Medicine For Obesity Research Articles

Medicinal Plants and Natural Products to Treat Obesity through Inhibiting Pancreatic Lipase: A Review (2020-2022)

: Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides to monoglycerides and free fatty acids which promote and accelerate their absorption by the intestine, thus leading to obesity. Drugs that have numerous side effects explain the beneficial medicinal effect of plants resulting from their Phyto molecules that exhibit strong anti-lipase activity. The present review reveals the medical treatment and consequently the associated side effects. It also represents an update of various medicinal plants and their metabolites that act as lipase inhibitors published between (2020-2022). We have discussed 93 species belonging to 48 different plant families and numerous bioactive molecules exerting this activity. We have compared 29 species for their anti-lipase potential. Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were the most dominant with 7 species, and the highest percentage (95%) for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was recorded by “Filipendula kmtaschatia” from Rosaceae family while “Piper betle” from Piperaceae family showed the lowest percentage (15.9%). The medical treatments with low dose effect were liraglutide saxenda (3mg/day), also flavonoids, in particular catechin derivatives, which were the most potent in terms of pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with the lowest IC50s. This study summarized medical and natural treatments that are used to treat obesity through inhibiting pancreatic lipase and delaying fat assimilation in the intestines. So far, more studies are needed for the use of these as herbal medicine for obesity. Conclusion: This study summarized medical and natural treatments that are used to treat obesity through inhibiting pancreatic lipase and delaying fat assimilation in the intestines. So far, more studies are needed for the use of these as herbal medicine for obesity.

Precision medicine for obesity: current evidence and insights for personalization of obesity pharmacotherapy.

Obesity is a chronic and complex disease associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. It is expected that by 2030 one of two people in the United States will have obesity. The backbone for obesity management continues to be lifestyle interventions, consisting of calorie deficit diets and increased physical activity levels, however, these interventions are often insufficient to achieve sufficient and maintained weight loss. As a result, multiple patients require additional interventions such as antiobesity medications or bariatric interventions in order to achieve clinically significant weight loss and improvement or resolution of obesity-associated comorbidities. Despite the recent advances in the field of obesity pharmacotherapy that have resulted in never-before-seen weight loss outcomes, comorbidity improvement, and even reduction in cardiovascular mortality, there is still a significant interindividual variability in terms of response to antiobesity medications, with a subset of patients not achieving a clinically significant weight loss. Currently, the trial-and-error paradigm for the selection of antiobesity medications results in increased costs and risks for developing side effects, while also reduces engagement in weight management programs for patients with obesity. The implementation of a precision medicine framework to the selection of antiobesity medications might help reduce heterogeneity and optimize weight loss outcomes by identifying unique subsets of patients, or phenotypes, that have a better response to a specific intervention. The detailed study of energy balance regulation holds promise, as actionable behavioral and physiologic traits could help guide antiobesity medication selection based on previous mechanistic studies. Moreover, the rapid advances in genotyping, multi-omics, and big data analysis might hold the key to discover additional signatures or phenotypes that might respond better to a certain intervention and might permit the widespread adoption of a precision medicine approach for obesity management.

Integrative analysis reveals the anti-obesity roles of Poria cocos polysaccharides through beneficial effects on gut microbiota

Obesity is a global health problem that is characterized with metabolic disorders. And new medicine for obesity is developed needfully. In this study, we investigated the beneficial anti-obesity effects of Poria Cocos polysaccharides (PCP) through modulation of fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota in vivo. PCP, the functional nutrient components, have gained attention due to emerging pharmacological properties. Plant polysaccharides have also shown promising application for the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, the correlative mechanisms of PCP-exhibited anti-obesity effects via targeting fatty acid metabolism remain unclear. Therefore, we employed a network pharmacology approach combined with 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to explore the anti-obesity actions, targets, and metabolic mechanisms exerted by PCP. By using public databases for comprehensive analysis, we identified 35 genes that were mutual with PCP, obesity, and fatty acid metabolism. These genes could play crucial roles in inflammation, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling regulation. Furthermore, current results demonstrated that PCP attenuated the activation of the inflammatory signaling pathway in adipose tissue caused by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. PCP showed benefits in reducing the inflammatory processes and improving metabolic disturbance. Base on metagenomic sequencing report, PCP might restore the gut microbiota composition and diversity, thereby meliorating fatty acid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Further 16S rRNA findings revealed changes in gut microbial profiles, including altered Eisenbergiella, Dorea, Proteiniphilum and Lachnospira in response to PCP treatment. Overall, our study provides insights into the beneficial actions of PCP for exhibiting anti-obesity effects through improving fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota homeostasis in vivo, suggesting that PCP may be a therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders.

Precision Medicine for Obesity: Targeting a Multifactorial Condition

Precision Medicine for Obesity: Targeting a Multifactorial Condition

Effect of fennel seeds fortified crackers on various obesity biomarkers

Obesity is linked to a range of major medical consequences, collectively known as “insulin resistance syndrome”. About 40 % of the world's adult population is overweight, with obesity affecting over 14 % of adults, while obesity rates exceed 50 % in some countries. Obesity disrupts the metabolic balance and harms many body organs. Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare) is a spice used all over the world. It is a rich source of dietary fiber and different phytochemicals. Fennel is a well-known therapeutic plant used to control obesity in traditional medicine and has a sweet flavor that can be integrated into a new recipe. In this study, fennel seeds were incorporated in different percentages to develop crackers, and their bioefficacy was evaluated against traditional cholesterol-lowering medicine and traditional herbal therapies for obesity. Three treatments (T0, T1, and T2) were evaluated on humans, where T1 showed the best results in all parameters and was hence considered to be the best treatment. Participants in T0 showed only a slight change in their body mass index (BMI) values in 45 days, whereas T1 participants saw a decrease in BMI from 38.48 to 36.95 kg/m2 in 45 days. Conclusively, fennel seed-fortified crackers can dramatically lower BMI while also enhancing lipid profiles.

Theabrownin inhibits obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via serotonin-related signaling pathways and gut-liver axis

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with obesity seriously threats public health. Our previous studies showed that dark tea had more potential on regulating lipid metabolism than other teas, and theabrownin (TB) was considered to be a main contributor to the bioactivity of dark tea. ObjectivesThis in vivo study aims to reveal the effects and molecular mechanisms of TB on NAFLD and obesity, and the role of the gut-liver axis is explored. MethodsThe histopathological examinations, biochemical tests, and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to evaluate the effects of TB on NAFLD and obesity. The untargeted metabolomics was used to find the key molecule for further exploration of molecular mechanisms. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to assess the changes in gut microbiota. The antibiotic cocktail and fecal microbiota transplant were used to clarify the role of gut microbiota. ResultsTB markedly reduced body weight gain (67.01%), body fat rate (62.81%), and hepatic TG level (51.35%) in the preventive experiment. Especially, TB decreased body weight (32.16%), body fat rate (42.56%), and hepatic TG level (42.86%) in the therapeutic experiment. The mechanisms of action could be the improvement of fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and oxidative stress via the regulation of serotonin-related signaling pathways. Also, TB increased the abundance of serotonin-related gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Antibiotics-induced gut bacterial dysbiosis disrupted the regulation of TB on serotonin-related signaling pathways in liver, whereas the beneficial regulation of TB on target proteins was regained with the restoration of gut microbiota. ConclusionWe find that TB has markedly preventive and therapeutic effects on NAFLD and obesity by regulating serotonin level and related signaling pathways through gut microbiota. Furthermore, gut microbiota and TB co-contribute to alleviating NAFLD and obesity. TB could be a promising medicine for NAFLD and obesity.

Comparative Effectiveness of East Asian Traditional Medicine for Childhood Simple Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Childhood obesity leads to various comorbidities and usually persists into adulthood, increasing socioeconomic burden. In the absence of a clearly effective treatment, East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) therapies have been widely used. We aimed to analyze the comparative effectiveness and safety of EATM techniques for children with simple obesity through network meta-analysis (NMA). Twelve databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of EATMs on childhood simple obesity. Individual EATMs were ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The risk of bias in the individual studies and publication bias in the NMA were evaluated. Thirty-three RCTs were included. Acupuncture, chuna, chuna plus acupressure, cupping plus acupressure, herbal medicine (HM), and HM plus acupuncture significantly reduced BMI compared with lifestyle management. Based on the treatment ranking, cupping plus acupressure was optimal for BMI reduction compared with a non-medical management, followed by chuna and HM. The quality of evidence for individual findings was usually moderate to low, and no serious adverse events of EATM were reported. Cupping plus acupressure might have a large beneficial effect, and chuna or HM probably have a moderate beneficial effect on reducing BMI in children with simple obesity.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Sunbanghwalmyung-Eum in High-Fat- and High-Cholesterol-Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice.

Sunbanghwalmyung-eum (SBH) is a traditional herbal medicine that exhibits various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated the systemic anti-obesity effects of an aqueous extract of SBH in the liver, adipose, and muscle tissue from high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. After 6 weeks of an HFHCD, the mice were continuously fed HFHC with oral administration of SBH (100 mg/kg/day), Sim (simvastatin, 5 mg/kg/day, positive control), or water (HFHC only) for another 6 weeks. Our results showed that SBH attenuated the HFHCD-induced body weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver, and improved plasma lipid levels, such as those of triglycerides (TGs), blood total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). SBH and Sim inhibited the inflammation accompanied by obesity via decreasing inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). Moreover, SBH downregulated the expression of protein levels of adipogenic-related factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), in the liver, adipose, and muscle tissue. The SBH and Sim treatment also significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) in the liver and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the adipose tissue. Overall, the effects of SBH on HFHCD-induced obesity were similar to or more potent than those of simvastatin. These results indicated that SBH has great potential as a therapeutic herbal medicine for obesity.

Research Trends of Animal Experiment on the Herbal Medicine for Obesity: During the Recent 5 Years

Research Trends of Animal Experiment on the Herbal Medicine for Obesity: During the Recent 5 Years

A bibliometric analysis of research on herbal medicine for obesity over the past 20 years.

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze published papers on the use of herbal medicine in obesity research over the past 20 years using bibliometric methods and present an overview of global research trends.Methods:English articles on herbal medicine for obesity published from 2001 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the search terms “herbal” AND “obesity”. Microsoft Office Excel was used to sort and analyze the statistical data. Bibliographic analysis and data visualization were performed using visualization of similarities viewer based on publication year, country of publication, journal, research area, author, affiliated institution, and keywords.Results:A total of 463 English articles were retrieved, and we observed a trend in which the number of publications on herbal medicine for obesity has gradually increased over the past 20 years. The most productive countries and research organizations in this field were Korea and Kyunghee University, respectively. Many papers have been published in research areas, such as pharmacology pharmacy and integrative complementary medicine, and the journals with the most published articles in this field were Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The main research keywords formed 3 clusters, and keywords with the most occurrences were “obesity,” “adipose-tissue,” and “insulin resistance.”Conclusion:This study presents an overview of the global research trend of herbal medicine for obesity from the bibliographic analysis. An increased understanding of the recently changing research topics provides a new perspective on future research directions. This study may help guide the research in the field of obesity in the future.

Transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate brain reactivity to food cues in overweight and obese adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial with fMRI (NeuroStim-Obesity)

BackgroundWith increasing obese populations worldwide, developing interventions to modulate food-related brain processes and functions is particularly important. Evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may modulate the reward–control balance towards facilitation of cognitive control and possible suppression of reward-related mechanisms that drive food cue-induced craving. This protocol describes a clinical trial that investigates the neurocognitive mechanisms of action for tDCS to modulate food cue-reactivity and cravings in people with obesity.MethodThe NeuroStim-Obesity trial is a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind single-session tDCS trial targeting food craving in those with obesity or overweighed. Once randomized, 64 adults with obesity or overweighed complete one session in which they receive either active or sham tDCS over the DLPFC (anode F4 and cathode F3, 2 mA intensity for 20 min). The primary outcome is change in neural response to the food cue-reactivity task in the ventral striatum after a single-session bilateral tDCS compared to sham stimulation. Secondary outcomes include changes in food craving evaluated by the Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S). We will also explore the predictive role of brain structure and functional networks assessed by structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during both task performance and the resting-state that are acquired pre- and post-intervention to predict response to tDCS.DiscussionThe results will provide novel insight into neuroscience for the efficacy of tDCS and will advance the field towards precision medicine for obesity. Exploratory results will examine the potential predictive biomarkers for tDCS response and eventually provide personalized intervention for the treatment of obesity.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) IRCT20121020011172N4. Retrospectively registered on 4 June 2020

A national survey on current clinical practice pattern of Korean Medicine doctors for treating obesity

Given the multifactorial nature of obesity, there is current interest on Korean medicine (KM) for weight loss. This survey aimed to investigate current practice patterns of KM treatment for obesity among doctors. A questionnaire on clinical practice patterns of KM treatment for obesity was constructed and distributed to 21,788 KM doctors (KMDs). The questionnaire was consisted of respondent characteristics, state of treated patient, diagnosis, treatment, and usage pattern of herbal medicine for obesity. A total of 4.9% of KMDs (n = 1,084/21,788) validly completed the survey. Patients with Obesity Class I (25 ≤ Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 29.9) are the most common in KM clinics. Bioelectric impedance and KM Obesity Pattern Identification Questionnaire were routinely used for diagnosis. The average treatment duration was 4.16 weeks, and patients visited on an average 4.25 times per month for treatment. Herbal medicine is the most commonly used for obesity treatment by KMDs, and Taeeumjowui-tang was the most frequently prescribed. Ephedrae Herba, which is identified as the most used herbs for weight loss, was prescribed 5.18 ± 2.7 g/day at minimum and 10.06 ± 4.23 g/day at maximum. A total of 62.9% of responded KMDs had ever a patient with uncomfortable symptoms due to Ephedrae Herba use, neuropsychiatric events were the most common symptoms, followed by gastrointestinal events. Taken together, this study provides information on real clinical practice patterns of KM including patients, diagnosis, treatments, and herbal medicine for obesity.

Sexual Crossing, Chromosome-Level Genome Sequences, and Comparative Genomic Analyses for the Medicinal Mushroom Taiwanofungus Camphoratus (Syn. Antrodia Cinnamomea, Antrodia Camphorata).

ABSTRACTTaiwanofungus camphoratus mushrooms are a complementary and alternative medicine for hangovers, cancer, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and inflammation. Though Taiwanofungus camphoratus has attracted considerable biotechnological and pharmacological attention, neither classical genetic nor genomic approaches have been properly established for it. We isolated four sexually competent monokaryons from two T. camphoratus dikaryons used for the commercial cultivation of orange-red (HC1) and milky-white (SN1) mushrooms, respectively. We also sequenced, annotated, and comparatively analyzed high-quality and chromosome-level genome sequences of these four monokaryons. These genomic resources represent a valuable basis for understanding the biology, evolution, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of this economically important mushrooms. We demonstrate that T. camphoratus has a tetrapolar mating system and that HC1 and SN1 represent two intraspecies isolates displaying karyotypic variation. Compared with several edible mushroom model organisms, T. camphoratus underwent a significant contraction in the gene family and individual gene numbers, most notably for plant, fungal, and bacterial cell-wall-degrading enzymes, explaining why T. camphoratus mushrooms are rare in natural environments, are difficult and time-consuming to artificially cultivate, and are susceptible to fungal and bacterial infections. Our results lay the foundation for an in-depth T. camphoratus study, including precise genetic manipulation, improvements to mushroom fruiting, and synthetic biology applications for producing natural medicinal products.IMPORTANCE Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Tc) is a basidiomycete fungus that causes brown heart rot of the aromatic tree Cinnamomum kanehirae. The Tc fruiting bodies have been used to treat hangovers, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hypertension, and other diseases first by aboriginal Taiwanese and later by people in many countries. To establish classical genetic and genomic approaches for this economically important medicinal mushroom, we first isolated and characterized four sexually competent monokaryons from two dikaryons wildly used for commercial production of Tc mushrooms. We applied PacBio single molecule, real-time sequencing technology to determine the near-completed genome sequences of four monokaryons. These telomere-to-telomere and gapless haploid genome sequences reveal all genomic variants needed to be studied and discovered, including centromeres, telomeres, retrotransposons, mating type loci, biosynthetic, and metabolic gene clusters. Substantial interspecies diversities are also discovered between Tc and several other mushroom model organisms, including Agrocybe aegerita, Coprinopsis cinerea, and Schizophyllum commune, and Ganoderma lucidum.

Precision Medicine and Obesity.

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial disease, with a rising prevalence and an associated high economic burden. Achieving successful and sustained weight loss outcomes with current interventions is challenging. This is due, at least in part, to the disease's heterogenous pathophysiology that is yet to be completely understood. Technological advances and greater capabilities for the extraction and storage of information have facilitated the application of precision medicine. Several precision medicine initiatives have been proposed to improve obesity outcomes. Most of these initiatives are based on -omics technologies. Although the data generated from these technologies have led to developing hypotheses that may explain the underpinnings of obesity, their applicability to the clinical practice is yet to be determined. There are other initiatives that have identified quantitative or qualitative physiologic traits that can be targeted and that could have a more immediate clinical impact. This review aims to provide a perspective of current initiatives for precision medicine for obesity.

Precision Medicine for Obesity.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a variable and underwhelming weight loss response to current treatment approaches. Precision medicine proposes a new paradigm to improve disease classification based on the premise of human heterogeneity, with the ultimate goal of maximizing treatment effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Recent advances in high-throughput biochemical assays have contributed to the partial characterization of obesity's pathophysiology, as well as to the understanding of the role that intrinsic and environmental factors, and their interaction, play in its development and progression. These data have led to the development of biological markers that either are being or will be incorporated into strategies to develop personalized lines of treatment for obesity. There are currently many ongoing initiatives aimed at this; however, much needs to be resolved before precision obesity medicine becomes common practice. This review aims to provide a perspective on the currently available data of high-throughput technologies to treat obesity.

A narrative review of current trends in liraglutide: insights into the unmet needs in management of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Liraglutide is a long-acting human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue and an effective treatment for patients with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of liraglutide as a well-known glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) in patients with T2DM and obesity. The lower and the higher doses of GLP-1 RAs are used for glycaemic control in T2DM and in obesity respectively. GLP-1 RAs such as liraglutide enhance insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release via the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs). Liraglutide decreases hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients when prescribes as monotherapy or in combination with one or more antidiabetic drugs. Usually, it is well tolerated with minor hypoglycemia in combination therapy. Liraglutide reduces cardiovascular events and related risk factors including improvement of lipid profile and control of blood pressure. Accordingly, it can be cost-effective and may be a budget neutral medication option by considering its protective effect on the cardiovascular system in long-term use in the health care plan. In the near future, by pharmacogenomics approach, prediction of the highest patient's response with the lowest adverse drug reactions and also rationality of drug development will be possible. Liraglutide can be used as a desirable medicine for glycemic control and obesity. It shows extensive evidence based benefits in diabetes complications. In this narrative review, we have summarized and evaluated studies related to the role of liraglutide in clinical practice.

Development of a Novel Anti-Obesity Compound with Inhibiting Properties on the Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Background:Obesity as a developing global challenge can be characterized by increase in adipocyte number and size arising from adipogenesis. Control of adipogenesis, as a potential strategy, can prevent and manage obesity. So far, the effectiveness of herbal medicine and active ingredients therapies for obesity and metabolic syndrome treatment has been investigated. In this study, a novel combination of berberine, catechin, and capsaicin was developed, and their effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. Methods:The effect of active ingredient on the cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of berberine (3 and 6.25 μM), catechin (6.25 and 12.5 μM), and capsaicin (6.25 and 12.5 μM) alone and in combination. Results:All active ingredients did not affect the cell viability by MTT assay at different concentrations. The dual and triple combinations of three active ingredients showed excellent potential as anti-obese without any toxicity. The inhibitory effect of berberine, catechin, and capsaicin on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was found to be dose-dependent. These results indicate that catechin in both doses may have a stronger effect than the two other active ingredients on the intracellular lipid accumulation. Also, the triple combination of the aforementioned ingredients showed better responses than their dual combination. Conclusion:This work is the first report to simultaneously investigate these three active ingredients in a single, dual, and triple formats. The berberine, catechin, and capsaicin co-treatment inhibits the adipogenesis during the differentiation process. This compound can be a prospective therapy for obesity and relevant diseases such as dyslipidemia.

In Vitro Antidiabetic, Anti-Obesity and Antioxidant Analysis of Ocimum basilicum Aerial Biomass and in Silico Molecular Docking Simulations with Alpha-Amylase and Lipase Enzymes.

The present study explored phytochemicals, porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) and lipase (PPL) inhibitory activities and antioxidant potential of polar and nonpolar extracts of the leaves and flowers of Ocimum basilicum and the in-silico mode of interaction between these enzymes and the major chemical constituents of the herb. The hexane extract (HE) and hydro-ethanolic extract (EE) obtained sequentially were used to estimate PPA and PPL inhibitory and antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Chemical constituents of the essential oils and HE were determined by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). For PPA inhibition, IC50 (µg/mL) of the extracts were 0.27–0.37, which were close to 0.24 of acarbose, while for PPL inhibition, IC50 (µg/mL) of the extracts were 278.40–399.65, and that of Orlistat 145.72. The flowers EE was most potent antioxidant followed by leaves EE. The leaves EE had highest TPC and TFC followed of flowers EE. The essential oil of flowers had higher estragole (55%) than linalool (37%), while the essential oil of the leaves had higher linalool (42%) than estragole (38%). The HE of the flowers contained higher estragole (42%) than linalool (23%), while of the HE of the leaves too had higher estragole (65%) than linalool (18%). The in-silico molecular docking study showed linalool and estragole to have considerable PPA and PPL binding potential, which were further investigated through molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The PPA and PPL inhibitory activities of O. basilicum extracts and their notable antioxidant potential propose the herb as a multi-target complimentary medicine for diabetes, obesity and oxidative stress.

Bioassay-guided isolation of active anti-adipogenic compound from royal jelly and the study of possible mechanisms

BackgroundRoyal jelly (RJ) has been used traditionally for dietary, cosmetic and health purposes for a long time in different parts of the world. Scientific studies have also shown its numerous health-promoting properties including hypoglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic action. In this study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic activity of RJ in 3 T3-L1 cells and isolated the major responsible root component for the activity.MethodsAn active anti-adipogenic compound was isolated through bioassay-guided isolation process by successive treatment of RJ and its active fractions on 3 T3-L1 cell line. (E)-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid (10-HDA) was identified using NMR spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). As 10-HDA showed significant anti-adipogenic activity with Oil Red O staining and TG content assay on 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, further study was carried out in molecular level for the expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, FABP4, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and Leptin. The effect of 10-HDA on preliminary molecules such as pAkt, pERK, C/EBPβ, and pCREB were studied in the early stage of adipogenesis. The effect of 10-HDA on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fully differentiating adipocytes was measured by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay.ResultResults showed that triacylglycerol accumulation and ROS production was markedly suppressed by 10-HDA. Preliminary molecules such as pAkt, pERK, pCERB, and C/EBPβ were found to be down-regulated by 10-HDA, which led to down-regulation of key adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, FABP4, CEBPα, SREBP-1c, and Leptin on 3 T3-L1 adipocytes.ConclusionOur results suggest that anti-adipogenesis of 10-HDA on 3 T3-L1 adipocyte takes place via two mechanisms: inhibition of cAMP/PKA pathway and inhibition of p-Akt and MAPK dependent insulin signaling pathway. So it is considered that 10-HDA, a major component of RJ, can be a potential therapeutic medicine for obesity.

Phytotherapy of Obesity: A Review of Approaches Related to the use of Traditional Medicine for Obesity

Now, a day’s obesity is a common health issue; it is a grave and persistent disease that can have a depressing effect on our body. Flabby and fatness might be raising the danger of many physical conditions, like heart disease, diabetes osteoarthritis and cancers. In the present days it is approximate more than 300 million overweight people international. Obesity is related to the disorder of lipid metabolism and the enzymes involved in the process of lipid metabolism. So, the lipid metabolism is the main target for the development of anti-obesity drugs. On the other hand, most of the anti-obesity drugs now introvert due to severe adverse effects. That’s why; the naturopathic management for obesity has been extensively recommended from primordial times and attains impact in the current circumstances also. Conventional therapeutic foliage and their dynamicphyto constituents have been used for the handling of fatness and problems derived from obesity. This review mainly emphasis on natural phytoextracts with their mechanism of action and their preclinical investigational replica for advance scientific investigate.