Medicine Terminology Research Articles

Validation of traditional Chinese medicine terminology: Crucial steps for inheritance, development, and in-depth internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine

Validation of traditional Chinese medicine terminology: Crucial steps for inheritance, development, and in-depth internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine

A Study on Translation Strategies for TCM Terminology Based on Knowledge Translation Theory

This study explores translation strategies for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terminology within a cross-cultural context, focusing on the application of three strategies: literal translation, paraphrase, and domesticated transliteration, in the categories of knowledge congruence and knowledge differentiation. Based on specific terms from the "WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine," this paper employs literature review and case analysis to examine how TCM terminology can effectively convey its medical implications and cultural background in a cross-cultural setting. The research aims to reveal how different translation strategies can achieve the accurate transmission of medical knowledge in the translation of TCM terms, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the international dissemination of TCM terminology.

Enhancing Communication in Dental Clinics through Understanding Oral Medicine Terminology

Enhancing Communication in Dental Clinics through Understanding Oral Medicine Terminology

Characteristics of Chinese translation of drug names in advertisements

In recent years, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, cooperation among countries in the medical field has become increasingly important. Cooperation continues to develop, and more and more foreign products are appearing in the pharmaceutical market. This has led to an increasing interest in changing drug names to another language, especially Chinese. This article analyzes four methods for translating traditional Chinese medicine terminology in advertising: phonetic method, semantic method, hybrid method, and semantic method, while considering the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine. The research object is the particularity of translating foreign medical terms into Chinese. This article aims to analyze the methods of translating medical terminology into Chinese. In addition, a new translation method – a semantic approach with the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine – has been proposed. The research materials include medical terms and their Chinese translations. This article provides an example of a method for translating medical terminology into Chinese and proposes a new method for translating medical terminology – a semantic approach that takes into account the unique characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.People have found that names translated using phonetic methods are usually associated with Latin words. When using semantic methods, select these hieroglyphs to indicate the exact action of the drug. The use of hybrid methods to translate drug names not only preserves the sound of the original language, but also includes information about the usefulness of the product. When translating into Chinese, English words with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics are usually added. When translating European drug names, considering the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine, the reality of Chinese language and culture is often added to make the operation of drugs easier for consumers to understand. Translation is usually supported through visualization, which refers to Chinese idioms and traditional cultural images.

The first translation on pediatrics: Er Ke Cuo Yao

Er Ke Cuo Yao(The Pediatric Summary) is the first monograph on pediatrics of Western medicine translated and introduced in the late Qing Dynasty. It occupies an important position in the history of the development of modern pediatrics and modern Western medicine in China. Edited by American missionary Mary Hannah Fulton and translated by Chinese Western medicine scholar Yin Duanmo, the book consists of 2 volumes and 14 books, including general discussion of pediatrics, diagnosis of pediatric diseases, and discussion on teething, throat diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, worms, liver diseases, abdominal epimesis, and new infectious diseases, etc. covering the diagnosis, treatment, maintenance and other knowledge of Western medical pediatrics. The source of Er Ke Cuo Yao is not yet available, but it may be a synthesis of various materials, and the translation uses paraphrasing, transliteration, and traditional Chinese medicine terminology, and the language is easy to understand. Er Ke Cuo Yao reflects the level of development of pediatrics in Western medicine in the early modern period, makes up for the lack of pediatrics knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and plays an active role in the diagnosis and treatment of common pediatric diseases, epidemiological diseases, surgical diseases, and malnutrition prevention.

Abbreviations in medical records: arguments for and against

There is often a need for fast and effective communication in modern medicine. Time is often critical when providing care to multiple patients. Medical abbreviations are a form of shorthand that allows healthcare professionals to communicate with one another easily. However, the time and expense of writing acronyms are reduced in case they are clear and familiar to every person involved in communication. Misunderstanding between members of the medical staff often lead to misinterpretations of acronyms and hazard to patients’ health and lives. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze such interrelated phenomena as positive and negative sides of using abbreviations as a way of terminology in medicine, arguments of each of the positions, in order to reduce negative consequences of using abbreviations in modern medical documentation. The material of the study is abbreviations used in modern medical practice. The method of continuous sampling of medical abbreviations from scientific literature and medical documentation was used. The results of the study showed that the most common errors associated with the use of medical abbreviations were the ones in prescribing, incorrect dose/quantity and incorrect preparation of medication. About 80 % of the abbreviations contained in the notes and statements that were handed out were unclear to patients and required clarification by health care providers. Medicine must be based on accurate and correct information, literacy of professional actions, and a sense of the highest responsibility. In this regard, it is necessary to use only standard abbreviations and introduce a ban on the use of abbreviations with ambiguous interpretation. Information in prescriptions, instructions, and statements should be clear and unambiguous, in order to avoid awkward and mundane situations affecting the quality of patients’ perception of the information. All of these factors can contribute to the improvement of the quality of medical care and the patient’s quality of life accordingly.

Construction of a Knowledge Graph Based on the Study of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Terminology

Abstract This study centers on the English translation of Chinese medicine terms and the construction of knowledge graph, to solve the problem of the accuracy of Chinese medicine terminology translation through scientific and technological means, and to improve the communication efficiency and accuracy of Chinese medicine in the international arena. First, we collected Chinese medicine-related data from websites such as “Seek Medical Help” and “Seek Medical Help” through crawler technology, then performed data cleaning and fusion processing to eliminate data redundancy and inconsistency. Then, we defined 17 types of concepts and 22 conceptual relationships related to TCM ancient books, as well as the corresponding attribute definitions, to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the knowledge graph. The Bi-LSTM model for text disambiguation and Labeling further improved data processing efficiency. Eventually, this study successfully constructed a knowledge graph of English translation of TCM terms containing 50051 nodes and 13521 relations. This knowledge graph improves the accuracy of TCM terminology translation and provides a powerful tool for international dissemination and academic research of TCM terminology.

Perceptions of Nigerian medical students regarding their preparedness for precision medicine: a cross-sectional survey in Lagos, Nigeria

BackgroundAdvances in precision medicine in Nigeria suggest improving genomics education and competency among healthcare practitioners to facilitate clinical translation. Due to the scarcity of research in this area, this study aimed to assess Nigerian medical students’ perceptions about their preparedness to integrate precision medicine into their future clinical practice.MethodsThis was an institution-based cross-sectional study of medicine and surgery students in their clinical years attending the two fully accredited colleges of medicine in Lagos, Nigeria, between April and October 2022 using an adapted tool administered via Google Forms. The survey assessed their awareness, perceptions about knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward precision medicine, ethical concerns, and perceptions about their education in precision medicine. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess factors associated with students’ perceptions of their knowledge, ability, and attitudes.ResultsA total of 300 students completed the questionnaires with a response rate of 40%. Awareness of genomic medicine terminology was high (92.0%). Responses to knowledge and ability questions revealed notable gaps, however, respondents had positive attitude scores overall. Higher medical school year was independently associated with lower knowledge (ptrend = 0.003) and ability (ptrend = 0.005) scores, and knowledge score was independently associated with a higher ability score (β: 0.76 95%CI: 0.67, 0.84; p < 0.001). Attitude scores significantly increased with increasing medical school year (ptrend = 0.04). The respondents mostly indicated concerns about government and corporate bodies’ misuse of genomic data (35.7%) and the widening of socioeconomic disparities (34.0%). Although 65.0% of the respondents thought it important to learn about precision medicine, only 11.3% felt that their education had adequately prepared them for precision medicine, knew who to ask questions regarding genomic testing (10.7%), and felt their professors had encouraged the use of precision medicine (10.3%).ConclusionDespite high awareness of precision medicine terminology and overall positive attitudes, our findings highlight gaps in knowledge and ability to integrate genomics into the care of patients and a need to improve precision medicine education among Nigerian medical students.

PET/CT in assessment of colorectal liver metastases: a comprehensive review with emphasis on 18F-FDG.

Approximately 25% of those who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer will develop colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) as their illness advances. Despite major improvements in both diagnostic and treatment methods, the prognosis for patients with CRLM is still poor, with low survival rates. Accurate employment of imaging methods is critical in identifying the most effective treatment approach for CRLM. Different imaging modalities are used to evaluate CRLM, including positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Among the PET radiotracers, fluoro-18-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG), a glucose analog, is commonly used as the primary radiotracer in assessment of CRLM. As the importance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT continues to grow in assessment of CRLM, developing a comprehensive understanding of this subject becomes imperative for healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines. The primary aim of this article is to offer a simplified and comprehensive explanation of PET/CT in the evaluation of CRLM, with a deliberate effort to minimize the use of technical nuclear medicine terminology. This approach intends to provide various healthcare professionals and researchers with a thorough understanding of the subject matter.

The brief history of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine terminology and the development and creation of an operational definition

The definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) remains dynamic and complex despite a steady increase in the popularity/usage of CAIM therapies across the globe. A lack of consistency in how these terms are defined remains a challenge for researchers, clinicians, and national and international organizations (e.g., World Health Organization, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health) alike. In the present article, we provide a brief history of the use of these terminologies, and then outline the process we took to develop and create an operational definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine. Our operational definition is the first to be informed by a systematic search of four quality-assessed information resource types, ultimately yielding 604 unique CAIM therapies. We then developed a single search string for the most common bibliographic databases using the finalized operational definition list of CAIM therapies. These CAIM therapies were searched against the Therapeutic Research Center's “Natural Medicines” database for all 604 therapies, whereby each item's scientific name and/or synonym was included as a keyword or phrase in the search string. While the current definition is not without limitations and ongoing debates still surround the field, this work is arguably a steppingstone towards enabling increased collaboration and communication amongst healthcare clinicians, researchers, and the public. This operational definition provides a foundation for developing well-coordinated research efforts that will assist in the acceptance and understanding of this field, while also focusing on adopting knowledge translation techniques and efforts for further research advancement and use.

WASP—A Web Application to Support Syntactically and Semantically Correct SNOMED CT Postcoordination

Expressive clinical terminologies are of utmost importance for achieving a semantically interoperable data exchange and reuse in healthcare. SNOMED CT, widely respected as the most comprehensive terminology in medicine, provides formal concept definitions based on description logic which not only allows for advanced querying of SNOMED-CT-coded data but also for flexibly augmenting its 350,000 concepts by allowing a controlled combination of these. This ability for postcoordination largely increases the expressivity of the terminology but correlates with an intrinsic complexity. Complicated by the current lack of tooling support, postcoordination is widely either ignored or applied in an error-prone way. To help facilitate the adoption of postcoordination, we implemented a web application that guides users through the creation of postcoordinated expressions (PCEs) while ensuring adherence to syntactic and semantic constraints. Our approach was largely facilitated by making use of the extensive SNOMED CT specifications as well as advanced HL7 FHIR Terminology Services. Qualitative evaluations confirmed the usability of the developed application and the correctness of the PCEs created with it.

BORROWINGS IN THE ENGLISH VETERINARY MEDICINE TERMINOLOGY

The article deals with the problem of language borrowings in the English terminology of veterinary medicine. The aim of the рaper is to analyze borrowings in the terminological system of veterinary medicine of English, to determine the factors that influence the appearance of borrowed terms. The study aims to investigate the etymological and linguistic aspects of terms, tracing their origins and adaptation within the context of veterinary medicine. Borrowed units of the English veterinary medicine terminology consist of the following groups: 1) Greek-Latin borrowings; 2) Scandinavian borrowings; 3) French borrowings; 4) German borrowings. It was mentioned that the Greek and Latin languages are traditionally recognized as basic sources of lexicon replenishment. The article also describes borrowings from other languages. The research examines the influence of classical languages, particularly Latin and Greek, on the formation of veterinary medical terminology. Additionally, it explores the contemporary contributions of the English language, highlighting its role in the global scientific community and scrutinizing the adaptation of new terms in modern veterinary research. Technological advances, brands and marketing strategies also influence the use of borrowings in veterinary terminology. Borrowings in veterinary terminology help to create unity and understanding of international communication in this field. They promote the exchange of knowledge and experience between specialists from different countries and contribute to the further development of veterinary medicine. Employing a comprehensive analytical approach, the author unveils the historical development of veterinary medicine through its linguistic framework, identifying the impact of diverse cultural and scientific contexts. The findings of this study contribute to a nuanced understanding of the evolution of veterinary medical terminology and its significance within the global scientific community.

The Elementary School Student’s Achievements in Usada Bali ‘Balinese Traditional Medicine’ Lexicon (Gender Study and Language Revitalization)

Usada Bali is a traditional Balinese healing practice that uses natural materials like plants for medicine. This practice is recorded in Balinese script on lontar leaves. Modern technology and synthetic medicine have reduced the use of some traditional medicinal plants and caused a language shift from Balinese to Indonesian, even for traditional medicine terminology. Now, these materials are often written in Indonesian to describe their usage. This study aims to analyze the language strategies regarding the Usada Bali lexicon applied by the student's parents at elementary school at Denpasar and Klungkung Regency. It examines students' proficiency in traditional medicine types, treatment techniques, and related medical problems, and factors influencing their understanding. Using qualitative methods and surveys, the study found that most parents (66.3% in Denpasar and 83.3% in Klungkung) use Strategy 7-a language strategy involving Balinese Language with their children, the same as that employed in the neighborhood domain. As a result, 59.2%-81.9% of students understand the traditional medicine lexicons. The study concludes that besides Strategy 7, other factors such as family demographics and the presence of multiple generations play significant roles in maintaining the Balinese language and Usada Bali lexicons, as part of oral traditions and Balinese Culture, which are crucial for preserving Balinese cultural identity.

Translating TCM nomenclature into English: A bilingual reference tool needed for clinical practice

Translating traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terminology into other languages, although notoriously difficult, is vital for medical practices outside China. Given the diverse and notably inconsistent translations of TCM terms in bilingual glossaries, dictionaries and the general TCM literature, there is a real and urgent need to study the merits and drawbacks of the representative translations in order to better support clinical practice. Ten commonly used bilingual terminology references were selected to investigate the translations of ten key terms on 经络 jingluo . As a case study, the sample of translations was analyzed in terms of the use of translation strategies and the strengths and weaknesses of the different translations. Four major translation strategies were identified, the most common being literal translation and semantic translation, followed by a combination of transliteration and either literal or semantic translation, and, lastly, transliteration. Each of the ten reference works uses three or more translation strategies. It is worth noting that several conventionally established translations of the key terms, including 经脉 jingmai , only partially convey the meaning of the Chinese term and could therefore result in misunderstandings. This study demonstrates the usefulness of studying the most representative bilingual glossaries to understand the merits and constraints of diverse translation strategies. We argue for the need to construct a comprehensive bilingual reference work containing the major representative translations of TCM terms to be used in different contexts, which will be instrumental for the clinical practice and spread of TCM.

The concept of traditional chinese medicine:history, theory and empirical research

The concept of traditional Chinese medicine has different connotations and extensions in different historical periods. This paper examines the formation and development of the concept of traditional Chinese medicine in the perspective of history, theory and empirical research, and explores the internal connection among different medical systems and between medicine and other disciplines. It attempts to re-define the connotation and extension of the concept of traditional Chinese medicine in the context of the new era, provide references for building the medical community of the Chinese nation and promote the standardization of Chinese medicine terminology, advance the cross-disciplinary construction and establishing a new medical system with the characteristics of openness and tolerance, in order to provide the solution, wisdom and power of traditional Chinese medicine for global health in the process of building a community of human health.

Time to harmonize mitochondrial syndrome nomenclature and classification: A consensus from the North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC).

To harmonize terminology in mitochondrial medicine, we propose revised clinical criteria for primary mitochondrial syndromes. The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC) established a Diagnostic Criteria Committee comprised of members with diverse expertise. It included clinicians, researchers, diagnostic laboratory directors, statisticians, and data managers. The Committee conducted a comprehensive literature review, an evaluation of current clinical practices and diagnostic modalities, surveys, and teleconferences to reach consensus on syndrome definitions for mitochondrial diseases. The criteria were refined after manual application to patients enrolled in the NAMDC Registry. By building upon published diagnostic criteria and integrating recent advances, NAMDC has generated updated consensus criteria for the clinical definition of classical mitochondrial syndromes. Mitochondrial diseases are clinically, biochemically, and genetically heterogeneous and therefore challenging to classify and diagnose. To harmonize terminology, we propose revised criteria for the clinical definition of mitochondrial disorders. These criteria are expected to standardize the diagnosis and categorization of mitochondrial diseases, which will facilitate future natural history studies and clinical trials.

Ветеринарный дискурс в зеркале современных научных исследований: систематический обзор

The purpose of the review is to systematise the results of scientific research (2001-2021) on the issues of typological features of veterinary discourse, terminology and values of veterinary medicine, the specifics of communication in the “agent-client” system, as well as to identity the prospects for a linguocognitive analysis of veterinary discourse. Scientific novelty of the review is related to the updating of scientific data obtained by veterinary communication researchers, to the assessment of the development of this field in works by Russian and foreign scholars. As a result, researchers’ views on the place of veterinary discourse in a number of other types of discourse, principles of systematisation, structure and formation of terms, basic approaches to cognitive analysis of terminology have been summarised; the topical aspects of communication between a veterinarian and a client related to values of the discourse have been considered; possible directions for further research of veterinary discourse have been outlined.

Nomenclature standardization of Chinese medicine extracts and components

Chinese medicine extracts are the important pharmaceutical materials of Chinese medicinal preparations, but their nomenclature still needs improvement in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). By the analysis of the evolution rules of names of Chinese medicine extracts recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, this study proposed a three-level nomenclature of &quot;Chinese medicine name+chemical information+extract&quot; based on the standardization problems involved in the existing nomenclature, striving to accurately suggest the material basic information on extract names. Meanwhile, the basic elements of Chinese medicine components, the special case from Chinese medicine extracts, were clarified, and the core connotations of the professional names were discriminated to arouse attention and discussions of researchers, facilitate the standardization of Chinese medicine terminology, and promote the scienti-fic development of Chinese medicinal preparations, and the modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicine.

Paradygmatic Relations in the English Veterinary Terminology

The article deals with paradigmatic relations in English terminology of veterinary medicine. The aim of this work is to study such paradigmatic relations in the veterinary terminology as synonymy and antonymy. The author focuses on the generalization of theoretical views on the essence of the phenomenon of synonymy and antonymy in terminology in general. Using the example of terminological units in the field of veterinary medicine the peculiarities of the use of synonymous and antonymous units in English for the purpose of differential nomination of a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world are shown. The main types of synonyms and antonyms and their structural features in the studied terminology are identified and analyzed. It was revealed that different in structure terms enter into synonymous relations, among which one-word synonyms, two-component terms and synonyms represented by terms and the corresponding abbreviations predominate. At the level of paradigmatics, the phenomenon of synonymy in veterinary terminology is represented mainly by absolute synonymy. The synonymy of the studied terms is characterized by the variability of their form, by which we mean the formal variations of the same linguistic sign. Such relations of variability arise between units that are identical in content and different in mode of expression.The studied terminology is characterized by antonymy, which is a significant specific characteristic of English veterinary terminology. It allows to mark the semantics of the terminological system and ensures its symmetry and stability. Synonymy and antonymy are typical phenomena in this system that make it more flexible. They are characterized by sufficient consistency and order.

American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement: Principles for the Responsible Use of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Medicine.

Many sports medicine physicians are currently considering introducing regenerative medicine into their practice. Regenerative medicine and the subclassification of orthobiologics are a complicated topic and have produced widely varying opinions. Although there is concern by government regulators, clinicians, scientists, patient advocacy organizations, and the media regarding the use of regenerative medicine products, there is also excitement about the potential benefits with growing evidence that certain regenerative medicine products are safe and potentially efficacious in treating musculoskeletal conditions. Sports medicine physicians would benefit from decision-making guidance about whether to introduce orthobiologics into their practice and how to do it responsibly. The purpose of this position statement is to provide sports medicine physicians with information regarding regenerative medicine terminology, a brief review of basic science and clinical studies within the subclassification of orthobiologics, regulatory considerations, and best practices for introducing regenerative medicine into clinical practice. This information will help sports medicine physicians make informed and responsible decisions about the role of regenerative medicine and orthobiologics in their practice.