Mediterranean-DASH Intervention For Neurodegenerative Delay Research Articles

A Scoping Review on Delaying Cognitive Decline and Dementia with Aging

There are a lot of elderly people who are suffering from decline in cognition or even the dementia like Alzheimer’s disease as they are aging. Although cognitive decline is an irreversible trend for all the human beings, related practitioners can do some interventions to delay this trend. This review summarizes the current interventions to delay the cognitive decline among the elderly people and prevent cognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s among them. The methods mainly include having healthier diets and performing healthier lifestyles. Most studies are performed in a longitudinal study which include several follow-ups which increase the preciseness and accuracy of the results. Results from current studies show that intaking healthier diets like drinking coffee and tea, eating mushroom as well as Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets, and doing healthier lifestyle are proved to have influence in delaying decline of cognition and other dementias like Alzheimer’s disease. This sheds light on future treatment on the cognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s disease among the elderly and have potentials to delay the cognitive decline.

Association between Mediterranean‐dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay diet and biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolic factors, disease severity, and odds of disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients

AbstractThis research aimed to examine the association between the following Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary pattern and oxidative stress indicators, metabolic factors, disease activity, and the odds of disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this cross‐sectional study, we included 101 patients with RA and 101 healthy individuals. The MIND diet score was measured using a semi‐quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 147 food items. Total capacity antioxidant (TCA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum concentrations were evaluated by ELISA, and the disease severity was measured regarding the disease activity score 28 (DAS‐28) criteria. The average score of the MIND diet was substantially lower in the RA subjects than in the healthy people (p < .001). Individuals with a higher MIND diet score had lower odds of RA than those with a low score (p < .001). There was no remarkable link between the MIND diet and oxidative stress factors (p > .05). A reverse association was found between the MIND diet score and disease activity (p < .05). The MIND diet was significantly and negatively correlated with triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1C. There was a positive association between the diet and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The findings indicate that following the MIND diet may decrease disease activity and the odds of RA. Also, high adherence to the MIND diet may improve the lipid profile and blood glucose status in RA patients.

Adherence to the MIND diet and the odds of mild cognitive impairment in generally healthy older adults: The 3-year DO-HEALTH study

BackgroundThe Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet may slow cognitive decline in older adults. A potential mechanism could be possible anti-inflammatory properties of the MIND-diet. ObjectiveTo examine whether adherence to the MIND diet at baseline is associated with the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and changes in biomarkers of inflammation (High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein(hsCRP), interleukin-6(IL-6)) over three years in adults ≥70 years. MethodsAdherence to the MIND diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and after three years. Presence of MCI based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was defined as <26 (MCI26), or <24 (MCI24). We performed a minimally adjusted model controlling for sex, prior fall, linear spline at age 85, time, treatment and study site. The fully adjusted model also adjusted for education, BMI, physical activity, depression score, daily energy intake, and comorbidity score. To assess the change in inflammatory markers from baseline, we used linear-mixed-effect models adjusted for the same variables plus the respective baseline concentrations. Sensitivity analyses accounting for practice effects of repeated cognitive tests using the reliable change index for both MoCA cut-offs were done. ResultsWe included 2028 of 2157 DO-HEALTH participants (60.5% women; mean age 74.88 years) with complete data. Adherence to the MIND diet at baseline was not associated with cognitive decline over three years, neither at MoCA < 26 (OR (95%CI) = 0.99 (0.94–1.04)) nor at MoCA < 24 (OR (95%CI) = 1.03 (0.96–1.1)). Applying the reliable change index to the two cut-offs confirmed the findings. Further, the MIND diet adherence was not associated with the change in MoCA score from baseline in DO-HEALTH. For inflammatory biomarkers MIND-diet baseline adherence was not associated with changes in hsCRP or IL-6. ConclusionAdherence to the MIND-diet was neither associated with the odds of MCI, nor with hsCRP or IL-6 at baseline. Moreover, change in MIND-diet over three years was not associated with changes in hsCRP or IL-6.

Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition in Older Adults With Common Neuropathologies of Dementia

A healthy lifestyle is associated with better cognitive functioning in older adults, but whether this association is independent of the accumulation of dementia-related pathologies in the brain is uncertain. To determine the role of postmortem brain pathology, including β-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, cerebrovascular pathology, and other brain pathologies, in the association between lifestyle and cognition proximate to death. This cohort study used data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal clinical-pathologic study with autopsy data from 1997 to 2022 and up to 24 years of follow-up. Participants included 754 deceased individuals with data on lifestyle factors, cognitive testing proximate to death, and a complete neuropathologic evaluation at the time of these analyses. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to June 2023. A healthy lifestyle score was developed based on self-reported factors, including noncurrent smoking, at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week, limiting alcohol consumption, a Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet score higher than 7.5, and a late-life cognitive activity score higher than 3.2. The lifestyle score ranges from 0 to 5, with higher scores reflecting a healthier lifestyle. The global cognitive score was derived from a battery of nineteen standardized tests. Brain pathology measures included β-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, global Alzheimer disease pathology, vascular brain pathologies, Lewy body, hippocampal sclerosis, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43. Of 586 included decedents, 415 (70.8%) were female, 171 (29.2%) were male, and the mean (SD) age at death was 90.9 (6.0) years. Higher lifestyle score was associated with better global cognitive functioning proximate to death. In the multivariable-adjusted model, a 1-point increase in lifestyle score was associated with 0.216 (SE = 0.036, P < .001) units higher in global cognitive scores. Neither the strength nor the significance of the association changed substantially when common dementia-related brain pathologies were included in the multivariable-adjusted models. The β estimate after controlling for the β-amyloid load was 0.191 (SE = 0.035; P < .001). A higher lifestyle score was associated with lower β-amyloid load in the brain (β = -0.120; SE = 0.041; P = .003), and 11.6% of the lifestyle-cognition association was estimated through β-amyloid load. This study found that in older adults, a healthy lifestyle may provide a cognitive reserve to maintain cognitive abilities independently of common neuropathologies of dementia.

Abstract 63: Ultra-Processed Food Intake Predicts Stroke Risk in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Introduction: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is linked to cardiometabolic diseases and adverse neurological outcomes, such as stroke and cognitive decline. However, it is controversial whether food processing confers neurological risk independent of nutritive information. We explored associations between UPFs and incident stroke in the longitudinal REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Methods: The NOVA system was used to classify items from a baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) according to level of processing. Intake in grams for each NOVA category was normalized to total grams consumed. Scores quantifying adherence to other diets considered neuroprotective—including a Mediterranean, DASH, and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet—were also derived from FFQ data. Multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate associations between diet patterns and stroke. Results: The cohort included 15,656 participants with reliable dietary intake data and without a previous stroke. Greater intake of UPFs (NOVA4) was associated with increased stroke risk (HR per SD: 1.10, 95% CI [1.03-1.18], p=4.77x10 -3 ) in a model adjusted for demographic factors (age, race, sex, age-by-race interaction) and vascular risk factors (smoking, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, left ventricular hypertrophy). Intake of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (NOVA1) was associated with decreased stroke risk (HR: 0.87, 95% CI [0.81-0.93], p=5.56x10 -5 ) as was adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets. Adding intake of NOVA1 or NOVA4 items to multivariable models that included other diet patterns resulted in improved model fit (greater log-partial-likelihood). In contrast, adding other dietary patterns to models that included NOVA1 or NOVA4 intake did not improve model fit. While associations between NOVA1 and NOVA4 intake and stroke persisted in models that included the Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diets, associations between other diet patterns and stroke were not significant. Conclusion: Intake of differentially processed foods is associated with stroke risk independent of adherence to other dietary patterns.

P1154 Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet can reduce Inflammatory Bowel Disease risk: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background The global increasing prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) places a substantial burden on families and society at large. The lack of a definitive cure for this chronic condition underscores the critical need for effective preventive measures. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, emphasizing natural plant-based foods while limiting animal products and high-saturated fats, emerges as a promising dietary approach. This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding the impact of the MIND diet on IBD risk. Methods We utilized data from 187,549 participants in the UK Biobank who provided dietary information and were free of IBD at baseline. Dietary information including the consumption of over 200 common foods and 30 beverages was collected for five rounds by a validated web-based 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. A MIND diet score was evaluated based on the intake of ten beneficial and five unhealthy food groups and was further grouped by tertiles. The outcome of interest was Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), ascertained via inpatient data and primary care data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results After a mean follow-up of 10.7 years, we documented 335 and 655 incident CD and UC. The average age of the participants was 56.2 years, of which 55.0% were females. We found that greater adherence to the MIND diet, represented by higher diet score, was associated with a lower risk of CD (HR comparing extreme tertiles 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.89, P=0.006; P-trend=0.005) and UC (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98, P=0.030; P-trend=0.029) (Table 1). In the secondary analysis, we investigated the impact of fifteen individual food components in the MIND diet and found that consumption of olive oil was inversely associated with CD, and consumption of wine was inversely associated with UC. Conclusion We found higher adherence to the MIND diet was associated with lower risk of CD and UC. Our findings call for further research on the potential of the MIND diet to prevent IBD.

The Role of Diet in Parkinson's Disease.

The aim of this review is to examine the intersection of Parkinson's disease (PD) with nutrition, to identify best nutritional practices based on current evidence, and to identify gaps in the evidence and suggest future directions. Epidemiological work has linked various dietary patterns and food groups to changes in PD risk; however, fewer studies have evaluated the role of various diets, dietary components, and supplements in the management of established PD. There is substantial interest in exploring the role of diet-related interventions in both symptomatic management and potential disease modification. In this paper, we evaluate the utility of several dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean (MeDi), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), vegan/vegetarian, and ketogenic diet in persons with PD. Additionally, we provide an overview of the evidence relating several individual food groups and nutritional supplements to PD risk, symptoms and progression.

Effect of MIND diet on cognitive function in elderly: a narrative review with emphasis on bioactive food ingredients.

As the world becomes a super-aged society, cognitive decline is public health problems that are increasing rapidly. A healthy diet has great potential for maintaining cognitive health. A diet that could delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases has been developed: the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, a hybrid form of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. In this review, the effects of the MIND diet on improving cognitive function, including memory, are summarized. In most studies, the higher the adherence to the MIND diet, the higher the cognitive function evaluation score, and the lower the incidence of dementia. This is because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the major nutritional components of the MIND diet: folate, carotenoids, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Adherence to the MIND diet, containing various bioactive food ingredients, is related to cognitive improvement in the elderly population.

Adherence to the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and exposure to selenium species: A cross-sectional study

Selenium is a trace element found in many chemical forms. Selenium and its species have nutritional and toxicologic properties, some of which may play a role in the etiology of neurological disease. We hypothesized that adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet could influence intake and endogenous concentrations of selenium and selenium species, thus contributing to the beneficial effects of this dietary pattern. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 137 non-smoking blood donors (75 females and 62 males) from the Reggio Emilia province, Northern Italy. We assessed MIND diet adherence using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We assessed selenium exposure through dietary intake and measurement of urinary and serum concentrations, including speciation of selenium compound in serum. We fitted non-linear spline-based regression models to investigate the association between MIND diet adherence and selenium exposure concentrations. Adherence to the MIND diet was positively associated with dietary selenium intake and urinary selenium excretion, whereas it was inversely associated with serum concentrations of overall selenium and organic selenium, including serum selenoprotein P-bound selenium, the most abundant circulating chemical form of the metalloid. MIND diet adherence also showed an inverted U-shaped relation with inorganic selenium and particularly with its hexavalent form, selenate. Our results suggest that greater adherence to the MIND diet is non-linearly associated with lower circulating concentrations of selenium and of 2 potentially neurotoxic species of this element, selenoprotein P and selenate. This may explain why adherence to the MIND dietary pattern may reduce cognitive decline.

Accordance to a MIND–Style Diet is Associated with Decreased Risk of Dementia Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet (high in nuts, seeds, vegetables, berries and low in meat, dairy, and butter) has been associated with reduced risk of dementia. However, no studies have examined the role of the MIND diet in a racially diverse population nor have there been studies that have examined the association of the MIND diet with dementia mortality.MethodWe examined data from Black and White adults (age 45‐98) in the US‐based REGARDS cohort. Dietary and covariate data were collected at baseline (2002‐2007). MIND diet score was created as described by other cohort studies (Table footnote). The primary outcome was dementia‐related mortality through December 31, 2020 from the National Death Index using ICD‐10 codes F00‐F03, G30, G31.0‐G31.1, and R54. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model MIND diet score (in tertiles and as a continuous variable) and time to dementia death. To ensure robust association across sub‐groups, we tested for interactions of MIND diet with sex, race, age, obesity, history of stroke, and baseline cognitive impairment and adjusted for competing risks.ResultA total of 18,277 participants (mean age 64.9) had dietary data available to calculate the MIND diet score. MIND diet score was higher among females compared with males, White compared with Black participants, and college graduates. There were no differences in accordance by age. After a median of 12 years, participants with the highest MIND diet scores had the lowest risk of dementia death HR = 0.78 {95% CI; (0.66, 0.94)} comparing the 3rd tertile with the 1st tertile and after adjustment for age, race, sex, income, education, total energy, and other medical conditions (Table). This association was attenuated slightly when a competing risk analysis was considered HR = 0.84 {95%CI; (0.70, 1.00)}. There were no significant interactions observed.ConclusionThe MIND diet score is associated with dementia death in a large bi‐racial cohort in the US. This association is robust across race, age, and sex groups. Dietary interventions using the MIND diet may further clarify whether this association is causal and whether MIND diet may be an important tool in reducing rates of dementia.

Associations of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet with brain structural markers and their changes.

The associations of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with brain structural changes are unclear. Among 26,466 UK Biobank participants, a 15-point MIND score was calculated from 24-hour diet recalls from2009 to 2012. We assessed its associations with 17 magnetic-resonance-derived brain volumetric markers and their longitudinal changes and explored whether genetic factors modify the associations. Higher MIND adherence was associated with larger volumes of thalamus, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, and accumbens (beta per 3-unit increment ranging from 0.024 to 0.033) and lower white matter hyperintensities (P-trends<0.05), regardless of genetic predispositions of Alzheimer's disease. MIND score was not associated with their longitudinal changes (P>0.05) over a median of 2.2 years among participants with repeated imaging assessments (N = 2963), but was associated with slower atrophy in putamen (beta: 0.026, P-trend=0.044) and pallidum (beta: 0.030, P-trend=0.033) among APOEε4 non-carriers (N = 654). The MIND diet showed beneficial associations with certain brain imaging markers, and its associations with long-term brain structural changes warrants future investigation. Adherence to the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet was significantly associated with higher volumes and larger gray matter volumes in certain brain regions in UK adults, and the associations were not modified by genetic factors. No significant associations were observed between MIND diet and longitudinal changes in the investigated brain structural markers over a median of 2.2 years. Higher MIND score was significantly associated with slower atrophy in the putamen and pallidum among APOEε4 non-carriers.

Dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH), but not Mediterranean and MIND, dietary pattern protects against Parkinson's disease.

The neuroprotective effects of dietary patterns have been reported in previous studies. This study aimed to examine the association between the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), and the Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) with the severity and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this comparative cross-sectional study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy participants participated. Adherence to DASH, MeDi, and MIND dietary patterns was determined according to the dietary intake data using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The mean score of the DASH was significantly lower in the PD group compared to the healthy group (p = .006), but the mean score of MeDi and MIND did not significantly differ between the two groups (p > .05). Also, the mean score of the DASH was significantly lower in men than in women in the healthy group (p = .018). High adherence to the DASH diet decreased the risk of PD by 15% (OR = 0.856, 95% CI: 0.751, 0.976, p = .020). Participants in quartiles 3 and 4 of the DASH dietary pattern had 86% (p = .003) and 87% (p = .007), respectively, lower risk of PD. MeDi and MIND diets were not significantly associated with the risk of PD. There was no significant association between dietary patterns and the severity of PD. The findings indicate that high adherence to the DASH dietary pattern may protect against PD.

Associations of the MIND Diet with Cardiometabolic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: A Systematic Review.

Recent studies have expanded the scope of research on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet beyond its impact on cognitive performance. These investigations have specifically explored its potential to provide protection against cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors, including obesity and dyslipidemia. We systematically summarized and evaluated all existing observational and trial evidence for the MIND diet in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in adults. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to extract original studies on humans published until September 2023, without date restrictions. A total of 491 studies were initially retrieved, out of which 23 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out by five independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform. Quality assessment was ascertained using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) for randomized trials. Across the different study designs, the MIND diet was generally associated with an improvement in anthropometric measures and other cardiometabolic outcomes, such as blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammation and stroke. The effects of the MIND eating pattern on some cardiovascular diseases are less conclusive. The findings of this systematic review support the recommendation of the MIND diet as a strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in adults. Further well-designed and long-term studies are warranted.

Influence of dietary patterns on urinary excretion of cadmium in an Italian population: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionCadmium is a toxic heavy metal with detrimental effects on human health. Apart from smoking and occupational factors, diet is the main source of cadmium. However, the relation between adherence to so-called “healthy” dietary patterns and cadmium exposure has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we aimed at assessing such association in a Northern Italian population. MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, we investigated a population of non-smokers aged 30–60 years in the period 2017–2019. Each subject completed a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in order to estimate adherence to four dietary patterns, namely the Dietary Approach to Stopping Hypertension-DASH diet, Greek Mediterranean Index-GMI, the Italian Mediterranean Index-IMI, and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. We collected a fasting morning urinary sample to measure urinary levels of cadmium and cotinine. The association between increasing adherence to dietary patterns and cadmium exposure was evaluated using a cubic spline regression non-linear model and adjusting for relevant confounders (age, sex, body mass index, urinary cotinine levels, intake of fiber, and alcohol). ResultsWe recruited 137 participants (males/females: 62/75) with median (interquartile range-IQR) age of 47 (IQR: 43–53) years. Median scores for the investigated dietary patterns were 24 (IQR: 21–28), 4 (IQR: 3–6), 4 (IQR: 3–5), and 7.5 (IQR: 6.5–8.5) for DASH, GMI, IMI and MIND diets, respectively. The median urinary cadmium level was 0.21 μg/L (IQR: 0.11–0.34 μg/L). Spline regression analysis showed an inverse linear association between increasing adherence to the DASH and MIND diets and urinary cadmium levels, reaching a plateau at high adherence scores, approximately > 25 and > 9 for DASH and MIND diets, respectively. An increase of cadmium exposure with increasing MIND score also emerged. Conversely, the association was almost null for IMI, and slightly positive for GMI. ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that increasing adherence to the DASH and MIND diets are associated with decreased cadmium levels only at moderate level. Overall, these results indicate that public health strategies, including the decrease of cadmium contamination in healthy foods should be implemented.

Cognitive performance in relation to MIND and MEPA III dietary pattern accordance of NHANES participants.

There is growing evidence that Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and Mediterranean-like diets are associated with better cognitive performance. In this cross-sectional sample from two NHANES cycles (2011-2014), scores for the MIND dietary pattern (maximum score = 14) and for the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) III (maximum score = 22) were calculated based on the reported foods consumed on two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Only adults with two completed recalls and cognitive testing were studied (n = 2598). Cognitive assessments included the word learning and recall components from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency test (AFT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. The ages of participants were (mean ± SD) 69.2 ± 0.3 years, with almost equal proportions of men and women. MIND score was 5.0 ± 0.0, and MEPA III score was 8.6 ± 2.1. Positive associations between continuous MIND scores and education-dependent standardised cognitive scores for each test and global cognition were observed, unadjusted or adjusted for covariates; no such associations were observed for MEPA III. Compared to adults in the lowest MIND tertile, those in the highest were less likely to exhibit low cognitive performance on the AFT [0.45 (0.29-0.69)], CERAD Delayed Recall [0.52 (0.32-0.83)] and global cognition [0.50 (0.27-0.94)]. Similar observations were noted with MEPA III with AFT [0.58 (0.43-0.79)] and CERAD Delayed Recall [0.66 (0.46-0.94)]. Older Americans were generally non-accordant to MIND and MEPA III patterns. However, those who reported greater MIND or MEPA III diet accordance exhibited better cognitive performance.

The association between MIND diet and cognitive function among Chinese middle aged and older adults: A 9‐year longitudinal study

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the association of Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with cognitive function is limited. This study examined how MIND diet is related to cognitive function among Chinese middle aged and older adults.MethodThis longitudinal study comprised 4066 participants aged ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997. Dietary assessment (using 3‐day 24‐hour dietary recalls) and cognitive tests (using modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) were conducted repeatedly from 1997 to 2006. The study MIND diet score was calculated based on 9 healthy food groups and 3 unhealthy food groups. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to investigate the relation of MIND diet adherence to cognitive function (z‐score).ResultThe median MIND score was 4.5 (range: 0‐12) among overall participants at baseline. During a mean follow‐up of 5.9 years, participants with higher scores of MIND diet had significant better global cognitive function in subsequent years. In the multivariable‐adjusted model, the regression coefficients (95% CI) across the tertiles of MIND score were 0 (ref), 0.01 (‐0.03, 0.06), and 0.07 (0.02, 0.11), respectively. For dietary components, highest consumption (T3 vs T1) of nuts (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.38), fish (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.16), poultry (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.16), red meat (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.14), tea (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13), and green leafy vegetable (β = 0.04, 95% CI: ‐0.00, 0.09) were associated with better global cognitive function, whereas highest intake of fried food (β = ‐0.18, 95% CI: ‐0.26, ‐0.10), pastries and sweets (β = ‐0.07, 95% CI: ‐0.16, 0.02) demonstrated opposite associations. Furthermore, the beneficial association of MIND diet with cognitive function was stronger among residents in rural areas, soutern areas, and among illiterate participants though significant effect modifications were not observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher adherence to MIND diet was associated with better cognitive function in later life. Further research is warranted to confirm the findings and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Impact of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

The ability to preserve cognitive function and protect brain structure from the effects of the aging process and neurodegenerative disease is the goal of non-pharmacologic, lifestyle interventions focused on brain health. This review examines, in turn, current diet and exercise intervention trends and the collective progress made toward understanding their impact on cognition and brain health. The diets covered in this review include the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and weight loss management. The exercise approaches covered in this review include endurance, resistance, combined exercise programs, yoga, tai chi, and high-intensity interval training. Although valuable evidence is building concerning how diet and exercise influence cognitive performance and brain structure, many of the open questions in the field are concerned with why we see these effects. Therefore, more strategically designed intervention studies are needed to reveal the likely multiple mechanisms of action in humans.

Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity phenotypes among Iranian women: a cross sectional study

PurposeParadoxes have been found in obesity, including individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO), and diet may be one of the reasons for the creation of these metabolic phenotypes. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of the Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHOW/O) phenotypes.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 229 overweight and obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 18–48 years were examined. Anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters were collected from all participants. The body composition of each participant was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA). The MIND diet score was determined based on 15 components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items. Karelis criteria was used to determine metabolically healthy/unhealthy phenotype (MH/MUH).ResultsAmong the participants, 72.5% of individuals were identified as MUH and 27.5% as MH, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 36.16 (8.33) years. The results of our analysis showed that after controlling for age, energy intake, BMI, and physical activity, there was no significant association observed between overweight/obesity phenotypes with tertile 2 (T2) (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 0.86–4.17, P-value = 0.10), T3 (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.86–4.17, P-value = 0.11) of MIND score, and only the odds of MUH relative to MH with a marginal significant decreasing trend was observed from the second to the third tertile (1.89 vs. 2.01) (P − trend = 0.06). Also, after additional adjustment for marital status, the nonsignificant association between overweight/obesity phenotypes with tertile 2 (T2) (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 0.89−5.10, P-value = 0.08), T3 (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 0.83−4.23, P-value = 0.12) of MIND score remained, and the odds of MUH relative to MH with a significant decreasing trend was observed with increasing tertiles (P-trend = 0.04).ConclusionsIn conclusion, no significant associations were found between adherence to MIND diet with MUH, and only a significant downward trend in the odds of MUH was observed with increasing tertiles. We suggest further studies in this field.

Associations between adherence to MIND diet and general obesity and lipid profile: A cross-sectional study.

The term "Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)" has recently been coined to describe a new eating pattern. Recent research is looking at how this food pattern affects chronic illnesses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between the use and adherence to the MIND diet with general obesity and blood lipid profile. In this cross-sectional study, 1,328 Kurdish adults between the ages of 39 and 53 had their dietary intake evaluated using a valid and reliable 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to the MIND diet was examined based on the components advised in this eating pattern. Each subject's lipid profiles and anthropometric measurements were documented. The mean age and BMI in the study population were 46.16 ± 7.87 year and 27.19 ± 4.60 kg/m2, respectively. The chances of having increased serum triglycerides (TG) were 42% lower in those in the third tertile of the MIND diet score compared to those in the first tertile (ORs: 0.58; 95% CI 0.38-0.95; P = 0.001). In the crude model and after adjusting for confounders, lowering high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ORs: 0.72; 95% CI 0.55-1.15; P = 0.001). We found that greater adherence to the MIND diet was associated with the decrease odds of general obesity and lipid profile. Further study is essential owing to the relevance of chronic diseases like MetS and obesity in health status.

Adherence to the DASH, MeDi, and MIND diet scores and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes

BackgroundA metabolically unhealthy phenotype is associated with the risk of cardiometabolic events and can be prevented by adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The present study was designed to investigate the association between high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MeDi), and Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet scores and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in adults across body mass index (BMI) categories. MethodsIn this cohort study, 512 subjects with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) at baseline and 787 subjects with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOW/MHO) at baseline were included. Dietary intake was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DASH, MeDi, and MIND scores were calculated. The Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria were used to define a metabolically unhealthy status. ResultsA total of 137 and 388 subjects with metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOW/MUO) phenotypes, respectively, were observed, over a mean of 5.91 years of follow-up. The Cox proportional hazard regression indicated participants in the third tertile of the DASH score had a lower risk of the MUNW phenotype (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37–0.92) than those in the lowest tertile. Similarly, the highest adherence to the MeDi and MIND scores was also linked to a 46% (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36–0.81) and 47% (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34–0.83) lower risk of the MUNW phenotype, respectively. As well, there was an inverse relationship between the highest adherence to the DASH (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50–0.86), MeDi (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58–0.93), and MIND (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43–0.74) scores and the risk of MUOW/MUO. There was no interaction between age and the three dietary patterns in relation to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. ConclusionHigh compliance with the DASH, MeDi, and MIND scores was associated with a lower risk of MUNW. An inverse relationship between these three dietary patterns and the incidence of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype was also observed in individuals who had MHOW/MHO at baseline.