代 都市의 정보 교류 네트워크 연구

The city of the Song Dynasty is a representative “espace strié(홈 패인공간)” governed by the emperor in a “arborescence system(수목적 체계)” state. However it has the characteristic that “espace lisse(매끄러운 공간)” coexists together. In addition, due to the development of commerce, the city has developed into a consumption-oriented space.BR The information created in the Song Dynasty city was organically linked with the common people who were the subjects of information transmission, the lower Literati who were their hub, Washe(瓦舍) and Goulan(勾欄) that were the platform, and the books that could be called the medium of information transmission. As a result, the city

Fiber optical WDM multiplexers/demultiplexers with low bending losses

Objectives. One of the topical tasks in the development of radio electronic systems for various purposes is a sharp increase in the volume and data transfer rate between the elements of the system. This problem is most successfully solved using fiber optic technology, which has no alternative to meet a number of indicators. The use of optical fibers (OF) as a physical medium made it possible to transfer large information flows over considerable distances. Increasing the capacity of communication systems is pushing manufacturers to develop new OF brands with improved optical and operational characteristics, which makes it possible to improve various optical components that use an OF as an active information transmission medium. The dual-channel single-mode wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) multiplexers/demultiplexers, which are one of spectral selective splitters types, are most widely used in fiber-optic communication systems. Among the advantages of WDM, it is worth to note the transmission of a large amount of information over one OF by the arrangement of channels at different wavelengths and the ability to transmit signals of several wavelengths simultaneously in both directions via one OF that do not interact with each other (duplex communication). During operation, WDM multiplexers can be subjected to various external influences that affect the operation and stability of the device parameters. Currently, there are no data on the effect of OF bending on the optical characteristics of WDM multiplexers. In this regard, it is important to study this dependence, which includes measuring the parameters of optical isolation and insertion loss. The purpose of the study is to work out the manufacturing technology and investigate the manufactured WDM multiplexers based on certain types of bend-resistant OF.Methods. For the formation of two-channel WDM multiplexers, the technology of fused biconical tapering was used, which makes it possible to achieve low insertion loss along with a high degree of channel isolation in the wide temperature range.Results. In the paper, the possibilities of manufacturing fiber multiplexers based on bend-resistant fiber Corning SMF-28 Ultra were discussed. The results of manufacturing and studying the experimental samples of WDM multiplexers optical characteristics were presented. It was established that the use of SMF-28 Ultra quartz fiber made it possible to significantly reduce the deviation of the channel optical isolation in the event of mechanical stresses in the multiplexers OF structure. Conclusions. The possibility of creating two-channel multiplexers with low bending losses and optical isolation up to 20–22 dB was experimentally shown. Possible mechanisms of the influence of the multiplexer fiber twisting on the optical isolation of channels were considered. The results obtained showed that when mechanical stresses in the fused structure of the multiplexer occur, the change in the optical isolation coefficient at two operating wavelengths does not exceed 1 dB.

Web based library Services in AIIMS Library in India: an overview

We are living in the virtual environment and the emerging growth and developments of internet has modified our society in every aspect. Libraries are more responsive in making users net-savvy. Not only have internet and technological developments affected the formats and sources of information, but also how and where libraries provide their services to the user. The World Wide Web (WWW) and Internet's emergence as a new medium for information storage and transmission have created an unrivalled medium for delivering information with higher speed and efficiency. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) are autonomous, government-funded, public medical institutions established for the advancement of medical education in India. The paper examines what web-based services, why they are important, and why they are so popular among users , as well as their benefits and drawbacks in AIIMS library, and on the basis of their website details, the evaluation of four AIIMS libraries is also emphasized.